菱角淀粉主要性质的研究

为了给菱角淀粉的综合利用提供理论依据和基础数据,对菱角淀粉的化学组成、溶解度、膨胀度、淀粉糊的粘度与老化特性等进行了研究．结果表明,菱角淀粉的直链淀粉含量为15．76％;其淀粉糊的最高粘度值介于玉米淀粉和马铃薯淀粉之间,其他粘度特征值高于玉米淀粉和马铃薯淀粉;糊化温度为80．15℃,高于玉米淀粉和马铃薯淀粉;其溶解度、膨胀度随着温度的增加而增加;4％的淀粉含量对老化特性影响较大,pH 6.0时老化值最大．     

江蓠提胶废渣制备不溶性膳食纤维工艺研究

以江蓠提胶废渣为原料,进行酶法制备不溶性膳食纤维(IDF)优化工艺研究试验。分别通过体系的酶量、酶解温度和酶解时间的单因素试验及这3个因素的正交试验,研究其对不溶性膳食纤维含量的影响,获得其最佳的制备工艺为:料液质量比1∶8,复合蛋白酶0.4%(质量分数),pH值9,40℃水解3 h,洗涤至中性后,60℃恒温干燥。该工艺制备的产品得率48.8%,不溶性膳食纤维含量(干基)高达93.61%(质量分数),粗蛋白质0.70%,粗脂肪0.87%,持水力与膨胀力分别为5.05 g/g和6.47 mL/g,高于西方国家小麦麸皮膳食纤维标准。可望使江蓠提胶废渣变废为宝,开发成为膳食纤维功能食品。     

Fertilizer technology based on optimized nitrogen release from urea-loaded natural superabsorbent carriers

There is a pressing need for advanced fertilizer application technologies that enhance crop yields, maintain soil health and reduce the environmental impact from agriculture. Here, we report on the optimization of nitrogen release profiles of urea-loaded polysaccharide (starch) superabsorbent carriers, employing analytical techniques including UV–VIS, FTIR, EDX, SEM and GC-FID for structural and phospholipid fatty acids PLFA analyses. We fitted existing kinetic models to the uptake and release profiles, providing a link between nitrogen release kinetics and carrier structural variables. The inclusion of zeolite microparticles in the starch-based carriers accelerated the rate of nitrogen release and increasing the maximum amount released. Field tests of the technology on maize crops demonstrated improved plant parameters and enhanced the soil microbial population. These findings highlight the promise of urea-loaded natural superabsorbent carriers as a sustainable alternative to core-shell CRF fertilizers and urease inhibitors.     

不同微生物菌剂及品种对大白菜根肿病防治及土壤养分的影响

通过田间控制试验研究4种微生物菌剂对2个大白菜品种根肿病防治效果及土壤养分含量的影响，得出施用微生物菌剂相比不同大白菜品种更能有效防治根肿病发生，同时施用微生物菌剂能明显改善土壤肥力。其中BD处理(枯草芽孢杆菌300倍液+德高CR117)综合防治效果最佳，相较WD(清水对照),地上部鲜重增加20.98%,病情指数降低34.85,防治效果达47.70%;对土壤速效态养分含量，尤其是硝态氮、速效钾、有机质含量有显著的提升，可作为秦岭地区生物防治大白菜根肿病的适宜组合。