Physiological and biochemical parameters for egg quality determination in lake trout,Salmo trutta lacustris

The present study investigated the relationships between egg viability and ovarian fluid composition, egg physiology and egg metabolism in lake trout, Salmo trutta lacustris, to obtain biomarkers for egg quality determination. The ovarian fluid pH, protein levels and activities of aspartate aminotransferase and -d-glucuronidase were significantly correlated with egg viability expressed as the number of eyed stage embryos. Regression models demonstrated that an ovarian fluid pH between 8.44 and 8.57, protein levels below 235.56 mg 100 ml^–1ovarian fluid, aspartate aminotransferase activity below 31.65 m min^–1 l^–1ovarian fluid and -d-glucuronidase activity below 8.62 m min^–1 l^–1 ovarian fluid characterized egg batches with high viability (80%).The increase in the egg wet weight during water hardening was also significantly correlated with the number of eyed stage embryos, and egg batches with high egg viability (80%) increased in wet weight by 13% during water hardening.From the investigated metabolic parameters the number of eyed stage embryos was significantly correlated with activities of NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (egg viability 80% at 2.07 nM min^–1 mg^–1 protein) and NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase (egg viability 80% at 47.25 nM min^–1 mg^–1 protein), with the respiration rate (egg viability 80% at 8.71 nM min^–1 mg^–1 protein), with the ratio of NADH to NAD levels (egg viability 80% 0.872), with the levels of free, non-esterified fatty acids (egg viability 80% 72.34 g mg^–1 protein), and the ratio of non esterified to esterified fatty acids (egg viability 80% at 0.749). Also, subjective and visual control methods were described to distinguish between batches with viable and non viable eggs.     

不同小麦品系耐低钾性的综合评价

为了鉴定并筛选耐低钾的小麦品系,以小麦(花培3号×豫麦57)双单倍体(DH)群体(168个株系)为材料,测定低钾处理和对照(正常钾处理)下,不同株系的地上部干重、地下部干重、整株干重、根冠比、根平均直径、根体积、根总表面积、总根长、根系活力、SOD活性、POD活性、钾浓度和钾累积量,分析其在低钾胁迫下的反应,综合评价不同品系的耐低钾性,筛选可用于评价耐低钾性的指标。结果表明,单一指标不能全面、准确地反映小麦的耐低钾性;通过主成分分析和隶属函数分析相结合的方法,获得各供试材料耐低钾性的综合评价值(D值),且D值可以直接反映各DH株系耐低钾能力的大小;通过逐步回归的方法建立了最优回归方程,筛选出6个与小麦耐低钾性显著相关的指标。     

Link between Domoic Acid Production and Cell Physiology after Exchange of Bacterial Communities between Toxic Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries and Non-Toxic Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima

Bacteria are known to influence domoic acid (DA) production by Pseudo-nitzschia spp., but the link between DA production and physiology of diatoms requires more investigation. We compared a toxic P. multiseries to a non-toxic P. delicatissima, investigating links between DA production, physiological parameters, and co-occurring bacteria. Bacterial communities in cultures of both species were reduced by antibiotic treatment, and each of the diatoms was inoculated with the bacterial community of the other species. The physiology of P. delicatissima was minimally affected by the absence of bacteria or the presence of alien bacteria, and no DA was detected. P. multiseries grew faster without bacteria, did not produce a significant amount of DA, and exhibited physiological characteristics of healthy cells. When grown with alien bacteria, P. multiseries did not grow and produced more DA; the physiology of these cells was affected, with decreases in chlorophyll content and photosynthetic efficiency, an increase in esterase activity, and almost 50% mortality of the cells. The alien bacterial community had morphological and cellular characteristics very different from the original bacteria, and the number of free-living bacteria per algal cell was much higher, suggesting the involvement of bacteria in DA production.     

旱作区抗病优质高效马铃薯新品种(系)筛选试验初报

为筛选出适宜天水市旱作区种植的优质马铃薯品种,解决马铃薯生产中存在的品种单一、抗病、优质专用品种相对缺乏及产量水平相对低下等问题。以当地主栽马铃薯品种陇薯6号为对照品种,对引进的11个马铃薯品种(系)进行了品种比较试验。结果表明,DSS-35折合产量最高,为35 704.05 kg/hm2,较对照品种陇薯6号增产15.23%;京张薯1号、陇薯20号折合产量较高,分别为34 784.40、34 340.85 kg/hm2,较对照品种陇薯6号分别增产12.26%、10.83%。这3个马铃薯品种(系)综合性状优良、商品薯率较高,较抗病毒病和环腐病,块茎晚疫病发病较轻,适宜在天水市旱作区及同类生态区种植。     

