Role of Akt signal pathway in inhibition of neuronal apoptosis by Chinese medicine Zuogui pill in adult rats treated with monosodium glutamate

AIM: To explore the role of Akt signal pathway in apoptosis of neural cells in adult rats treated with Zuogui Pill, a Chinese medicine. METHODS: Flowcytometry and Western blotting methods were used to investigate the changes of cellular apoptosis rate and Akt signal pathway. RESULTS: Monosodium glutamate (MSG) could increase cellular apoptosis rate and significantly restrained the phosphorylation of Akt (Ser473) and Akt (Thr308), and markedly increased the levels of phospho-FKHR (ser256), GSK-3β (Ser9) and PTEN. Zuogui Pill partly inhibited the above effects of MSG. CONCLUSION: Zuogui pill effectively inhibits the neural apoptosis induced by MSG, and Akt pathway is involved in the neuronal protection of Zuogui pill.     

中药成分对雏鸡外周血T淋巴细胞转化的影响

38 0只雏鸡随机分为 19组 ,于 11日龄试验组分别肌肉注射高、低剂量的当归多糖、黄芪多糖、板蓝根多糖、淫羊藿多糖、蜂胶多糖、淫羊藿黄酮、蜂胶黄酮、黄芪皂甙和人参皂甙等 9种中药成分 ,对照组注射同量生理盐水 ,每天 1次 ,连续 3d,于 14日龄用新城疫 系弱毒疫苗首免 ,2 8日龄二免。分别于 35、4 2、4 9和 5 6日龄心脏采血 ,监测 T淋巴细胞转化的动态变化。结果表明 ,所有中药成分均能显著促进 T淋巴细胞转化 ,并有一定的量效和时效关系     

枯草杆菌的淀粉酶基因在大肠杆菌中的表达

根据枯草杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)基因文库中的淀粉酶基因的碱基序列,设计引物。以枯草杆菌菌体DNA为模板,利用PCR扩增出分子量大约为2.3 kb的淀粉酶基因片段。借助于核酸内切酶和连接酶把该基因植入到pHMSXD1质粒中,构建pHMSXD2质粒载体。通过高压电击处理把载体植入到大肠杆菌(JM10)中并成功表达。该株大肠杆菌在酶基因表达后,其淀粉酶活力达到1.037 6 U/mL(LB培养液)和1.361 0 U/mL(矿物元素培养液),分别比原始的枯草杆菌的淀粉酶活力提高了46倍和286倍。     

AtSOS基因在紫花苜蓿中的表达及其耐盐性研究

本研究采用基因工程技术改良紫花苜蓿耐盐性,通过种植转基因耐盐紫花苜蓿达到改良土壤的目的。以紫花苜蓿子叶节为外植体,通过农杆菌介导法将来源于拟南芥的AtSOS1-AtSOS2-AtSOS3多基因表达载体导入阿尔冈金紫花苜蓿中,经PCR检测、抗除草剂筛选和RT-PCR鉴定,获得了能稳定表达的转基因株系。以转基因的紫花苜蓿和野生型紫花苜蓿为材料进行盐处理,每个处理重复3次,测定其生理生化指标、株高、Na⁺和K⁺含量、细胞膜透性、叶绿素含量。结果显示,在不同盐浓度处理下,所有植株的株高均有所增长,但在100和200 mmol·L^-1的NaCl处理下,转基因植株的长势显著高于野生型植株;随着处理时间的增加,所有植株的叶绿素含量均呈先上升后下降的趋势,且野生型植株叶绿素含量均低于转基因植株;在100和200 mmol·L^-1的NaCl处理下,转基因植株的细胞膜透性、超氧化物歧化酶活性和脯氨酸含量的增加量均小于野生型植株,而过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶活性和可溶性糖含量的增加量均大于野生型;各植株中丙二醛含量均下降,且野生型植株下降的更为明显;盐处理后,转基因植株根系中Na⁺的积累比野生型植株少,而K⁺的吸收多于野生型植株。转AtSOS基因的紫花苜蓿通过发挥AtSOS途径的作用,促进了植物体将细胞内的Na⁺外排,从而减轻盐胁迫对植物体的伤害,提高了转基因植株的耐盐性。     

Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes and Lipid Metabolism Signaling Pathways between Muscle and Fat Tissues in Broiler Chickens

In this study, signaling pathways and key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in lipid metabolism in muscle and fat tissues were investigated. Muscle and abdominal fat tissues were obtained from 35-day-old female broilers for RNA sequencing. DEGs between muscle and fat tissues were identified. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses of DEGs were performed. A total of 6130 DEGs were identified to be significantly enriched in 365 GO terms, most of which were involved in biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions in muscle and fat tissues. Three important lipid signaling pathways (pyruvate metabolism, the insulin signaling pathway, and the adipocytokine signaling pathway) were identified among the fat and muscle tissues of broilers. The key common DEGs in these pathways included phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 (PCK2), acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 alpha and beta (ACACA and ACACB), and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (AMPK) gene family. Hence, our findings revealed the pathways and key genes and gene families involved in the regulation of fat deposition in the muscle and fat tissues of broilers.     

Influence of paricalcitol on renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy

AIM: To investigate the effect of paricalcitol (P) on renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis and the underlying mechanisms in diabetic nephropathy (DN).METHODS: DN rat model was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin after fasting. The animals were randomly divided into 2 groups:the DN rats in paricalcitol-intervened group (group P) were injected intraperitoneally with paricalcitol dissolved in propylene glycol after the day when the model was induced successfully at a dose of 0.4 μg/kg (3 times a week); the DN rats in DN group (group D) were given isopyknic propylene glycol. Normal control group (group C) was also set up. The samples of blood, urine and renal tissue were collected after intervention of paricalcitol for 12 weeks. The biochemical indexes were measured. The renal tissues were used for pathologic observation and determining the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), Wnt-4, β-catenin and Klotho by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. In addition, the correlation among the above indexes was analyzed.RESULTS: (1) Scr, BUN and 24 h urine protein increased significantly in group D compared with group C, while decreased in group P compared with group D (P<0.05). (2) The area of renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis increased in group D compared with group C, while decreased in group P compared with group D (P<0.05). (3) The expression of Klotho decreased, while the expression of TGF-β1, Wnt-4 and β-catenin increased in group D compared with group C (P<0.05). Compared with group D, the expression of Klotho increased, while the expression of TGF-β1, Wnt-4 and β-catenin decreased in group P (P<0.05). (4) The expression of Klotho was negatively correlated with the fibrosis area, TGF-β1, Wnt-4 and β-catenin (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Paricalcitol inhibits renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis in DN by promoting the expression of renal Klotho, and inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway activation and TGF-β1 synthesis.     

Effects of Jiedu-Qingfei mixture on NF-κB and p38 MAPK pathways in lung tissues of rats with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection

