沼液喷施对秋茶产量和品质的影响

为开发深度发酵沼液作为茶叶叶面肥推广和施用提供理论依据,提高茶叶产量、促进茶叶营养物质的累积,采用5种不同浓度发酵沼液对秋茶进行叶面喷施,研究其对茶叶产量和品质的影响。结果表明：与对照（清水）相比,5种不同浓度发酵沼液均在一定程度上增加茶叶产量,促进茶叶中营养物质的累积,改善茶叶品质。其中,沼液与清水容量比为1∶1．5时,试验效果最佳,发芽密度增加33．90％,百芽重增加34．35％,理论产量增加79．24％,茶多酚增加2．89％,氨基酸增加16．23％,咖啡碱增加45．80％,水浸出物增加5．52％,酚氨比降低13．76％。     

秋季叶施尿素及乙烯利对枣树贮藏氮素的影响

枣树(Zizyphus jujuba Mill.)秋季叶施尿素、乙烯利及尿素十乙烯利均可促进叶片及落性枝的氮素向树体回流,增加树体贮藏氮素水平,尤以尿素 200ppm乙烯利的效果最佳;尿素及乙烯利处理均增加了次年枣吊长度、平均单果重及枣果还原糖含量;尿素处理还显著增加了叶片及新梢含氮量,座果数,但降低了枣果蔗糖含量。枣树秋冬季地上部与根系具有同等重要的贮藏氮素作用;蛋白态氮是主要贮藏形态,为非蛋白态氮的2—3倍。     

On Increasing Mustard Productivity with an Inexpensive Source of Leaf—applied Phosphorus

A simple randomized field experiment was conducted for two years to test the comparative efficacy of three sources of leaf-applied phosphorus (sodium dihydrogen orthophosphate, diammonium phosphate and monocalcium superphosphate) on the yield performance of mustard ( Brassica juncea L. Czern. and Coss.) var. Varuna. The quantity of P was 3.5 kg ha⁻¹. In addition, 20 kg N and 2 (or 6) kg S ha⁻¹ were included in the spray applied in two equal splits at 70 and 90 days as supplement to the basal application of 60 kg N, 17.5 kg P and 33.2 kg K ha⁻¹. The two-year data revealed that spray treatments were significantly efficacious in augmenting most of the yield attributing parameters as well as seed and oil yield by about 20% over the water-sprayed control. However, as the three sources of phosphorus proved equally effective, commercial grade monocalcium superphosphate could be preferred over others due to its cost effectiveness and easy availability.     

应用25%菊乐合酯乳油防治马尾松毛虫

1988～1989年,金华县进行应用25％菊乐合酯乳油防治马尾松毛虫药效试验,并在大面积防治中推广应用了这种新的复配农药。结果表明:应用25％菊乐合酯孔油防治马尾松毛虫3～4龄幼虫在地面超低量喷雾防治时,60ml/hm~2就可取得96.3％的效果,用药成本1.05元/hm~2,比用2.5％溴氰菊酯乳油(3.60元/hm~2),20％杀灭菊酯乳油(2.55元/hm~2)分别下降2.55元/hm~2和1.50元/hm~2;飞机超低量喷雾防治马尾松毛虫3～4龄幼虫用药120g/hm~2即可,效果可达94.8％,用药成本比用2.5％溴氰菊酯乳油、20％杀灭菊酯礼油分别下降1.50元/hm~2和0.45元/hm~2。     

雾滴密度与喷雾方式对毒死蜱防治褐飞虱效果的影响

分别选用实心圆锥雾和扇形雾TP6501E两种喷头,以3WP-2000型行走式喷雾塔模拟对水稻植株压顶喷雾和侧向喷雾,探究雾滴密度、喷雾方式对48%毒死蜱乳油防治褐飞虱效果的影响。结果表明：压顶喷雾当底层雾滴密度分别达到99.4个/cm^2和94.9个/cm^2,且48%毒死蜱乳油有效剂量分别高于68.00 mg/m^2和55.64 mg/m^2时,对褐飞虱的防治效果达80%;侧向喷雾当底层雾滴密度分别在10.4～49.0个/cm^2和12.3～55.4个/cm^2范围内,且48%毒死蜱乳油有效剂量分别在41.21～82.42 mg/m^2和72.12～82.42 mg/m^2区间内对褐飞虱的防治效果均高于80%。相同有效剂量条件下,侧向喷雾的防效高于压顶喷雾。采用侧向喷雾方式时,水稻基部较易获得高密度雾滴,药剂在低有效剂量条件下即可取得预期防治效果。     