杜鹃红山茶芽苗砧嫁接亲和性生理研究

杜鹃红山茶（Camellia azalea）为山茶科山茶属常绿灌木或小乔木,是中国特有珍稀濒危物种,在园林与观赏园艺方面具有广阔的应用前景,兼具有极高的科研价值。国内外关于杜鹃红山茶嫁接繁殖的研究主要集中在木质化砧木嫁接方面,而芽苗砧嫁接技术及芽苗砧嫁接亲和性生理的研究鲜有报道。为了从生理层面揭示杜鹃红山茶接穗与不同油茶芽苗砧的亲和性差异,本研究以广西栽培面积广泛的高州油茶、广宁红花油茶、岑溪软枝油茶、普通油茶为芽苗砧,以杜鹃红山茶当年生半木质化枝条为接穗进行芽苗砧嫁接,于嫁接后90 d,考察不同芽苗砧处理对杜鹃红山茶接穗死亡率、嫁接苗叶片中初生代谢产物含量、抗氧化生理指标以及光合色素含量的影响。结果表明：（1）不同芽苗砧木对杜鹃红山茶接穗的死亡率有显著影响,采用高州油茶作为芽苗砧,杜鹃红山茶嫁接死亡率最低,为18.5%;（2）不同芽苗砧木对杜鹃红山茶接穗叶片中可溶性蛋白含量及淀粉含量有显著影响,采用高州油茶砧木,嫁接苗叶片中可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白及淀粉含量均处于最高水平;（3）不同芽苗砧木对杜鹃红山茶嫁接苗叶片中脯氨酸含量及过氧化物酶（POD）活性有显著影响,采用高州油茶作为芽苗砧,嫁接苗叶片中脯氨酸和丙二醛（MDA）含量最低,超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和POD活性最高;（4）不同芽苗砧木对杜鹃红山茶嫁接苗叶片中总叶绿素、叶绿素a及叶绿素b含量有显著影响,采用高州油茶作为芽苗砧的杜鹃红山茶嫁接苗叶片中总叶绿素、叶绿素a及叶绿素b含量均最高。研究认为,杜鹃红山茶接穗与高州油茶芽苗砧具有较好的亲和性,其嫁接苗抗性优于其他芽苗砧处理,叶片生长状况较好,具有较强的光合能力。     

不同成熟度对散叶生菜采后生理品质的影响

[目的]研究不同的采收成熟度对散叶生菜采后生理品质的影响.[方法]通过对生菜采后贮藏期间的失重率、含水量、呼吸强度、VC、叶绿素等理化指标和感官指标的测定,以及对散叶生菜不同成熟度指标的规定,研究未成熟、成熟和过熟3种不同成熟度对生菜采后生理品质的影响.[结果]试验表明,成熟和过熟的生菜衰减率低于未成熟的生菜,成熟和未成熟生菜的褐变及腐烂程度低于过熟生菜.未成熟生菜易失水失重,贮存至第9天时,失重率较过熟生菜高11.69％,失水率高于过熟生菜7.11％.过熟生菜易脱色,贮存至第9天时,叶绿素下降率高于未成熟生菜17％左右.过熟生菜容易受到机械损伤,出现黄褐色斑点、褐变、腐烂和其他生理疾病,且具有强烈的苦味和韧性,严重影响产品品质;成熟生菜相对未成熟生菜不易损伤且叶片呼吸速率相对较低,低于未成熟生菜约26mg/（kg.h）;成熟生菜相对过熟生菜贮期可延长3d,相对未成熟生菜贮藏期可延长2d,产量高,各质量指标最为理想.[结论]试验建议根据成熟度标准考虑适时采收,选择优质的成熟生菜以保证最大经济效益以及最优的生菜质量.     

饲料磷脂对仔稚鱼营养生理的研究进展

近年来,磷脂(Phospholipids,PL)在仔稚鱼营养生理所发挥的作用引起人们广泛重视。综述了近年来饲料磷脂对仔稚鱼生长表现、消化道、骨骼发育以及脂肪代谢等方面的影响,以期为磷脂在水产苗种饲料中合理添加与应用提供理论参考。     

杨树新品种（品系）抗病虫性调查分析

通过对松嫩平原地区多点区域化试验及示范林杨树新品种（品系）病虫害调查发现,造成严重干部危害的为破腹病和杨干象。对错海林场和富裕林场各参试品种（品系）抗破腹病及抗杨干象能力调查数据进行方差分析和多重比较,结果表明：抗病虫能力较强的品种（品系）有银中杨、龙丰1号、龙丰2号、小黑杨、黑青杨、N46、98-62-75、A5和欧黑×青7#,杨干象危害轻微（注意防治即可）的有A5-10、1015和2111,小黑杨和青山杨应避免在地势低洼地块造林。     

植物耐盐基因研究及其在棉花上的应用

盐害会对植物生长造成严重的危害、对农作物的产品品质和产量造成很大的损失。通过调控耐盐相关基因的表达,能提高转基因植物的耐盐能力。近年来,人们克隆了许多与耐盐相关的基因,主要包括渗透调节物合成基因、耐盐相关蛋白类基因、保护酶相关基因、转录因子的调控基因。主要综述了近年来植物耐盐相关基因的克隆及其在棉花基因工程中的研究应用等方面的一些进展,并对棉花耐盐基因工程的研究应用提出了对策和展望。     

低温冷藏对越冬代异色瓢虫生理生化指标的影响

在3℃条件下,对越冬代异色瓢虫[Harmonia axyridis(Pall)]雌、雄虫不同冷藏时间(0,30,60,90,120,150 d)的糖、蛋白质、脂肪、含水量等生理生化指标进行了测定。结果表明:冷藏期间,含糖量随冷藏时间的增加而降低,各冷藏时间之间的含糖量差异显著,冷藏0 d雌雄成虫的含糖量最高,分别达40.00μg/mg和43.69μg/mg;整个冷藏期间雌虫蛋白质含量显著高于冷藏0 d的蛋白质含量;整个冷藏期间雄虫蛋白质含量与冷藏0 d的蛋白质含量差异不显著;脂肪含量随冷藏时间的增加而降低,各冷藏时间之间的脂肪含量差异显著,冷藏0 d雌、雄成虫的脂肪含量最高,分别达475.87μg/mg和450.67μg/mg;含水量随冷藏时间的增加而降低,但差异不显著。