山羊胎期肺发育的形态学研究

对3～22周龄山羊胎儿肺进行了肉眼、光镜和透射电镜观察，结果表明：1．7～22周龄山羊胎儿肺的外部形态与胎龄无关，肺的外部形态以左二右四叶者为多见．肺的叶间裂和右肺副裂常不完整，以浆膜、肺组织或混合性组织(肺组织及浆膜)融合；2．山羊胎儿肺的发育分为5个时期：胚胎期(3～5周)肺芽分支形成主支气管，主支气管长度不断增长并萌芽出叶支气管，均衬以假复层柱状上皮。腺状期(6～12周)以支气管树发育为主，小支气管衬以假复层和／或单层柱状上皮；终蕾呈腺状，上皮细胞由假复层柱状逐渐变为单层柱状，胞核向细胞顶端移行；终蕾上皮细胞游离面可见短小的微绒毛；线粒体、粗面内质网及核糖体随着胎龄增加而逐渐增多，它们均位于细胞顶部。小管期(13～14周)以呼吸部发育为主，原始肺泡开始形成，呼吸性细支气管衬以未分化的立方上皮；终蕾腺状结构逐渐消失，终蕾上皮细胞由高矮不等的单层柱状上皮逐渐演变为立方形的原始肺泡上皮；细胞游离面可见较多的微绒毛，胞质内线粒体、粗面内质网及核糖体较发达。囊状期(第15周)呼吸部发育显著，肺内细支气管及其末端呈现出“充气”状态；部分原始肺泡上皮细胞分化为扁平的肺泡Ⅰ型细胞和立方形的肺泡Ⅱ型细胞；Ⅱ型细胞内出现嗜锇小体。肺泡期(16～22周)以肺泡的形成和分化为主，更多的肺泡上皮分化为扁平的肺泡Ⅰ型细胞和立方形的肺泡Ⅱ型细胞。此期，毛细血管内皮与部分肺泡上皮贴近，可将肺泡上皮细胞区分为3种：Ⅰ型细胞，呈矮柱状或椭圆形，胞质中有较明显的核糖体、扩张内质网及变性线粒体；形成了由Ⅰ型细胞一基膜一内皮细胞组成的气血屏障。Ⅱ型细胞，胞质内含丰富的嗜锇板层小体和核糖体，内质网扩张呈大小不一的泡状，多泡体出现，线粒体膨大变性，细胞游离面可见少数微绒毛。Ⅲ型细胞，为未分化细胞，呈立方形，胞体较小，胞核相对较大，呈圆或椭圆形，胞质少，呈带状．电子密度低，细胞器少。     

Effect of Psammaplin A on in vitro Development of Bovine Aging Oocytes

To investigate the effect of histone deacetylation inhibitor Psammaplin A (PsA) on the development of bovine aging oocytes in vitro,oocytes were randomly divided into control group,aging group and 50 mmol/L PsA treated aging group (PsA group).Immunofluorescence staining and JC-1 were used to detect the blastocyst rate of bovine oocytes after parthenogenetic activation,the number of cells in blastocysts,apoptosis,reactive oxygen species (ROS),glutathione (GSH) and mitochondrial membrane potential intensity of embryos.The results showed that the blastocyst rate of the aging group was significantly lower than that of PsA and control groups (P<0.05).The blastocyst rate of PsA group was not significantly different from that of control group (P>0.05).The number of cells in the blastocysts of control group and PsA group were significantly higher than that of aging group (P<0.05).The number of cells in the blastocysts of PsA group was not significantly different from that of control group (P>0.05).The apoptosis rate in aging group was significantly higher than that of control and PsA groups (P<0.05),the apoptosis rate of PsA group was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05).The GSH level of MⅡ oocytes in aging group was significantly lower than that of control and PsA groups (P<0.05).There was no significant difference in GSH level between control and PsA groups (P>0.05).The ROS level of the embryos in aging group was significantly higher than that of control and PsA groups (P<0.05).The ROS level in PsA group was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05).The mitochondrial membrane potential of early embryos of aging group 4-8 cells was significantly lower than that of control and PsA groups (P<0.05).The mitochondrial membrane potential intensity of control group was significantly higher than that of PsA group (P<0.05).In summary,PsA could effectively delay the aging of bovine oocytes and improve the quality of oocytes.     

线粒体电子传递链复合物Ⅲ和线粒体疾病

线粒体是细胞内不可或缺的细胞器,它合成细胞所需90%以上的能量。线粒体疾病多为遗传性罕见病,但其致死性强且致病机理还不清晰。电子传递链复合物Ⅲ是电子传递的重要载体,与呼吸链上其他复合物相比,其与线粒体疾病的联系并不是很清楚。随着人们对复合物Ⅲ组装过程研究的不断深入,多个致病基因不断被发现,使得人们重新审视其与线粒体疾病的关系。本综述以近年来复合物Ⅲ的研究进展为基础,分析并总结了相关线粒体疾病的发病机理和未来的研究方向。     

