盐胁迫对膜荚黄芪种子萌发的影响

为了保护并开发膜荚黄芪,同时改良盐碱地,研究了3种不同盐（中性盐NaCl、碱性盐Na₂CO₃和复盐）对膜荚黄芪种子发芽率、发芽势、抗氧化酶活性、丙二醛含量、可溶性蛋白质含量和相对电导率的影响。结果表明,不同盐胁迫对膜荚黄芪种子的影响不同,随着盐浓度的增加,黄芪种子的发芽率和发芽势逐渐降低;低浓度的NaCl和复盐可提高抗氧化酶活性,Na₂CO₃处理随着其浓度增加对抗氧化酶活性的抑制作用增强;各处理均增大了丙二醛含量和相对电导率;NaCl和复盐处理降低了膜荚黄芪种子可溶性蛋白含量,Na₂CO₃处理的可溶性蛋白含量随盐浓度增加而增加,综合各项指标可得同等盐浓度条件下胁迫作用由强到弱为Na₂CO₃>NaCl>复盐。     

黄芪多糖和丁酸梭菌对蛋雏鸭生长性能、血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮中添加黄芪多糖和丁酸梭菌及其复合剂对蛋雏鸭生长性能和血清生化指标的影响。选取1日龄健康绍兴公鸭600只，随机分为5组，每组6个重复，每个重复20只。Ⅰ组饲喂基础日粮（对照组），Ⅱ~Ⅴ组分别在基础日粮中添加40 mg/kg的杆菌肽锌（抗生素组）、800 mg/kg的黄芪多糖、250 mg/kg丁酸梭菌、800 mg/kg黄芪多糖+250 mg/kg丁酸梭菌复合剂，试验期为28 d。结果显示：①1~14日龄时，各组平均日增重（ADG）、平均日采食量（ADFI）和料重比（F/G）差异均不显著（P>0.05）。15~21日龄时，与Ⅰ、Ⅱ组相比，Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组ADG显著提高（P<0.05）、F/G显著降低（P<0.05）；22~28日龄时，Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组ADG显著高于Ⅰ组（P<0.05）；Ⅴ组ADFI显著高于其他组（P<0.05），Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组F/G显著低于Ⅰ、Ⅱ组（P<0.05）。1~28日龄时，与Ⅰ、Ⅱ组相比，Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组ADG显著提高（P<0.05）、F/G显著降低（P<0.05）。②试验第28天时，与Ⅰ组相比，Ⅴ组三碘甲状腺原氨酸（T3）含量显著提高（P<0.05）；Ⅲ、Ⅴ组甲状腺素（T4）、生长激素（GH）含量显著提高（P<0.05）；各组间血清皮质醇（CORT）含量无显著差异（P>0.05）；Ⅳ、Ⅴ组白细胞介素-2（IL-2）显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ组（P<0.05）。Ⅲ、Ⅴ组干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）显著高于其他组（P<0.05）。综上所述，日粮中添加黄芪多糖和丁酸梭菌可一定程度上提高蛋雏公鸭生长性能，改善血清生化指标，黄芪多糖和丁酸梭菌复合添加效果优于单独添加。     

膜荚黄芪根水浸液对4种作物种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

通过室内生物测定法,研究了黄芪根水浸液对4种作物种子萌发及幼苗生长的化感影响。结果表明,黄芪根水浸液对4种作物种子萌发及幼苗生长均有明显的化感作用,其中根受到的化感抑制大于地上部分,种子萌发阶段受到的化感抑制大于幼苗生长阶段。不同受体的发芽势、最长根长和根冠比受到的化感抑制最强。4种作物的化感敏感性为小麦>板蓝根>大麦>大豆。因此,选择与黄芪轮作、套作的作物时,优先选择大豆和大麦,其次为板蓝根。     

加格达奇市黄芪种植地土壤形态描述及适宜性分析

黄芪(Astragalus membranaceus)因其药用价值高近年来被大量、无节制采挖,致使野生黄芪资源几近枯竭。探究黄芪适宜生长的土壤,将为人工驯化黄芪提供一定的科学依据。本研究以加格达奇市连续多年人工种植黄芪的土壤为研究对象,系统分析了2个典型土壤剖面的形态特征及土壤养分。结果表明：表层土壤结构疏松,孔隙度较大,土壤颜色较深,干态为黑棕色,润态为黑色;淀积层及母质层土壤结构坚实,孔隙度较小,土壤颜色随着层次加深,颜色逐渐变黄、变棕。表层土壤质地肥沃,多以壤土为主;表层有机质含量高,分别为122.07、110.09 g/kg,占其整个土壤剖面有机质含量的52%和82%,土壤剖面有机质随土层深度的增加呈现一个骤降的趋势;表层土壤全氮含量较高,分别为6.58、8.87 g/kg,而土壤全磷含量较低,主要分布于土壤表层,表层土壤的全磷含量分别为0.07、1.01 g/kg,土壤酸碱度在pH 5.11~6.35之间。黄芪适应生长土壤质地疏松,土壤温度状况为寒冻性、土壤水分状况为湿润,土壤肥沃,表层土壤有机质含量高,全氮含量也较高,而全磷含量较低,土壤呈弱酸性至中性。     

