适宜天津市基质栽培的番茄品种筛选

利用基质栽培技术,以番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)为供试材料,比较了天津市常用的11个番茄品种部分农艺性状、经济性状、果实营养成分指标的差异,通过对这些指标的分析,筛选出最适宜天津市基质栽培的番茄品种。结果表明,粉皇后和傲兰6号在产量、单果重等指标中表现比较突出,适合在天津市以基质栽培方式推广应用。     

中密度纤维板的尺寸稳定性改良技术

中密度纤维板(MDF)是目前家具、室内装修等最常用的木质复合材料之一,其尺寸稳定性直接影响到产品的使用性能、使用寿命以及产品应用领域的拓展和附加值的提高.笔者概述了中密度纤维板尺寸稳定性的影响因素以及中密度纤维板尺寸稳定性方面的相关研究进展,并在此基础上提出今后研究的方向.     

Object‐Based Mapping of Karst Rocky Desertification using a Support Vector Machine

Accurate and cost‐effective mapping of karst rocky desertification (KRD) is still a challenge at the regional and national scale. Visual interpretation has been utilised in the majority of studies, while an automated method based on pixel data has been investigated repeatedly. An object‐based method coupling with support vector machine (SVM) was developed and tested using Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) images from three selected counties (Liujiang, Changshun and Zhenyuan) with different karst landscapes in SW China. The method supports a strategy of defining a mapping unit. It combined ETM+ images and ancillary data including elevation, slope and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index images. A sequence of scale parameters estimation, image segmentation, training data sampling, SVM parameters tuning and object classification was performed to achieve the mapping. A quantitative and semi‐automated approach was used to estimate scale parameters for segmenting an object at an optimal scale. We calculated the sum of area‐weighted standard deviation (WS), rate of change for WS, local variance (LV) and rate of change for LV at each scale level, and the threshold of the aforementioned index that indicated the optimal segment level and merge level. The KRD classification results had overall accuracies of 85·50, 84·00 and 84·86 per cent for Liujiang, Changshun and Zhenyuan, respectively, and kappa coefficients are up to 0·8062, 0·7917 and 0·8083, respectively. This approach mapped six classes of KRD and offered a visually appealing presentation. Moreover, it proposed a conceptual and size‐variable object from the classification standard of KRD. The results demonstrate that the application of our method provides an efficient approach for the mapping of KRD. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

覆膜防沙治沙方法

沙漠、沙尘暴和沙化问题已经成为威胁人类生存的头号敌人，如何根治沙漠、沙尘暴和沙化是摆在人类面前的十分紧迫的任务。覆膜防沙治沙方法的研究和提出，成功地解决了人类面临的重大防沙治沙难题。为人类征服自然，征服沙漠树立了信心。介绍了覆膜防沙治沙的技术方式、方法、原理和覆膜栽培技术，供防沙治沙工程参考和推广。     

基于高斯自适应拟合的苹果目标分割方法研究

苹果目标的准确识别是苹果机械化采摘需要解决的关键问题之一。为此,基于YUV颜色空间模型,提出了一种结合色差分量与高斯自适应拟合算法的苹果目标分割方法。该方法采用首先将苹果目标由RGB颜色空间转换至YUV颜色空间,并利用色差分量V建立果实与背景分割的高斯分布拟合模型,根据拟合结果自动获取分割阈值,以实现自然场景下苹果目标的准确分割。为了验证文中算法的有效性,利用多幅图像进行了试验并与Otsu自适应阈值分割算法进行了比较。试验结果表明,采用文中算法得到的苹果果实的平均检出率达87.08%,识别率领先Otsu算法9.91%。因此,对于着色度较为均匀的苹果目标,采用高斯自适应拟合方法可以有效提高其识别率。     

In vitro rumen fermentation and digestibility of buffaloes as influenced by grape pomace powder and urea treated rice straw supplementation

