水生蔬菜加工的现状及建议

水生蔬菜是我国特有的蔬菜,其产业的发展随着我国经济水平的提高而增强,而加工被认为是整个产业发展的重要环节。本文就水生蔬菜的加工进展作详细的论述,同时对水生蔬菜的发展提出了一些建设性的建议。     

多环芳烃在水生环境食物链中的研究进展

多环芳烃是广泛存在于食物链和自然环境中的有机污染物,是目前环境科学领域及全球变化研究的热点内容之一,对水生环境食物链中多环芳烃的富集及转化过程进行系统地总结有助于未来相关研究的开展。基于此,对水生环境食物链中的多环芳烃研究进展进行了综述,介绍了多环芳烃在水生环境食物链中的分布及来源,重点总结了影响多环芳烃在食物链中富集和转化的影响因素,综述了目前多环芳烃在食物链中的风险评估方法,并提出了水生系统食物链中多环芳烃研究的不足。     

Comparison of Growth and Yield Performance of Several Water Chestnut Species Collected from Southwestern Japan and Middle China

Summary

Vegetative growth characters and yield components of water chestnuts distributed in Japan and China were investigated for 12 local lines of 6 species ; i.e., 5 small and 2 medium fruit lines from Japan, and 5 large fruit lines from China. The materials were transplanted and grown in a flooded field usually used for rice cultivation in Saga City in 1995. The lines from China had higher rates of foliage formation, developed emersed leaves earlier and maintained them longer compared with the Japanese lines. The small fruit lines of Japan had the shortest growing period, although the number of rosettes was larger. The fruit yield of the small, medium and large fruit lines, was 250 to 400 g m^?2, about 600 g m^?2 and 600 to 1,000 g m^?2, respectively. The fresh weight of well-ripened fruit was 1 to 5 g for the small fruit lines, 5 to 10 g for the medium fruit lines and more than 10 g for the large fruit lines. The number of fruits per m2 increased as the fruit size of the lines decreased. However, the productivity of the water chestnut was higher in the large fruit lines than in the small or medium fruit lines.     

Variation in Growth and Yield Performance of Seventeen Water Chestnut Accessions (Trapa spp.) Collected from Asia and Europe

Abstract

Water chestnut is an aquatic annual herb, and its fresh, edible fruit is a valuable crop. The huge variation in growth and yield of water chestnuts has not been well documented. In this study, the yield performance of 17 water chestnut lines, eight from China (Trapa acornis L., T. bicornis L., T. bispinosa Roxb, T. quadrispinosa Roxb), one from France (T. natans L.), one from India (T. bispinosa Roxb.), three from Italy (T. natans L.), three from Japanese (T. incisa L., T. japonica Flerov, T. natans.L. var. rubeola Makino), and one from Korean (T. japonica Flerov.) were cultivated in Saga City, Japan during the summer, 2005, and the morphological characters of their fruit were analyzed. European lines were early flowering, but had a lower yield due to poor canopy density and lower rosette density. All the Asian lines had a higher rosette density. In spite of the smaller number of fruits per rosette, the Chinese lines had a higher yield than the other lines because the fruit was larger. The yield performance of the Indian line was similar to that of the Chinese lines. The Korean and Japanese lines produced a large number of small fruits per unit land area. Apart from the variation in fruit size, a huge variation in shape including the height, width and the spines were observed. Path analysis revealed that productive rosette number m-² and the single fresh fruit weight are two direct yield determinants while number of fruits per rosette has indirect negative influence on yield via productive rosette number and single fruit weight.     

酶联免疫(ELISA)法测定水产品中呋喃唑酮代谢物AOZ的残留

采用MaxsignalTM AOZ快速检测试剂盒检测水产品中呋喃唑酮代谢物。通过对精密度、回收率和检测限等项目的测定，验证了方法的可行性。呋喃唑酮代谢物标准液在0．05ng／mL～4．5ng／mL范围内具有良好的线性，微孔板孔间变异系数为3．2％～7．7％。样品批内变异系数为5．2％～8．4％，批间变异系数为6．3％～8．9％，平均回收率为94．5％～98．4％。试剂盒的理论检测下限为0．05μg／Kg。该方法灵敏度高，重复性好，适用于水产品中呋喃唑酮代谢物残留的检测。     

Effects of Sodium and Calcium on Acute Toxicity of Un-ionized Ammonia to Atlantic Salmon and Lake Trout

Acute, static 6-hour toxicity tests were conducted on two sizes each of lake trout and Atlantic salmon in the presence of three levels each of NaCl and CaCl₂. Calcium did not protect smolts from NH₃ toxicity but had no effect on the tolerance of Atlantic salmon fry to NH₃. Both cations increased the tolerance of 8-g lake trout fingerlings to NH₃, but neither significantly affected the toxicity of NH₃ to 0.9-g lake trout fry. These results suggest that the mitigating effects of solution cations of NH₃ toxicity may be related to species, size, and life stage.     

网络视频传输技术在水产病害在线诊断与咨询系统中的应用

随着网络技术的飞速发展，网络的应用越来越广泛。视频传输技术，视频流控制技术，带宽技术等新技术的应用，实现了视频和音频等连续媒体在网络中的传输。本文叙述网络视频传输技术在水产病害在线诊断与咨询系统中的应用。     

Effects of nonindigenous tadpoles on native tadpoles in Florida: evidence of competition

The impacts of nonindigenous species on native ecosystems can be severe, sometimes leading to the extinction of native taxa. Interspecific competition is a potential mechanism of negative impact of invasive species, but few studies have conclusively demonstrated competition between native and nonindigenous taxa. In this study I used experimental manipulations to examine the competitive effects of the larvae of two widely introduced anurans, the cane toad, Bufo marinus, and the Cuban treefrog, Osteopilus septentrionalis, on the growth and development of the larvae of two native anurans (the southern toad, Bufo terrestris, and the green treefrog, Hyla cinerea). The presence of O. septentrionalis larvae consistently impacted growth and development of native larvae, resulting in reduced growth rates and delayed metamorphosis of both native species and smaller mass at metamorphosis of B. terrestris. Hyla cinerea larvae transformed at greater body masses when reared with the rapidly transforming nonindigenous species as a result of competitive release. The negative effects of O. septentrionalis on native larvae were generally significant whether native tadpoles were exposed to O. septentrionalis alone or in combination with B. marinus. In contrast, B. marinus tadpoles did not significantly impact the growth or development of either native species. Neither nonindigenous species significantly decreased the survivorship of native larvae, although a trend toward decreased survivorship was evident for H. cinerea. These results suggest that nonindigenous larval anurans may adversely impact native tadpole communities as a result of interspecific competition.