黄芪皂苷三种提取方法对黄芪甲苷含量的影响

用薄层扫描法测定并比较三种不同皂苷提取方法对黄芪甲苷含量的影响。分别采用大孔树脂吸附法、正丁醇萃取法和KOH回流提取法制备供试品。以氯仿-甲醇-水为展开系统,薄层扫描法测定黄芪甲苷含量。结果显示,大孔树脂吸附法、正丁醇萃取法和KOH回流提取法三种方法提取物中黄芪甲苷平均含量分别为0．07768％,0．05578％,0．06953％。结果显示大孔树脂法提取黄芪所得黄芪甲苷含量较高。     

黄芪多糖佐剂对鸡禽流感-新城疫重组二联苗免疫效果的影响

将1日龄健康罗曼雏鸡80只随机分为4组,每组20只。分别于1日龄皮下注射生理盐水以及不同剂量的黄芪多糖,连续7d,于7、14、21、28、35、42、49、56日龄采血,检测AI和ND抗体效价,探讨黄芪多糖的免疫佐剂效果。试验结果表明,各组黄芪多糖均能提高AI—HI和ND-HI抗体效价。其中中剂量组抗体高峰期持续时间长。免疫后期有较高延长抗体存在的趋势,具有较好的免疫辅助效果。     

Immunomodulatory effect of γ‐irradiated Astragalus polysaccharides on immunosuppressed broilers

In this study, we irradiated Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) using 25 kGy ⁶⁰Co γ ray to obtain γ‐irradiated Astragalus polysaccharides (IAPS) and then investigated the effects of IAPS on growth performance and immune function of cyclophosphamide (CPM)‐treated broilers. The physicochemical properties of APS and IAPS (molecular weight, water solubility, viscosity, morphological and structural properties) were evaluated. Then, 384 one‐day‐old Arbor Acres broiler chicks with similar initial weight were randomly assigned into 6 groups: the non‐treated group (control), and CPM‐treated groups were fed either a basal diet or the diets containing 900 mg/kg APS, or 900, 600, 300 mg/kg IAPS, respectively. On days 16, 18, and 20, all broilers except for the control group were intramuscularly injected with 0.5 ml CPM (40 mg/kg·BW). Broilers in the control group were intramuscularly injected with 0.5 ml sterilized saline (0.75%, wt/vol). This trial lasted for 21 days. The physicochemical treatment showed that γ irradiation could decrease the molecular weight and viscosity, and increase the water solubility of APS (p < 0.05), whereas the structural properties of APS was not affected. In the animal trial, 900 mg/kg APS or 900, 600 mg/kg IAPS relieved the decreased growth performance, thymus index, T lymphocytes proliferation, serum IgG concentration, NOS activity and the increased blood heterophil:lymphocyte ratio in CPM‐treated broilers (p < 0.05). CPM‐induced decreases in B lymphocytes proliferation and serum IgM concentration were only increased by IAPS at 900 mg/kg (p < 0.05). Overall, both APS and IAPS alleviated CPM‐induced immunosuppression. Especially, IAPS possessed better immunomodulatory effect than APS, indicating that γ irradiation could be used as an effective method to enhance the immunomodulatory activity of APS.     

Effect of astragalus polysaccharides on expression of MMP2 and MMP9 in annulus fibrosus of cervical intervertebral discs from cervical spondylosis model rats

AIM: To investigate the effect of astragalus polysaccharides (AP) on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and MMP9 in the annulus fibrosus of cervical intervertebral discs from cervical spondylosis model rats. METHODS: The model rats were randomly divided into model group (M group), and low-dose and high-dose AP treatment groups (L-AP and H-AP groups). The rats in sham operation group were used as negative control group (NC group). In addition, all the annulus fibrosus tissues were used for primary cell culture. Histological analysis was performed using HE staining and Safranin O staining. The expression of MMP2, MMP9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP2) and collagen Ⅳ at mRNA and protein levels was analyzed by immunohistochemistry, Western blot and RT-qPCR. Cell-collagen adhesion assay was used to detect annulus fibrosus cell-collagen adhesion. RESULTS: The intervertebral discs of M group were degenerated, while astragalus polysaccharide improved the degenerative disc disease in the rats with cervical spondylosis. Compared with NC group, the expression of MMP2 and MMP9 in the annulus fibrosus tissues of M group increased significantly, while the expression of TIMP2 and collagen Ⅳ was decreased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with M group, the expression of MMP2 and MMP9 in L-AP group and H-AP group was significantly decreased, while the expression of TIMP2 and collagen Ⅳ was significantly increased (P<0.05). The cell-collagen adhesion in M group was significantly lower than that in NC group (P<0.05). Compared with M group, the cell-collagen adhesion in L-AP group and H-AP group was increased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with NC group, the expression of MMP2 and MMP9 in annulus fibrosus cells of M group was increased significantly, while the expression of TIMP2 and collagen Ⅳ was decreased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with M group, the expression levels of MMP2 and MMP9 in L-AP group and H-AP group of fibrocytes were significantly decreased, while the expression of TIMP2 and collagen Ⅳ was significantly increased (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Astragalus polysaccharides inhibit the expression of MMP2 and MMP9 in the annulus fibrosus of cervical intervertebral discs from cervical spondylosis model rats and regulate the dynamic balance of MMPs and TIMPs in the extracellular matrix, thus inhibiting the degradation of collagen in the intervertebral disc matrix and having the potential research value for the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration.     