呫吨酮衍生物XP-15对BEL-7402细胞线粒体膜电位的影响

目的 :探讨呫吨酮并吡啶衍生物9-(2-吗啡啉乙酰胺基)-7H-吡啶并[4,3-c]呫吨-7-酮(XP-15)对BEL-7402细胞线粒体膜电位的影响。方法:通过MTT法、细胞形态学和克隆实验观察XP-15对BEL-7402细胞增殖的影响;用荧光分光光度计检测线粒体膜电位的影响。结果:高剂量的XP-15能明显抑制BEL-7402细胞增殖(P<0.05);对BEL-7402细胞克隆的抑制作用,呈剂量和时间依赖性。XP-15作用后,BEL-7402细胞的线粒体膜电位降低(P<0.05)。结论:XP-15诱导BEL-7402细胞凋亡的作用,可能与其降低线粒体膜电位有关。     

铜对大鼠肝细胞活性、自由基代谢及细胞膜电位的影响

通过建立大鼠肝细胞的铜胁迫模型,旨在讨论不同剂量的铜对大鼠肝细胞活性、自由基代谢及细胞膜电位的影响。以硫酸铜为试验铜源,6个不同铜质量浓度(以Cu2+计):0,50,100,200,400,800mg/L,分别加入培养液培养BRL-3A细胞24和48h后,测定不同Cu2+质量浓度、不同处理时间后细胞自由基产生、抗氧化酶活性及细胞膜电位变化。结果显示,处理质量浓度低于400 mg/L时,细胞增殖活性差异不显著(P0.05),处理质量浓度为400,800mg/L时,细胞活性下降(P0.05);处理质量浓度低于400 mg/L时,Cu2+质量浓度与细胞内T-SOD、GSH-Px、CP活性呈正相关,与MDA、NO含量呈负相关,质量浓度达400mg/L及以上质量浓度时,结果相反。随着Cu2+质量浓度的增加,细胞膜电位下降(P0.05)。以上结果表明,适量的铜含量对细胞内的抗氧化酶活性具有促进作用,但高铜可能促使细胞活性下降,自由基产生增多,细胞膜电位下降。     

种公猪精子活力与mtDNA拷贝数的关联

为探讨猪精子线粒体DNA拷贝数和精子活力高低关系,选取长白猪、大约克猪和杜洛克猪新鲜精液,采用上游法分离高、低活力精子,对其进行活力检测,后提取上、下游精子DNA,采用实时荧光定量PCR技术测定精子线粒体DNA(mtDNA)拷贝数。结果表明,上、下游精子活力差异显著(P0.05),活力高的精子mtDNA拷贝数显著低于活力低的mtDNA拷贝数(P0.05),长白猪的mtDNA拷贝数与杜洛克猪、大约克猪差异显著(P0.05)。由此可见,mtDNA拷贝数可能影响猪精子活力,不同品种猪mtDNA拷贝数差异显著。     

入侵性食叶害虫椰子织蛾的单倍型多样性分析

【目的】分析危害棕榈科Palmae植物的一种重要入侵食叶害虫椰子织蛾Opisina arenosella单倍型在原产地和入侵地的分布特点,揭示椰子织蛾入侵我国的虫源信息。【方法】利用线粒体COI基因分析16个地理种群共计172个样本,比较椰子织蛾印度种群和入侵地(中国、马来西亚和泰国)种群的遗传关系。【结果】片段长度为625 bp的172条序列共鉴定出12个单倍型,包含15个变异位点,构成2个明显的单倍型分支,其中一个分支由11个单倍型(IN1～IN11)组成,均来自印度种群,单倍型IN1是6个印度种群的共享单倍型,IN2～IN11为独享单倍型;另一个分支为单倍型HAP,由来自中国、马来西亚和泰国的种群共享;HAP与11个来自印度的单倍型IN1～IN11均存在4个变异位点。【结论】入侵地区的椰子织蛾种群来自同一基因型或者具有相同的入侵源;椰子织蛾种群入侵后受环境选择压力,在新栖息地产生新的突变或杂交。     

Effect of AIR on Inflammatory Reaction Infected by Brucella

In order to investigate the effect of AIR on inflammatory reaction infected by Brucellamelitensis (16M), the AIR domain of Tecpr1 gene of murine macrophages RAW264.7 were knocked down (I-A), overexpressed (O-A) and reversed (OA-IA). Using the chlorine fluorescein (DCFH-DA) as a probe, we detected the variation of ROS production and mitochondria distribution by confocal laser scanning microscopy. We observed the expression changes of NLRP3, ASC and Caspase-1 by qRT-PCR and the expression changes of IL-18,IL-1β and Caspase-1 in host cells by ELISA. The results showed that 16M could stimulate RAW264.7 cells to produce ROS by time-dependent pathway, and I-A group and O-A group showed more abnormal accumulation of mitochondrial. The results of qRT-PCR and ELISA suggested that it had effect on the expression levels of NLRP3, ASC,Caspase-1 and IL-18, IL-1β and Caspase-1 in cells of different groups. Those results indicated that with AIR gene deletion, the release amount of ROS changed, mitochondrial clustered abnormally, and AIR was closely related to the activation of inflammasomes and induction of inflammatory reactions.