柠檬酸对高岭石中铝、硅释放的影响

采用间歇法(batch method)模拟研究柠檬酸对水淋洗下高岭石铝、硅释放的影响.结果表明:柠檬酸能显著促进高岭石Al和Si的释放,且Al、Si的释放能力随柠檬酸浓度的增加而增强;高岭石溶解同步性与柠檬酸浓度有关,随着柠檬酸浓度的提高,其溶解的同步性增强,且反应前期高岭石都表现为Al的优先释放,而在反应后期Al、Si趋于同步释放.柠檬酸对高岭石的溶解速率一般较无机酸高1个数量级左右,且其溶解速率表现出对柠檬酸浓度的饱合性.     

富营养化湖泊沉积物磷释放特点及水生植物对其的影响

湖泊富营养化是一个全球性的环境问题,磷是湖泊富营养化的最主要的限制性因子之一.综述了富营养化湖泊沉积物中磷的化学形态、释放规律及其影响因素,并讨论了水生植物对湖泊内源磷释放的影响机制.     

贵州省植烟土壤氮素释放特征研究(Ⅲ)--不同栽培措施对黔南烟区烤烟质量的影响

烤烟生长后期土壤氮素供应不同将导致烤烟上部叶品质差异,试验表明,不同处理的上部叶总氮和烟碱含量差异显著,提前起高垄深移栽盖膜处理上部叶总氮和烟碱含量最接近优质烤烟标准.     

瓦埠湖沉积物氮的赋存特征以及环境因子对NH_4~+-N释放的影响

采用现场采样和室内测试的方法，研究了瓦埠湖沉积物各层的TN、NH4^＋-N、NO3^--N的赋存特征。结果发现，TN上层比底层低，随着沉积深度的增加，硝化作用相对减弱，NO3^-N随着沉积深度的增加而减少，NH4^＋-N的含量随着沉积深度的增加而增加。pH〈9时，pH对NH4^＋-N释放的影响规律不是很明显，pH〉9时，NH4^＋-N释放随着pH的增加而增加。随着温度的升高，NH4^＋-N的释放量增大。好氧、厌氧条件下，NH4^＋-N都有释放，且在好氧条件下NH4^＋-N呈低释放状态，厌氧状态下NH4^＋-N呈高释放状态。     

半包膜全程控释肥料养分释放规律及对水稻生长效应的研究

半包膜全程控释肥料是以专用有机膜将肥料中N、P、K有效成分的一半包被起来，使被包膜的养分成为控释性膜态养分，从而形成速效与缓效相结合的全程控释肥料。试验研究了半包膜全程控释肥料的养分释放规律及其对水稻生长效应的影响。结果表明：全程控释肥料在水稻生育前期和中期有两个释放高峰，全程供肥平稳，与水稻吸肥规律基本吻合，比对照增产29.5％；比生物菌肥加自配混合肥增产11．2％。     

催乳素释放肽的研究进展

综述了PrRP及其受体在体内的分布与表达、PrRP在调控相关激素分泌活动方面的生物学活性,同时也总结了PrRP对动物睡眠和摄食活动的影响。     

捕食螨防冶叶螨示范总结

为了有效防治农作物害螨，减少化学农药对生态环境和农产品的污染，我们从福建省农科院引进捕食螨进行试验，以期了解捕食螨对本地气侯、土壤环境的适应性，了解捕食螨的治螨效果，掌握捕食螨的释放方式，为大面积示范推广提供依据。     

控释肥料的研究动态与展望

控释肥料已经成为国内外肥料界研究的焦点。作者在文中回顾了近年来控释肥料养分释放特征的研究与实际应用概况 ,并展望了今后控释肥料的研究方向。     

Study of Dynamics of Floodwater Nitrogen and Regulation of Its Runoff Loss in Paddy Field-Based Two-Cropping Rice with Urea and Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer Application

The article deals with the effects of urea and controlled release nitrogen fertilizer （CRNF） on dynamics of pH, electronic conductivity （EC）, total nitrogen （TN）, NH4^＋-N and NO3 -N in floodwater, and the regulation of runoff TN loss from paddy field-based two-cropping rice in Dongting Lake, China, and probes the best fertilization management for controlling N loss. Studies were conducted through modeling alluvial sandy loamy paddy soil （ASP） and purple calcareous clayey paddy soil （PCP） using lysimeter, following the sequence of the soil profiles identified by investigating soil profile. After application of urea in paddy field-based two-cropping rice, TN and NHa＋-N concentrations in floodwater reached peak on the 1st and the 3rd day, respectively, and then decreased rapidly over time; all the floodwater NO3--N concentrations were very low; the pH of floodwater gradually rose in case of early rice within 15 d （late rice within 3 d） after application of urea, and EC remained consistent with the dynamics of NH4^＋-N. The applied CRNF, especially 70% CRNF, led to significantly lower floodwater TN and NH4^＋ concentrations, pH, and EC values compared with urea within 15 d after application. The monitoring result for N loss due to natural rainfall runoff indicated that the amount of TN lost in runoff from paddy field- based two-cropping rice with urea application in Dongting Lake area was 7.47 kg ha^-1, which accounted for 2.49% of urea- N applied, and that with CRNF and 70% CRNF application decreased 24.5 and 27.2% compared with urea application, respectively. The two runoff events, which occurred within 20 d after application, contributed significantly to TN loss from paddy field. TN loss due to the two runoffs in urea, CRNF, and 70% CRNF treatments accounted for 72, 70, and 58% of the total TN loss due to runoff over the whole rice growth season, respectively. And the TN loss in these two CRNF treatments due to the first run-off event at the 10th day after application to early rice decreased 44.9 and 44.2% compared with urea, respectively. In conclusion, the 15-d period after application of urea was the critical time during which N loss occurred due to high floodwater N concentrations. But CRNF decreased N concentrations greatly in floodwater and runoff water during this period. As a result, it obviously reduced TN loss in runoff over the whole rice growth season.     

西湖沉积物磷释放影响因子的研究

在实验室模拟条件下，研究了不同碱度，不同搅动情况下西湖沉积物磷的释放情况。同时还测定了沉积物中磷的形态分布和间隙水中可溶性磷的含量。结果表明，湖水的碱度提高可促进沉积物磷的释放。在蒸馏水体系中，沉积物４小时的释放量小于检测限；在碱度为１０＾－１￣１０＾－４ｍｏｌ·Ｌ＾－１的Ｎａ２ＣＯ３／ＮａＨＣＯ３体系中，沉积物磷的释放量为８．０￣９．０μｇ／ｇ。在蒸馏水和ＮａＨＣＯ３体系中，沉积物磷的释放量均为