酵母硒、黄芪多糖及其复合剂对半番鸭生长性能、肉品质和抗氧化能力的影响

本文旨在研究酵母硒、黄芪多糖及其复合剂对半番鸭生长性能、肉品质和抗氧化能力的影响。从同一批饲养的22日龄半番鸭中挑选出体重相近的144只,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复12只鸭,试验期为49 d。采用2×2因子水平设计,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ组饲喂基础饲粮+0.3%酵母硒,试验Ⅱ组饲喂基础饲粮+300 mg/kg黄芪多糖,试验Ⅲ组饲喂基础饲粮+复合剂(300 mg/kg黄芪多糖+0.3%酵母硒)。试验期间测定生长性能指标,并于70日龄每组随机选择12只(每重复4只)进行屠宰,测定其胸肌肉品质和抗氧化指标。结果显示:1)试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组平均日增重、平均日采食量及料重比与对照组相比差异均不显著(P0.05);试验Ⅲ组平均日增重显著高于对照组(P0.05),平均日采食量和料重比与对照组无显著差异(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组24 h p H均显著或极显著提高(P0.05或P0.01),48 h滴水损失率、蒸煮损失率、剪切力显著或极显著降低(P0.05或P0.01);试验Ⅲ组肉色红度(a*)值显著提高(P0.05);试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组肉色黄度(b*)值均显著降低(P0.05)。3)试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组24~120 h的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性及总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)均显著或极显著高于对照组(P0.05或P0.01);试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组48~120 h和72~120 h的丙二醛(M DA)含量分别显著或极显著低于对照组(P0.05或P0.01),试验Ⅲ组24~120 h的MDA含量极显著低于对照组(P0.01)。随储存时间延长,各组SOD、GSH-Px活性和T-AOC均呈下降趋势,MDA含量则呈上升趋势,但3个试验组各抗氧化指标的变化速度比对照组缓慢。4)酵母硒和黄芪多糖对肌肉24 h p H、剪切力、24~120 h的SOD活性、48~120 h的GSH-Px活性、120 h的M DA含量有显著或极显著交互作用(P0.05或P0.01)。由此可见,酵母硒、黄芪多糖均可改善半番鸭肌肉品质和提高抗氧化能力,降低脂质过氧化程度,有效延长货架期,且二者对于肌肉抗氧化、p H和嫩度改善均具有明显的协同效应。     

Influence of Bcl-2 inhibitor on Astragalus injection-reduced expression of caspase-3 in rat hippocampal neurons with oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation

AIM: To observe the influence of Bcl-2 inhibitor on the expression of caspase-3 reduced by Astra-galus injection in rat hippocampal neurons with oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R). METHODS: The primary rat hippocampal neurons cultured in vitro for 8 d were chosen and randomly divided into 6 groups: normal control group, model group (OGD/R group), Astragalus injection group, Astragalus injection solvent (sterile deionized water)group, Bcl-2 inhibitor group and Bcl-2 inhibitor with Astragalus injection group. The cells in all groups were tested 24 h after they were treated with reoxygenation after deprived of oxygen and glucose for 30 min except normal control group. The cell type and rate of positive cells were observed by immunohistochemistry. The protein levels of Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3 in the hippocampal neurons were measured by Western blotting. The mRNA expression of caspase-3 was detected by RT-PCR. RESULTS: Compared with normal control group, the caspase-3 positive rate of the cells, the protein levels of Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3, and the mRNA expression of caspase-3 in model group enhanced significantly (P < 0.05). Compared with model group, the expression of Bcl-2 in Astragalus injection group obviously enhanced, while the caspase-3 positive rate of the cells, the protein level of cleaved caspase-3 and the mRNA expression of caspase-3 in the Astragalus injection group decreased significantly (P < 0.05). No significant difference in injection solvent group, Bcl-2 inhibitor group and Bcl-2 inhibitor with Astragalus injection group was observed (P > 0.05). The expression of Bcl-2 was decreased sharply in Bcl-2 inhibitor group and Bcl-2 inhibitor with Astragalus injection group. CONCLUSION: Bcl-2 inhibitor antagonizes the inhibitory effect of Astragalus injection on caspase-3 expression in rat hippocamal neurons with OGD/R, which may be one of the possible target for the inhibitory action of Astragalus injection on the apoptosis of rat hippocampal neurons induced by OGD/R.