Blood Typing of Asiatic Black Bear (Ursusthibetanus)

In this study,we aimed to determine whether bear had different blood group systems.Whole blood samples were collected from 40 Asiatic Black bears in Fujian province,China.Tube method was used to detect antibodies in plasma,and antibody isotype was determined with 2-mercaptoethanol.Plasma was further analyzed by mass spectrometry.The plasma from four bears had antibodies,possibly IgM isoform,which could agglutinate RBCs from 30 bears.Blood samples from 10 bears were tested by human blood typing reagents.The results showed that 4 bears had blood type like human type O,while 6 bears had like human type B.Plasma protein had extensive homology to serum albumin-like isoform 1 found in giant panda (Ailuropodamelanoleuca).We suggested that Asiatic Black bear might have at least one blood group system with two blood types.If the sick bear needs blood transfusion,a cross-matching test was necessary.Moreover,giant panda might receive blood from Asiatic Black bear in case of emergency.     

Accuracy of imputation of single nucleotide polymorphism marker genotypes from low‐density panels in Japanese Black cattle

Using target and reference fattened steer populations, the performance of genotype imputation using lower‐density marker panels in Japanese Black cattle was evaluated. Population imputation was performed using BEAGLE software. Genotype information for approximately 40 000 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers by Illumina BovineSNP50 BeadChip was available, and imputation accuracy was assessed based on the average concordance rates of the genotypes, varying equally spaced SNP densities, and the number of individuals in the reference population. Two additional statistics were also calculated as indicators of imputation performance. The concordance rates tended to be lower for SNPs with greater minor allele frequencies, or those located near the ends of the chromosomes. Longer autosomes yielded greater imputation accuracies than shorter ones. When SNPs were selected based on linkage disequilibrium information, relative imputation accuracy was slightly improved. When 3000 and 10 000 equally spaced SNPs were used, the imputation accuracies were greater than 90% and approximately 97%, respectively. These results indicate that combining genotyping using a lower‐density SNP chip with genotype imputation based on a population of individuals genotyped using a higher‐density SNP chip is a cost‐effective and valid approach for genomic prediction.     

Growth performance,carcass traits,physiochemical characteristics and intramuscular fatty acid composition of finishing Japanese black steers fed soybean curd residue and soy sauce cake

This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary soybean curd residue (SCR) and soy sauce cake (SSC) on the growth performance, carcass traits and physiochemical and intramuscular fatty acid (FA) characteristics in Japanese Black steers. Ten steers (29.7 ± 0.3 months old, 856.6 ± 24.4 kg body weight) were assigned to either treatment C, fed a conventional concentrate or T, fed the test diet including dried SCR and SSC for 3 months. In growth performance, dry matter (DM) intake and average daily gain, and carcass traits did not differ significantly between the treatments. Color of beef was affected by the dietary treatments and meat samples from T showed higher a^* value and chroma than those in C. On FA composition, there was no significant difference between the treatments in neutral lipids, whereas in polar lipids, meat samples from T had higher C16:1 (P < 0.05) and tended to have higher C16:0 (P = 0.05) and C18:1 (P = 0.08), but lower C17:0 (P = 0.098), C18:2 (P = 0.06) and C20:4 (P = 0.07) than those from C. The study suggested that SCR and SSC could be used as a substitute for conventional concentrate and would influence meat color and intramuscular FA composition of polar lipids.     

Effects of a high milk intake during the pre‐weaning period on nutrient metabolism and growth rate in Japanese Black cattle

This study aimed to determine the effects of feeding an increased volume of high‐fat milk during the early post‐natal life on metabolite concentrations in the blood, the expression of key genes regulating intermediary metabolism in the skeletal muscles, and the rate of growth of Japanese Black cattle. All calves were fed a high‐fat milk replacer (crude protein, 26%; crude fat, 25.5%; total dissolved nitrogen, 116%). Control calves (n = 4) were nursed with 500 g milk replacer until 3 months of age, whereas calves in the experimental group (n = 4) were nursed with 1800 g milk replacer until 3 months, and then the volume was gradually reduced until 5 months. Body weight was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group at 7 months. Plasma glucose concentrations were significantly lower in the experimental group. Expression of glucose‐transporter‐4 messenger RNA (mRNA) was lower, whereas that of glucose transporter 1, cluster of differentiation 36, and carnitine palmitoyltransferase‐1b mRNA was significantly higher in the Longissimus thoracis of the experimental group. Nutritional status during early post‐natal life appears to strongly influence the growth rate and glucose and lipid metabolism in Japanese Black cattle.     

