蜂蜜中双甲脒残留量检测方法

本文建立了蜂蜜中双甲脒残留量的气相色谱分析方法,并对萃取溶剂及衍生化试剂等８进行了讨论。蜂蜜中的双脒经水解、净化和衍生化后,用气相色谱－电子捕获检测器测定。其回收率为９０．５％￣１００．１％,变异系数１．６４％￣４．４０％,最低检测浓度为０．００２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ。     

Emerging and re-emerging viruses of the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.)

Until the late 1980s, specific viral infections of the honey bee were generally considered harmless in all countries. Then, with the worldwide introduction of the ectoparasite mite Varroa destructor, beekeepers encountered increasing difficulties in maintaining their colonies. Epidemiological surveys and laboratory experiments have demonstrated that the newly acquired virulence of several viruses belonging to the family Dicistroviridae (acute bee paralysis virus, Kashmir bee virus and Israeli acute paralysis virus) in Europe and the USA had been observed in relation with V. destructor acting as a disseminator of these viruses between and within bee colonies and as an activator of virus multiplication in the infected individuals: bee larvae and adults. Equal emphasis is given to deformed wing virus (DWV) belonging to the Iflaviridae. Overt outbreaks of DWV infections have been shown to be linked to the ability of V. destructor to act not only as a mechanical vector of DWV but also as a biological vector. Its replication in mites prior to its vectoring into pupae seemed to be necessary and sufficient for the induction of a overt infection in pupae developing in non-viable bees with deformed wings. DWV in V. destructor infested colonies is now considered as one of the key players of the final collapse. Various approaches for combating bee viral diseases are described: they include selection of tolerant bees, RNA interference and prevention of new pathogen introduction. None of these approaches are expected to lead to enhanced bee-health in the short term.     

Parallel Mechanism Composed of Abdominal Cuticles and Muscles Simulates the Complex and Diverse Movements of Honey Bee (Apis mellifera L.) Abdomen

The abdominal intersegmental structures allow insects, such as honey bees, dragonflies, butterflies, and drosophilae, to complete diverse behavioral movements. In order to reveal how the complex abdominal movements of these insects are produced, we use the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) as a typical insect to study the relationship between intersegmental structures and abdominal motions. Microstructure observational experiments are performed by using the stereoscope and the scanning electron microscope. We find that a parallel mechanism, composed of abdominal cuticle and muscles between the adjacent segments, produces the complex and diverse movements of the honey bee abdomen. These properties regulate multiple behavioral activities such as waggle dance and flight attitude adjustment. The experimental results demonstrate that it is the joint efforts of the muscles and membranes that connected the adjacent cuticles together. The honey bee abdomen can be waggled, expanded, contracted, and flexed with the actions of the muscles. From the view point of mechanics, a parallel mechanism is evolved from the intersegmental connection structures of the honey bee abdomen. Here, we conduct a kinematic analysis of the parallel mechanism to simulate the intersegmental abdominal motions.     

不同结合方法对凤凰水蜜桃采后保鲜品质的研究

为寻找一种既有效又适合推广应用,而且符合食品安全的水蜜桃保鲜方法,以凤凰水蜜桃为试验材料,研究分析了在冷藏条件(1±0.5)℃下结合气调,分别用姜汁浸泡和超声波+姜汁浸泡对凤凰水蜜桃的保鲜效果。结果表明:从整体保鲜效果上来说,超声波+姜汁复合组保鲜效果最佳且显著好于对照组,与姜汁处理组差异不显著(P0.05);姜汁处理组能够有效地抑制呼吸强度,降低可溶性糖含量和提高MDA含量,超声波+姜汁处理组对于抑制采后桃果实SSC的下降、电导率和PPO酶活性效果显著,并能有效推迟呼吸高峰从第15天至第25天;低温(1±0.5)℃贮藏有效地抑制了冷害和褐变发生,冷藏温度适宜。总之,从经济、有效、安全指标综合考虑,采后低温(1±0.5)℃+姜汁处理贮藏可以作为一种绿色有效的保鲜措施进行推广应用。     

固定化酵母生产蜂蜜酒的研究

本文对固定化酵母生产蜂蜜酒的工艺条件进行了研究,通过L9(3~4)正交试验确定了最适固定化条件和最佳发酵条件。     

掺假及加工处理温度对蜂蜜淀粉酶值的影响

本文采用分光光度法，对掺入蔗糖、面粉浆及加热处理的蜂蜜淀粉酶值（ＤＮ）进行了测定。结果表明，掺假的蜂蜜酶值显著低于国家标准。掺假蜂蜜中蔗糖、面粉浆含量及加热温度高，酶值就愈低。实验证明，蜂蜜淀粉酶值是鉴别蜂蜜质量及判定蜂蜜加工处理中加热程度的一项重要指标。     

基于独立成分分析结合遗传算法的电子鼻蜜源检测特征信号挖掘

针对交叉敏感性传感器阵列电子鼻图谱含样品信息全、噪声杂、信号冗余等特点,该文根据盲信号处理原理,利用独立成分分析提取油菜蜜、椴树蜜、洋槐蜜电子鼻交叉信号中不同性质分离的独立信号。将各蜜源样本电子鼻信号矩阵延响应时间轴方向展开,统一了各样品间独立成分分解顺序的一致性,并保持了混合信号矩阵中蜂蜜样本的排序。根据不同独立成分数分离信号所带来的蜜源分类效果,8个独立成分为最优成分数。结合遗传算法筛选出各独立成分中代表蜜源样本间差异而无重复信息的特征响应点20个,来富集蜂蜜样本间的整体电子鼻差异信息,并发现大部分集中于信号的吸附阶段,少量出现于解析附阶段。油菜蜜、椴树蜜、洋槐蜜蜜源判别模型采用支持向量机算法建立,通过比较原始信号、电导变化最大值、主成分分析（principal component analysis, PCA）、独立成分分析（independent component analysis, ICA）、独立成分分析结合遗传算法（genetic algorithm, GA）这5种信号处理方式,发现ICA结合GA的特征信号挖掘效果最优,预测集判别率（95.0%）最高,其中油菜蜜、椴树蜜、洋槐蜜的预测集判别力分别为24/25、16/17、36/38;且与训练集判别率（96.3%）最接近,说明模型稳定性高、泛化能力强。结果表明该方法可以准确提取电子鼻信号中能代表蜂蜜蜜源差异信息的特征信号,并在保证蜜源分类效果的前提下,大幅减小电子鼻信号的数据量。该研究为去除电子鼻交叉信号中的冗余成分,并挖掘掩藏其下的差异信息提供了很好的指导意义,同时也拓宽了ICA的应用范围。