AIM: To observe the therapeutic effect of Jiedu-Qingfei mixture on Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP)-infected rat lung tissues and to explore its mechanism. METHODS: SD rats (n=40) were randomly divided into 4 groups:blank control group, model group, Jiedu-Qingfei group and positive control group, with 10 rats in each group. The rats in experimental groups were slowly dripped with 1×10⁹ CFU/L MP solution into their nostrils for 4 d. One rat in each group was sacrificed for MP nucleic acid detection at the second day after inoculation, and the other rats were given gavage therapy. The rats in blank control group and model group were intragastrically given the same volume of normal saline, the rats in Jiedu-Qingfei group were given 8 mL/kg Jiedu-Qingfei mixture daily for 4 weeks, and the rats in psoitive control group were given dexmethasone sodium phosphate (0.5 mg·kg^-1·d^-1). After the experiment, the rats were killed. The serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected for detecting the levels of interleukin-12 (IL-12), IL-13 and TNF-α by ELISA. The right lung tissues were used for pathological observation and HE staining, while the left lung tissues were used to detect the expression of NF-κB p50, I-κBα and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) at mRNA and protein levels. RESULTS: The results of MP nucleic acid detection showed that all the rats except blank control group were MP nucleic acid positive, indicating that the rat model of MP infection was successfully established. On the 1st day of the treatment, the pathological scores of the lung tissues in model group and Jiedu-Qingfei group were significantly higher than those in blank control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the pathological scores of the lung tissues in mo-del group were significantly higher than those in blank control group and Jiedu-Qingfei group. The levels of IL-12 in the serum and BALF in model group were significantly lower than those in blank control group after MP infection (P<0.05), while those after treatment with Jiedu-Qingfei mixture were significantly higher than those in model group (P<0.05). The levels of IL-13 and TNF-α in the serum and BALF of MP-infected rats were increased significantly, while those after treatment with Jiedu-Qingfei mixture were significantly lower than those in model group (P<0.05). The mRNA expression levels of NF-κB p50 and p38 MAPK in model group were increased significantly (P<0.01). After treatment, the mRNA expression levels of NF-κB p50 and p38 MAPK were decreased significantly compared with model group (P<0.01). The mRNA expression level of I-κBα in model group was significantly lower than that in control group. After treatment, the mRNA expression of I-κBα in Jiedu-Qingfei group was significantly higher than that in model group (P<0.05). The protein levels of NF-κB p50 and p38 MAPK in the lung tissues of model group were significantly higher than those of blank control group. After treatment, the protein expression of NF-κB p50 and p38 MAPK was decreased significantly. The protein level of I-κBα in model group was significantly lower than that in blank control group, and after treatment with Jiedu-Qingfei mixture, the protein expression level of I-κBα was increased significantly (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Jiedu-Qingfei mixture may attenuate lung tissue inflammation caused by MP through NF-κB and p38 MAPK pathways.     

基于贡献度随机森林模型的公司债信用风险实证分析

运用贡献度随机森林方法（CRF）方法探讨公司债财务指标比率与其违约率的关系.运用连续属性离散化方法（OB）进行财务指标最优降维；运用WOE变换进行模型变量约简.研究表明，CRF模型的分类性能显著优于其他模型，测试集评估总体正确率达90.47%，AUC统计量、AR比率及K-S值分别提升了2.6%、7.6%、4.38%，变量贡献度量化了各财务指标对违约率影响，为诠释随机森林预测机制提供了依据.     

根腐病菌侵染对黄芪苯丙烷途径关键酶活性的影响

以蒙古黄芪-根腐病菌（Fusarium solani和F. acuminatum）为互作体系,测定苯丙烷途径关键酶苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、肉桂酸-4-羟化酶(C4H)及4-香豆酸-辅酶A连接酶(4CL)活性的变化,以期获得黄芪抗根腐病菌侵染机制的信息,为抗病育种工作提供参考。试验采用幼苗浸根法接种病菌,分光光度法测定3种酶的动态变化。结果表明,F. solani侵染黄芪后,PAL和C4H活性与对照相比明显升高,并在7、21天出现2个酶活高峰;4CL活性则随着时间的延长持续上升,7、21天时也显著高于对照。F. acuminatum侵染黄芪后,PAL、C4H和4CL的活性均在21天显著高于对照。可见2种病原菌在侵染黄芪过程中,苯丙烷途径的关键酶被不同程度地激活,但2种病菌激活各酶的时间和规律有所差异,表明黄芪对这2种病菌的抗性机制明显不同。     

堆肥过程中氮素转化及保氮措施研究进展

堆肥过程中氮素损失既降低堆肥质量,又污染环境。为了深入研究堆肥过程中的氮素转化及合理的堆肥保氮措施,笔者归纳总结了堆肥中氮素的氨化作用、氨同化作用、硝化作用、反硝化作用以及形成鸟粪石沉淀等过程,分析了与氮素损失密切相关的堆体的C/N比、pH值、温度、通风与氧气供应等因素,指出可通过调节C/N比、接种微生物菌剂、添加吸附剂和化学物质、控制通风等措施控制氮素损失。今后有必要从基于堆料碳氮组成形态的C/N比、氮素转化的微生物学机理以及适合规模化堆肥生产的保氮技术等方面进一步开展研究。