拖拉机液压悬挂系统的主要功能与常见故障维护

拖拉机在农业生产中的重要性主要体现在其能够配套多种农机具完成不同的农业生产任务,液压悬挂系统作为拖拉机与配套机具连接与功能控制的纽带,其技术的先进性对于拖拉机的性能发挥影响很大.液压悬挂系统作为拖拉机的功能扩展部件,在拖拉机中的使用率很高.要进一步提高拖拉机使用的合理性,拖拉机驾驶员应清楚认识拖拉机液压悬挂系统的组成与...     

多花黑麦草胚性悬浮系的建立及原生质培养

以多花原麦草（Ｌｏｌｉｕｍ ｍｕｌｔｉｆｌｏｒｕｍ Ｌａｍ．）幼穗为外植诱导愈伤组织,经高有机态氮培养基改造得到易碎型胚性愈伤组织,在１／２ＡＡ培养＋１／２ＭＳＤＬ培养基中得到了生长迅速、分散的胚性悬浮系。分离原生质体经培养后得到了再生白化苗。     

盐胁迫下胡杨和毛白杨悬浮细胞的离子区隔化(英文)

以耐盐的胡杨 (Populuseuphratica)和盐敏感的毛白杨 (P .tomentosa)的悬浮细胞为材料 ,利用X 射线微区分析技术研究了盐胁迫条件下细胞中离子的分布 .胡杨细胞分别经 52 ,137,2 2 3,30 9,395和 4 80mmol·L- 1NaCl溶液处理 ,毛白杨细胞只经 137mmol·L- 1NaCl处理 .结果表明 ,盐胁迫显著提高了两种杨树细胞Na和Cl离子的浓度 ,但Na在细胞壁中的浓度与Cl接近 ,而在细胞质和液泡中则明显低于Cl,表明Na和Cl是通过不同的机制由无阻空间 (细胞壁 )进入细胞内的 .在137mmol·L- 1NaCl条件下 ,胡杨细胞质中Na和Cl离子的浓度远低于毛白杨 ,而且在溶液中盐分浓度低于 2 2 3mmol·L- 1的情况下 ,胡杨细胞质中盐离子浓度始终保持在细胞壁的水平以下 .这些结果都显示胡杨质膜具有较强的排盐性 .当溶液中NaCl浓度高于 2 2 3mmol·L- 1时 ,胡杨液泡中盐离子浓度显著提高 ,表明胡杨有明显的离子区隔化功能 .相反 ,毛白杨没有离子区隔化证据 .另外 ,胡杨细胞中营养元素K和Ca未受盐胁迫的影响 ,而 137mmol·L- 1NaCl处理降低了毛白杨细胞壁和细胞质中营养元素的水平 .总之 ,胡杨在盐胁迫条件下具有较高的排盐性和离子选择性 ,并能将盐离子区隔于液泡中 ,这是其耐盐性强的重要基础     

竹子悬浮细胞系的建立和组织培养试管苗移栽观察

本实验用（１）２,４－Ｄ,（２）ＮＡＡ／ＢＡ和（３）２,４－Ｄ／ＫＴ３种生长调节组合对孝顺竹顶芽和节侧芽外植体进行愈伤组织的诱导。２,４－Ｄ诱导顶芽和节侧芽外植体几乎全部生出水质、粗糙的淡黄色愈伤组织;２,４－Ｄ／ＫＴ诱导节侧芽外植体半数生颗粒状、光滑的白或淡黄色愈伤组织,不能诱导顶芽外植形成愈伤组织。由２,４－Ｄ诱导的孝顺竹愈伤组织在摇床上暗培养,建立了悬浮细胞系,可为竹子基因转化提供体材料。对     

接种量及蔗糖浓度对悬浮培养玫瑰茄细胞生长的影响

以悬浮培养玫瑰茄细胞为研究对象,探讨了不同初始接种量以及蔗糖浓度对玫瑰茄细胞生长的影响。结果表明随着接种量增大,细胞生长启动加快,但细胞比生长速率却逐渐降低,这表明细胞的分裂启动存在着密度依赖现象,而细胞的生长却存在密度抑制现象;在ρ（蔗糖）为２０～５－ｇ／Ｌ范围内,当ρ（蔗糖）为４０ｇ／Ｌ时,蔗糖是作为限制性基质而存在,而当ρ（蔗糖）超过４０ｇ／Ｌ时,蔗糖表现出基质抑制效应,这明显体现在玫瑰茄细     

Towards genetic transformation in the monocot Alstroemeria L.

