A Model for Agro-Economic Analysis of Soil pH Mapping

Core soil sampling followed by laboratory analysis is the traditional method used to map soil pH prior to variable rate application (VRA) of lime on cropland. A recently developed automated soil sampling system capable of measuring soil pH on-the-go has significantly increased sampling resolution. However, adoption of such systems must be justified economically. This paper presents a method for assessing the economic benefit from automated mapping of soil pH prior to variable rate lime application. In this work, geostatistical, agronomic, and economic methods were used to generate a comprehensive numerical model for quantitative assessment of the net return over cost of liming for different lime management strategies. The strategies included: automated pH mapping, manual grid soil sampling, and whole field sampling used in combination with either variable or fixed rate liming. The model was demonstrated using a simulated field with known average pH and semivariogram model. The analysis showed the largest benefit ($6.13ha^–1year^–1) from using VRA with automated soil pH mapping versus VRA based on 1ha (2.5acres) manual grid point sampling for the selected simulated field conditions. A sensitivity analysis demonstrated that for a wide range of field conditions and crop prices, VRA plus automated mapping promises higher relative benefits than VRA based on either manual grid point or grid cell sampling.     

相关数量性状基因图谱的联合构建

将曾氏的复合区间法推广到多个相关数量性状基因（ＱＴＬ）图谱的联合构建。以Ｆ＿２世代３个性状为例，列出联合构建的混合模型，以及参数的极大似然估计和假设的似然比测验的方法。模拟示范构建的ＱＴＬ图谱表明，当基因的多效性存在时，与各个性状的独立构建相比联合构建可大大提高ＱＴＬ的检测效率。     

基于最小二乘估计的数量性状基因座的复合区间定位法

数量性状基因座（ＱＴＬ）的复合区间定位法是区间定位法的１种改进方法，它大大提高了ＱＴＬ定位的准确性，但计算上比较复杂和费时．由于其似然比统计量的联合分布未知，故准确的显著性测验临界值必须采用排列测验法或模拟抽样法进行估计，但其复杂费时的计算使得这些经验方法显得不实用．本文给出基于最小二乘估计的复合区间定位法，它保持了复合区间定位的基本性质，但在计算上要比基于最大似然估计的方法简单和快速得多．由于它对性状的分布无需特殊的要求，因而有更广的适用范围．通过消除模型中冗余的标记，可使数值计算速度进一步提高．这样，用经验方法估计显著临界值就变得可行了．另外，消除冗余标记还可提高ＱＴＬ定位的准确性，改进ＱＴＬ效应的估值．文中最后提出了复合区间定位的实用程序     

Sampling Strategies for Mapping Soil Phosphorus and Soil Potassium Distributions in Cool Temperate Grassland

Unlike the situation for arable soils, virtually nothing is known about the spatial dependencies of soil properties in cool temperate grassland or about what the optimal sampling strategies ought to be for mapping soil nutrient distributions in such situations. The aim of this study was to investigate the spatial variability in plant-available (soil) phosphorus and potassium in a grass silage field in Northern Ireland and devise optimal sampling strategies for mapping their distributions. Soil samples were collected from the field at 25 m intervals in a regular rectangular grid to provide a database of soil properties. Different data combinations were subsequently abstracted from this database for comparison purposes, and ordinary kriging used to produce interpolated soil maps. Soil potassium displayed greater spatial variability than soil phosphorus. In keeping with this observation, the results of three separate statistical procedures demonstrated that the optimal sample size for estimating the true population means was about twice as large for soil potassium as for soil phosphorus. Optimal sampling strategies, however, related not just to sample size but to sample combination and field shape as well.     

大豆生育期性状的遗传及QTL定位研究

综述大豆生育期性状遗传及基因定位研究进展,讨论当前的研究重点和今后可能的研究方向,以期为相关研究提供参考。     

山区林地多季相TM影像综合分类研究

为了提高陆地卫星TM数据在山区林地的分类精度,利用4个季节的帽儿山TM数据进行植被分类,并辅助以物候特征和地面GIS专题信息 采用由简单到复杂的信息提取过程,先利用基于光谱知识的林地提取模型提取林地边界,再用有监分类方法分别进行林地和非林地内部类型信息的提取,生成多季相综合分类图 分类精度比单时相提高了19 6%     

数字化测图实践与认识

随着测绘科学技术的发展，传统的模拟法测图方法已被数字化测图方法所替代。本文从数字化测图工作的外业、内业以及测量成果表现形式上，对数字化测图与模拟法测图的特点进行了对比分析；分析了数字化测图质量评价的内容和特点；结合数字化测图的工作实践，对数字化测图工作提出了几点有益的认识。     

一种基于三维激光扫描系统测量树冠体积方法的研究——以油松为例

树冠体积在林业及其他领域得到越来越广泛的应用.该文介绍了三维激光扫描系统的组成、工作原理及工作流程;探讨了应用三维激光扫描系统,通过扫描获取单株树木的三维空间点阵数据,将树冠近似为多个圆台体,求它们的体积之和来计算树冠体积的方法.并在甘肃省小陇山林业局党川林场以油松为例进行了实验,而后对实测数据进行了精度分析,取得了较为满意的结果.研究表明,利用三维激光扫描系统测量树冠体积具有较强的实践意义和应用价值.     

番茄SSR遗传连锁图谱的构建及每序花数性状的QTL定位

以每序花数性状差异显著的栽培番茄与野生醋栗番茄杂交产生的F2为作图群体，应用SSR标记构建了番茄的遗传连锁图谱。图谱共包含120个标记,总长度为879．1cM，标记平均间距7．33cM。利用区间作图法在第2和第5染色体上检测到2个与每序花数有关的QTLs，其贡献值分别为5．22％和8．39％。     

Error Sources on Yield-Based Fertilizer Variable Rate Application Maps

Spatially-variable application of inputs to agricultural fields is dependent upon accuracy of the input variables. The effects of boundary determination, interpolation method, and GPS location errors were studied for determining a variable rate nitrogen application map based upon yield maps of a 3.6 ha Florida citrus block. A general linear model for the mean absolute error approximated the error effects.