Application and Advancement of Reinforced Earth Technique

In this paper, the application of reinforced earth technique, principle and calculation method, new reinforced materials developed and produced are introduced. A few of key technical problems in reinforced earth application is discussed, such as reinforced earth behavior, calculation method, durability of reinforced material, amendment and complement of the current standards. Then, the reinforced earth technique development and advancement were introduced.     

Research on Design Methods for Reinforced Earth Retaining Wall with Cohesive Backfill

For the stability analysis of the reinforced earth retaining wall with cohesive backfill, this paper assumes that the state of failure surface is circular sliding surface and the bearing capacity is straight line relation with capacity and length of the reinforcement strip. These formulas agree with actual state of the reinforced earth retaining wall with cohesive backfill and result in saving reinforcement material in the design.     

车辆行驶记录仪及研究现状

概述了车辆行驶记录仪的原理、组成和功能,介绍了国内外车辆行驶记录仪的发展以及应用情况,阐述了现有记录仪的缺陷和不足,并对记录仪的发展趋势进行了展望。     

La3+,Ce3+对厌氧颗粒污泥在不同VFA底物中的产甲烷促进效应

采用静态实验研究了分别添加O.05mg·L^-1La^3＋和Ce^3＋对不同来源和保存状况条件下不同VFA底物的厌氧颗粒污泥产甲烷的影响。结果表明，乙酸为底物时加入Ce^3＋，丙酸加入La^3＋或Ce^3＋，乳酸加入La^3＋时都大大加快了反应初期污泥的产甲烷速率，且对比产甲烷活性SMA也有3％-8％的提高；O.05mg·L^-1La^3＋或Ce^3＋的加入使污泥利用丙酸的速度加快，对于厌氧反应器的恢复运行有一定的实际意义。甲酸为底物时，La^3＋，Ce^3＋的加入对污泥产甲烷曲线形状没有影响，对SMA则分别降低了9.21％和3.37％；乙酸添加La^3＋在反应初期明显降低了产甲烷速率，但SMA并未降低。厌氧颗粒污泥经长时间低温存放后，原来对其SMA有提高作用的稀土浓度此时可能会作用不明显甚至会降低SMA；低浓度稀土离子对污泥产甲烷活性产生抑制作用时，相同质量浓度下Ce^3＋比La^3＋对污泥的抑制作用小；驯化培养过程有利于污泥对稀土的适应。     

基于DEM模型的流域参数识别方法研究

探讨了利用数学高程模型识别流域分水线、确定坡面水流方向以及计算流域参数的方法。通过实验流域的数据验证 ,表明该法能正确计算流域的有关参数 ,自动勾绘流域分水线 ,确定坡面水流方向。从而为分布式水文物理模型的研制提供坚实的基础     

碱法草浆造纸蒸煮黑液厌氧生物降解及其主要微生物类群研究

采用中温(35±1℃)UASB AF相结合的反应器处理碱法草浆造纸蒸煮黑液,设计了两种试验方案。试验方案Ⅰ-碱法草浆黑液酸化后进行厌氧发酵,Ⅰ号反应器内装陶粒。试验方案Ⅱ-黑液用化学法(HCl)去除木质素后进行厌氧发酵,Ⅱ号反应器内装软填料。进行HRT、有机负荷和有机污染物(COD_(cr)、BOD_5)去除效率、沼气产气率相关性试验。在厌氧发酵稳态运行条件下,采用Hungate厌氧操作技术,MPN计数法对UASB AF反应器内厌氧污泥中的主要微生物类群区系组成进行了生态分析研究。