鉴定水稻品种的微卫星标记筛选

 选用58个水稻微卫星标记，对目前应用较广的28份杂交水稻亲本材料进行多态性分析，并比较了其中14个标记应用3.0%琼脂糖凝胶电泳和6.0%非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳的检测结果。研究表明，所应用的标记可将所有供试水稻材料区分开，不同标记的多态性检测能力差异较大；两种检测方法所得结果高度一致，但非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分辨率较高、带型清晰，能更准确反映水稻材料间的差异。对于一般水稻材料而言，选用12个标记可将不同材料区别开的几率大于99.9%，但要区分遗传相似性较高的材料，则可能需挑选高多态性标记和（或）增加检测的标记数。     

聚丙烯酰胺对地表氮素流失的影响研究

地表侵蚀条件下氮素的流失致使表层土壤退化及养分供给能力降低。在室内模拟降雨条件下,重点研究了高分子有机化合物聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)施用对泥沙氮素吸附能力及氮素流失水平的影响。试验施氮用肥为尿素,施氮水平设定为270kg/hm²,试验设定3个PAM施用水平(0,1和2g/m²),并设置不施氮也不施PAM作为对照处理,每个处理3次重复。试验分别在2个降雨强度(50和80mm/h)下进行。结果表明,PAM可以很好地维持土壤结构的稳定性,抑制地表细沟侵蚀的产生,从而有效地降低侵蚀产沙的水平。PAM的施用增强了泥沙对氮素的吸附水平,所以施用PAM的处理地表氮素流失仍明显减少,且氮素流失过程表现出与产沙过程很好的一致性,这说明PAM减少氮素流失的原因在于控制侵蚀产沙的水平。PAM的施用可以有效抑制地表泥沙和氮素的流失。     

模拟降雨条件下不同PAM用量及其与强化剂联用对紫色土磷素流失的影响

采用人工模拟降雨试验研究不同PAM用量及其与不同强化剂联用对紫色土坡面磷素流失的影响。结果表明:分别施加4,8,16g/m2分子量600万、水解度20%的阴离子型PAM均能显著降低坡面径流量、总磷(TP)及颗粒态磷(PP)浓度,并显著增加壤中流体积。2次降雨中,PAM应用效果均与PAM用量有关。第1次降雨以8g/m2 PAM效果最佳,相比对照,径流量减少62.28%,TP减少80.71%,PP减少95.78%;第2次降雨以16g/m2效果最佳,相比对照,径流量减少53.28%,TP减少77.52%,PP减少98.40%。相比PAM单施,分别联用石膏和石灰石后,坡面径流量增加,TP和DP浓度均显著降低。第1次降雨以石膏联用效果更佳,其中TP减少83.91%,DP减少85.34%;第2次降雨2种强化剂效果相近,TP分别减少76.10%和75.28%,DP也分别减少78.17%和79.46%。可见,施用PAM和强化剂能够显著降低磷素流失量,对农业面源污染的控制有一定作用。     

石灰和聚丙烯酰胺处理的酸性土壤对烤烟生长及生理特性的影响

以K326烤烟品种为材料,在土培条件下研究了石灰和聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）处理的酸性土壤对烤烟生长及生理特性的影响。结果表明:石灰和PAM处理的酸性土壤,在PAM含量低时（0.1%）,烤烟生物量显著提高,光合速率（Pn）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、气孔导度（Gs）增高,根系活力增大,相对电导率和丙二醛（MDA）含量下降,但随PAM用量的增大,烤烟生长减缓。在酸性土壤中,烤烟叶片和根系的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性最低;在加入石灰的土壤中,烤烟叶片和根系的三种酶活性升高,同时加入石灰和PAM的土壤,在PAM含量低时,三种酶活性下降,但随着PAM含量增高（0.2%）,酶活性又开始上升。石灰和PAM处理的酸性土壤,土壤交换性H、交换性Al含量的改变是由石灰引起的,PAM的影响不显著;相反,石灰对土壤含水量、水势、比重、孔隙度的影响不显著,而PAM影响显著,低PAM含量时（0.1%）,土壤含水量增加,但随PAM用量加大,土壤比重、孔隙度进一步增大,土壤含水量则逐渐降低,土壤水势显著下降。因此推测,石灰显著降低了酸性土壤交换性H、交换性Al含量,适量PAM提高了土壤孔隙度,增加土壤含水量,从而促进烤烟生长;但是当PAM过量,会导致土壤水势下降,烤烟吸水困难,其生长减缓。     

Antibody screening identifies 78 putative host proteins involved in Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 infection or propagation in common carp,Cyprinus carpio L

Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV‐3) is the aetiological agent of a serious and notifiable disease afflicting common and koi carp, Cyprinus carpio L., termed koi herpesvirus disease (KHVD). Significant progress has been achieved in the last 15 years, since the initial reports surfaced from Germany, USA and Israel of the CyHV‐3 virus, in terms of pathology and detection. However, relatively few studies have been carried out in understanding viral replication and propagation. Antibody‐based affinity has been used for detection of CyHV‐3 in enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and PCR‐based techniques, and immunohistological assays have been used to describe a CyHV‐3 membrane protein, termed ORF81. In this study, monoclonal antibodies linked to N‐hydroxysuccinimide (NHS)‐activated spin columns were used to purify CyHV‐3 and host proteins from tissue samples originating in either CyHV‐3 symptomatic or asymptomatic fish. The samples were next analysed either by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and subsequently by electrospray ionization coupled to mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) or by ESI‐MS analysis directly after purification. A total of 78 host proteins and five CyHV‐3 proteins were identified in the two analyses. These data can be used to develop novel control methods for CyHV‐3, based on pathways or proteins identified in this study.     