This study aimed to investigate the effect of grape pomace powder levels and roughage sources on gas kinetics, digestibility and fermentation of swamp buffaloes by using in vitro techniques. The experimental design was a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design. Factor A was two sources of roughage (untreated rice straw, RS, and 3% urea treated rice straw, UTRS) and factor B was four levels of grape pomace powder (GPP) supplementation (0, 2, 4, 6% of substrate) on a dry matter basis. Results revealed that GPP supplementation at 2, 4 and 6% of substrate influenced gas kinetics. Cumulative gas production tended to be lower in the supplemented group. In vitro true digestibility was higher in the GPP supplementation at 2% with UTRS while microbial mass was higher in the supplemented groups. Supplementation of GPP significantly increased the total volatile fatty acids, especially propionate. Calculated methane production was subsequently decreased in the supplemented groups. Bacterial population was higher while protozoal population was lower by GPP supplementation. It could be concluded that supplementation of GPP at 2% of the substrate with UTRS improved in vitro true digestibility, rumen fermentation end‐products as well as reducing methane production.     

INVITED REVIEW—IMAGE REGISTRATION IN VETERINARY RADIATION ONCOLOGY: INDICATIONS,IMPLICATIONS, AND FUTURE ADVANCES

The field of veterinary radiation therapy (RT) has gained substantial momentum in recent decades with significant advances in conformal treatment planning, image‐guided radiation therapy (IGRT), and intensity‐modulated (IMRT) techniques. At the root of these advancements lie improvements in tumor imaging, image alignment (registration), target volume delineation, and identification of critical structures. Image registration has been widely used to combine information from multimodality images such as computerized tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET) to improve the accuracy of radiation delivery and reliably identify tumor‐bearing areas. Many different techniques have been applied in image registration. This review provides an overview of medical image registration in RT and its applications in veterinary oncology. A summary of the most commonly used approaches in human and veterinary medicine is presented along with their current use in IGRT and adaptive radiation therapy (ART). It is important to realize that registration does not guarantee that target volumes, such as the gross tumor volume (GTV), are correctly identified on the image being registered, as limitations unique to registration algorithms exist. Research involving novel registration frameworks for automatic segmentation of tumor volumes is ongoing and comparative oncology programs offer a unique opportunity to test the efficacy of proposed algorithms.     

基于"3S"技术的甘肃子午岭自然保护区土地利用变化研究

以甘肃省子午岭自然保护区为研究对象,运用"3S"技术,对研究区的地形图、不同时相的TM遥感影像进行数据预处理,并分类提取了研究区2个时段的土地利用信息.对分类信息进行统计分析后并与实地调查数据进行比较,结果表明,近20年来甘肃子午岭自然保护区的森林覆盖面积在稳步提高,乔木林面积明显增加.为甘肃子午岭自然保护区工程的建设提供了基础信息,为林区植物种群生长及分布调查研究提供了宏观数据,并且输出了研究区不同时相土地利用专题图.     

中华卵索线虫人工室内培养技术

为室内大量繁殖中华卵索线虫Ovomermis sinensis,采用个体由大到小的斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura、棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera和黏虫Mythimna separata作为宿主,测定被中华卵索线虫寄生后3种宿主的体长和体重,研究宿主种类对中华卵索线虫有效率、雌雄比和体长的影响以及寄生强度对线虫雌雄比的影响。结果显示,被中华卵索线虫寄生后,斜纹夜蛾、棉铃虫和黏虫生长减缓。在相同感染比例下（除宿主与线虫比为1∶15外）,3种宿主的线虫有效率之间差异不显著。当寄生强度为5时,3种宿主体内脱出的中华卵索线虫均为雌线虫;当寄生强度从10增到40时,斜纹夜蛾、棉铃虫和黏虫所脱出的雌性比分别由100.0%、90.0%、83.9%降为0;相同寄生强度下,从斜纹夜蛾体内脱出的雌性比显著高于从棉铃虫与黏虫体内脱出的雌性比。斜纹夜蛾、棉铃虫和黏虫体内脱出雌线虫和雄线虫平均体长分别为14.8、13.8、12.8 cm和8.0、7.5和7.5 cm。当中华卵索线虫与宿主按照比例20∶1～25∶1侵染斜纹夜蛾、按照15∶1侵染棉铃虫和黏虫时,能获得线虫最适雌雄比（1∶1...