渭河中游全新世晚期古洪水沉积物特征

通过野外实地调查,在渭河中游咸阳市南寺村一级阶地的全新世黄土-古土壤剖面,发现了含有波状水平层理的古洪水滞流沉积层,对所采集的全新世地层样品进行了粒度、磁化率、烧失量、CaCO3和石英颗粒微结构表面特征分析,表明古洪水滞流沉积物（SWD）平均粒径小,磁化率值低,CaCO₃含量高,石英颗粒表面“V”形坑和三角痕明显等特征,与风成黄土和古土壤差别显著,判定为典型的古洪水滞流沉积物。通过OSL（光释光）测年及地层学对比,确定古洪水SWD记录了渭河中游3 200~2 800 aBP发生的一组3次古洪水事件,正处于全新世大暖期向晚期转变的过渡时期,气候不稳定,降水变率大,引发了连续的特大洪水事件。此研究成果对于揭示区域水文变化对全球气候变化的响应规律具有重要科学意义。     

Influence of flow-equilibrating device on purification of flue gas from MSW incineration

The influences of flow-equilibrating device on flue gas purification by spray drying are studied numerically with RNG k-ε turbulent model and stochastic droplet track model. The effects of flow-equilibrating device on flue gas streamline, droplets distribution, internal resistance, adhering ratio and purification efficiency are investigated. The flow field is more uniform and symmetrical after the flow equalization plate is added. The internal resistance decreases gradually with increasing diameter of the opening area of flow equalization plate. The percentage of droplet adhering on the wall is first increased, and then decreased when opening area diameter increases from 0.2 to 0.7 m. The maximum value reaches 38.2% when the diameter equals to 0.4 m. The purification efficiency for SO2 and HCl has increased after the plate is added. The desulphurization efficiency increases from 60.25% to 68.56%. HCl removal efficiency increases from 93.73% to 97.62%. The results can provide theoretical basis for flue gas purifying system optimization and parameters selection.     

叶面喷施尿素涂膜液对苹果树的影响

为了验证尿素涂膜液在苹果上的喷施效果,在大田试验条件下,采用叶面喷施尿素涂膜液和清水(CK)的方法研究了苹果叶面喷施尿素涂膜液的增产效果。结果表明:苹果叶面喷施尿素涂膜液新梢生长量、叶片厚度、叶片鲜重、叶面积分别比对照增加50.0%、15.0%、6.2%和9.3%,百果重、果型指数分别比对照提高4.4%和3.3%,产量较对照增产9.8%,增产效果明显。     

航空静电喷雾与非静电喷雾沉积效果的比较

利用直升机R44和固定翼飞机Y5B挂载自主研制的航空静电喷雾系统设备进行机场和野外航空静电喷雾与非静电喷雾的比较试验.结果表明:静电喷雾存地面和空中靶标表面、树冠中上部叶片正面的沉积效果明显优于非静电喷雾:雾粒细小、分布均匀、沉积密度提高1倍以上,最高达1.75倍;直升机静电喷雾在叶片背面的沉积率为非静电喷雾的2.15倍,是常规航空喷雾的3.31倍.Y5B静电喷雾在叶片背面的沉积率为非静电喷雾的2.38倍,是常规航空喷雾的3.44倍.     

Cytotoxic, cytoprotective and antioxidant effects of isolated phenolic compounds from fresh ginger

Twenty-nine phenolic compounds were isolated from the root bark of fresh (Yunnan) ginger and their structures fully characterized. Selected compounds were divided into structural categories and twelve compounds subjected to in-vitro assays including DPPH radical scavenging, xanthine-oxidase inhibition, monoamine oxidase inhibition, rat-brain homogenate lipid peroxidation, and rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cell and primary liver cell viability to determine their antioxidant and cytoprotective properties. Isolated compounds were also tested against nine human tumor cell lines to characterize anticancer potency. Several diarylheptanoids and epoxidic diarylheptanoids were effective DPPH radical scavengers and moderately effective at inhibiting xanthine oxidase. An enone–dione analog of 6-shogaol (compound 2) was isolated and identified to be most effective at protecting PC12 cells from H₂O₂-induced damage. Almost all tested compounds inhibited lipid peroxidation. Three compounds, 6-shogaol, 10-gingerol and an enone-diarylheptanoid analog of curcumin (compound 6) were identified to be cytotoxic in cell lines tested, with KB and HL60 cells most susceptible to 6-shogaol and the curcumin analog with IC₅₀ < 10 μM. QSAR analysis revealed cytotoxicity was related to compound lipophilicity and chemical reactivity. In conclusion, we observed distinct compounds in fresh ginger to have biological activities relevant in diseases associated with reactive oxygen species.