马铃薯SSR标记聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析

以马铃薯品种早大白、黄麻子、克新13、荷兰15、大西洋为试验材料,提取基因组DNA,进行SSR标记,并将标记产物进行聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,比较不同电泳参数(聚丙烯酰胺凝胶的浓度、电泳电压、染色方法)对电泳结果的影响。确定了适合马铃薯SSR标记的电泳检测体系,即聚丙烯酰胺凝胶的浓度为12%,电泳电压为170V,染色方法为溴化乙锭染色。     

两种新型肥料对棉花生长状况及产量的影响

为了验证棉粕腐植酸肥料与聚丙烯酰胺改性复合肥料在棉花上的效果,选择最优棉花肥料及施用方法,研究了两种新型肥料及两者混合施用对棉花生长状况及产量的影响。结果表明:棉粕腐植酸肥料(H)能在生育前期明显提升棉花叶绿素含量和叶面积,提高干物质积累量,较不施肥处理(CK)和常规施肥处理(S)分别增产32.1%和5.4%;聚丙烯酰胺改性肥料(P)能明显提升棉花叶绿素含量和叶面积,生育后期可提升干物质积累速率,较CK和S处理分别增产30.3%和4.0%;棉粕腐植酸肥料与聚丙烯酰胺改性肥料混合施用(P+H)可显著提升棉花叶绿素含量、叶面积、干物质积累量和干物质积累速率,增长效果明显,产量较CK和S处理分别增产41.9%和13.2%,是适宜新疆棉花生产的肥料。     

Identification of allele specific AFLP markers linked with bacterial wilt [Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi et al.] resistance in hot peppers (Capsicum annuum L.)

Even though the bacterial wilt is identified as the most destructive disease in hot peppers world-wide, robust molecular markers that facilitate marker assisted selection are absent till date. Kerala Agricultural University (India) has released two hot peppers named Ujwala and Anugraha which show high level field resistance to this pathogen. The variety Anugraha was developed through backcross breeding between a high yielding but highly susceptible variety Pusa Jwala with the highly resistant Ujwala, using Pusa Jwala as a recurrent parent. Thus, Pusa Jwala and Anugraha are near isogenic lines (NILs) differing for the resistance to bacterial wilt only and the resistance is governed by a homozygous recessive (rr) gene action. The F₁s of Anugraha × Pusa Jwala were selfed to generate the segregating F₂ population. The F₂ population has been field screened, 10 highly susceptible and 10 most resistant plants were identified and DNA from these plants were bulked separately. Bulked segregant analysis with AFLP primer combination EcoACT + MseCAC was done using the DNA from donor parent Ujwala, susceptible parent Pusa Jwala, resistant parent Anugraha, bulked susceptible F₂ and bulked resistant F₂ plants. On resolution using capillary electrophoresis system in genetic analyzer, the AFLP products have yielded three polymorphic bands (103, 117, and 161 bp) which were linked with the resistant recessive allele and three polymorphic bands (183, 296, 319 bp) linked with the dominant susceptible allele of the bacterial wilt resistance gene. The results were confirmed through co-segregation analysis in most resistant and susceptible plants of F₂ segregating population.     

几种虫草无性型及其相关真菌SOD比较研究

采用氮蓝四唑光照法比较了几种虫草无性型及其相关真菌的SOD酶比活力及粗酶含量,同时应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法进行了活性显示.结果表明,不同菌种,SOD酶谱差别较大,而分离自冬虫夏草的HS系列菌株和虫草簇孢SIN-1菌株图谱较接近;蝉拟青霉(PC-1)干重的SOD酶比活力最高,达874.3 U·g-1,其次是细脚拟青霉(PT-1)干重的为537.6 U·g-1,HS-1菌株干重的SOD酶比活力为466.9 U·g-1.供试菌株的粗酶含量占干重的百分比在0.73%～2.50%之间.综合酶比活力和含量考虑,蝉拟青霉和HS-1菌株在抗氧化方面具有较好的开发应用前景.     

白三叶幼苗抗氧化酶类的电泳研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺垂直板凝胶电泳和活性染色法对白三叶幼苗的根、叶柄和叶进行超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)同工酶电泳分析,以了解白三叶幼苗抗氧化酶系统的三种同工酶的空间表达差异。结果表明,在白三叶幼苗的SOD同工酶酶谱中可以看到根有7条酶谱区带,叶柄有5条酶谱区带,叶有11条酶谱区带,其中有5条是根、叶柄和叶共有的谱带。在根中有一条(Rf=0.18)是特异的,在叶中有5条(Rf=0.13,0.69,0.72,0.94,0.97)是特异的。在白三叶幼苗的POD同工酶酶谱中可以看到根有8条酶谱区带,叶柄和叶有5条酶谱区带,其中有4条谱带是根、叶柄和叶共有的谱带。在根中有4条(Rf=0.31,0.69,0.77,0.85)是特异的。在叶柄和叶中有1条(Rf=0.19)谱带是特异的。在白三叶幼苗的CAT同工酶酶谱中可以看到根、叶柄和叶中都只有1条(Rf=0.78)相同的酶谱区带。结果表明:白三叶幼苗中有大量的抗氧化酶类表达,这有助于生化产品的进一步研发,这些酶特殊的差异表达还对基因表达的研究提供目标。