The successful application of plant biotechnology to Alstroemeria improvement will largely depend on the availability of an efficient regeneration/transformation system. Regeneration in Alstroemeria is accomplished from nodular embryogenic callus initiated from zygotic embryos. Histological studies of embryogenic callus initiation from 4-weeks old cultured ovules revealed that the outermost layers of the protoderm of the embryogenic nodules divided to form either a new nodule or aproembryo. Transient gene expression after particle bombardment of nodular embryogenic callus was optimized using DNA of pAHC25. The highest β-glucuronidase expression was found when the GUS gene was under control of the maize ubiquitin promoter, the target tissue was placed 5 cm below the microcarrier launch assembly and when the rupture disc-breakage point was between 650–900 psi. Kanamycin blocked regeneration of somatic embryos, however, did not block growth of nodular embryogenic callus. With phosphinothricin both callus growth and regeneration were blocked. Bombardment of nodular embryogenic callus with DNA of pAHC25 combined with selection on medium containing phosphinothricin resulted in putative transgenic chimeric. Friable calli were selected from nodular embryogenic callus and used to initiate suspensions. These cell suspensions were subjected to transformation by particle bombardment using DNA of pAHC25 and resulted in a stable transformed friable callus line after selection based on luciferase activity. Even after 2 years of maintenance this callus line was luciferase positive and the Polymerase Chain Reaction analysis demonstrated the presence of the introduced gene in this friable callus line. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

马铃薯悬浮细胞原生质体培养及植株再生

试验所培养的 3个基因型的马铃薯悬浮细胞原生质体均获得再生植株。愈伤组织继代培养基、分化培养基及基因型对分化频率有显著影响     

茶鲜叶匀浆悬浮发酵工艺学研究

研究了茶鲜叶匀浆悬浮发酵过程的代谢变化规律及其工艺调控。结果表明,悬浮发酵中多酚氧化酶活性虽明显受抑,但仍可完成正常酶促氧化作用;工艺监测参数如氧化还原电位、溶解氧浓度、摄氧率及茶汤总色度的变化与发酵体系中的底物消耗及产物形成间存在密切关系;提高供氧水平和添加有机溶剂A可明显促进多酚氧化产物茶黄素的形成;高悬浮液浓度限制发酵的主要原因是供氧不足,而分批补料发酵方式能缓解供氧矛盾。     

基于EDEM-Fluent的残膜与杂质悬浮分离仿真与试验

基于残膜与土壤、秸秆等杂质在密度、悬浮速度、流动特性等方面的差异,提出了一种基于EDEM-Fluent耦合的残膜与杂质悬浮分离方法。阐述了3种残膜与棉花秸秆、土壤混合物悬浮分离速度测定法,即理论计算法、仿真分析法和台架试验测定法,利用3种方法分别测定残膜悬浮分离速度。利用EDEM-Fluent耦合的方法模拟残膜与杂质悬浮分离的过程,3种残膜混合物料中土壤和秸秆总质量占比分别为40%(其中土壤占30%)、60%(其中土壤占50%)和80%(其中土壤占70%)时,残膜悬浮速度仿真值为4.77～5.83 m/s、4.89～6.46 m/s和5.31～7.40 m/s; 3种残膜混合物悬浮分离速度台架测定试验值为4.67～5.77 m/s、4.88～6.37 m/s和5.29～7.22 m/s。残膜悬浮速度仿真值与台架试验值之间的相对误差为0.77%～4.79%,验证了基于EDEM-Fluent耦合法测定残膜混合物悬浮分离速度的可行性。混合物中杂质改变了残膜的形变量和运动特性,从而影响残膜的悬浮速度和位置;为了使仿真结果更加接近试验数值,残膜悬浮分离速度仿真值的下限值与台架试验的下限值相差较大...     

Wind-blown nutrient transport and soil productivity changes in southwest Niger

This study was conducted to quantify nutrient losses by saltation and suspension transport. During two convective storms, mass fluxes of wind-blown particles were measured in a pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) field in southwest Niger, on a sandy, siliceous, isohyperthermic Psammentic Paleustalf. The trapped material at three heights (0·05, 0·26 and 0·50 m) and a sample of vertically deposited dust were analyzed for total element contents of K, C, N and P. The nutrient content of the material at 0·05 m was similar to the nutrient content of the topsoil. At 0·50 m, the material was three times richer in nutrients than the topsoil, whereas the deposited dust, trapped at 2·00 m, was 17 times richer. For all four elements, a total element (TE) mass flux profile was fitted throughout the observations. From the TE profiles, the following nutrient losses from the experimental plot were estimated: 57·1 kg ha⁻¹ K, 79·6 kg ha⁻¹ C, 18·3 kg ha⁻¹ N, and 6·1 kg ha⁻¹ P. The TE profiles showed a maximum value in the saltation layer. The suspended TE mass fluxes above the saltation layer were an order of magnitude lower than the saltation fluxes, but extended to greater heights. Therefore, saltation and suspension are both able to transport significant quantities of nutrients. While saltation results in only a local redistribution of nutrients, suspension may transport dust over thousands of kilometers, resulting in a regional loss of nutrients.