几个水稻品种碳素代谢特征的比较

结合饲料稻品种选育,在不同生育期对5个水稻品种（组合）进行了光合作用、呼吸作用、茎鞘非结构碳水化合物的积累和转运以及籽粒充实特性的比较研究。结果表明,不同品种其碳素代谢特性各不相同,杂交组合威优56光合作用、呼吸作用较强,茎鞘非结构碳水化合物在孕穗期积累丰富,到成熟期残留较少,后期籽粒充实速度下降缓慢,是一个碳素代谢十分旺盛的组合。常规稻辐丰早92－124在灌浆后期仍维持较高的光合强度和较强的籽粒充实速度,且成熟期茎鞘内非结构碳水化合物残留最少,也是一个后期碳素代谢较为理想的水稻品种。     

食用稻米品质形成研究的现状与展望

 就食用稻米组分、稻米品质研究进展进行了概述。剖析了传统的品质研究思路,分析了食用优质稻米研究与品种改良中存在的问题,即稻米品质性状的静态研究较多,动态形成的研究较少;对直链淀粉、蛋白质含量作了大量的研究,而对淀粉的结构研究较少;淀粉代谢和稻米品质形成过程中关键酶的动态研究较少。为此提出稻米品质形成规律研究中急需开展的研究内容及与其配套的研究新方法和新手段。     

水稻籽粒镉积累KASP分子标记LCd-38的开发与利用

水稻(Oryza sativaL.)是我国主粮作物之一,稻米镉污染对我国粮食安全造成一定威胁.镉低积累水稻品种的选育可有效降低水稻籽粒镉污染风险,高效准确的镉积累相关分子标记在镉低积累水稻品种选育中具有至关重要的作用.以水稻微核心种质为材料,基于籽粒镉积累关联基因的功能性SNP位点开发了KASP分子标记LCd-38.选...     

揭膜种植方式下不同灌水量对棉花干物质积累及产量的影响

[目的]研究揭膜种植方式下不同灌水量对棉花干物质积累、转运及产量的影响,为新疆滴灌棉花生育期揭膜后的水分管理提供理论依据.[方法]选择新陆早45号(水分胁迫迟钝型)和新陆早42号(水分胁迫敏感性)为供试材料,在出苗后40 d揭膜并设置3个水分处理,即4425 m3/hm2(W1)、5310 m3/hm2(W2)、663...     

The Relationship Between Wheat Seed Weight, Infection by Fusarium culmorum or Microdochium nivale, Germination and Seedling Disease

The distribution of seeds by weight for three lots of winter wheat cv. Avalon infected by Fusarium culmorum and three lots of winter wheat cv. Riband infected by Microdochium nivale was determined. The distribution of infected seeds within each seed lot was then determined by isolating F. culmorum from seeds on moist filter paper and M. nivale from seeds on potato dextrose agar. The distribution of M. nivale infected seeds between seeds of different weight was similar to that of the seed lot as a whole, whereas the distribution of F. culmorum was greater in light seeds than heavy seeds. The percentage germination of infected seeds decreased with seed weight. A similar situation was found with respect to seedling emergence in compost for F. culmorum infected seeds. However, with M. nivale infection, similar numbers of seedlings emerged from both light and heavy infected seeds. Seed treatment with guazatine increased seedling emergence for both light and heavy seed infected by M. nivale. However, seedling emergence from F. culmorum infected seed was poor even following treatment with guazatine. Poor emergence was most evident from light seed.     

Aggregation studied by laser diffraction in relation to plowing and liming in the Cerrado region in Brazil

In the Cerrado savanna region in Brazil, the effects of different land use on Oxisol aggregation were studied using laser diffraction grain size analyses. The topsoil of plowed systems had significantly lower amount of macroaggregates (2000–194 μm) and a significantly higher amount of soil in the microaggregate size and primary particle fraction (<76 μm) compared to pastures and the native Cerrado. In plowed systems low in soil organic carbon (SOC), lime had a negative effect on aggregate stability. Lime addition had no effect on topsoil aggregation in land use systems that were not plowed regularly and generally had a higher SOC content. For all the studied topsoils, pH_KCl was positively correlated with the amount of clay dispersed after 3 h of shaking in water. SOC did not influence clay dispersion in the range of soils studied. In continuous cropping systems in the Cerrado region, with a combination of mechanical stress and low SOC, liming will cause an increase in small aggregates and primary particles and hence contribute to a destabilization of the soil structure.     

新质源优质不育系岳4A的选育与应用

岳４Ａ是一个新胞质籼型优质三系不育系,花粉不育度和不育株率均为１００％,米质优,株叶型好,异交习性优良,配合力强,杂种一代米质优、丰产性好,利用前景广阔     

春小麦子粒蛋白质积累和产量形成规律及施氮的调节作用

以春小麦不同品质类型为材料,研究子粒蛋白质和干物质积累规律。结果表明,春小麦灌浆期子粒蛋白质百分含量总的趋势均呈“Ｖ”型变化。但不同品质类型存在差异。高蛋白类型灌浆前期蛋白质含量下降缓慢,曲线波动小,高产类型则相反,高产高蛋白类型虽前期下降快,但后期回升速度也快,最终有较高的蛋白质含量。粒重在整个灌浆过程中均呈上升趋势,并在接近成熟时趋于稳定。等量氮肥分期施用,生育前期施氮有利于产量的形成,开花期叶面喷氮,在提高蛋白质含量的同时具有增加粒重的双重作用。不同品质类型小麦光合产物的生产和分配方向不同,高产高蛋白品种光合能力强,光合产物多,能够兼顾产量和蛋白质的同时增加。后期保持高光合速率和叶面积持续过程是高产、高蛋白类型的重要生理特性。     

菜园土壤氮磷钾硫养分状况的研究

试验对哈尔滨市７ 个重点蔬菜产区共 ５９ 个耕层土样进行分析有机质, 全氮、磷、钾、速效氮、磷、钾和有效硫的含量。结果表明： 菜园土壤有机质, 全氮、磷, 速效氮、磷和硫的含量高于相邻粮田。全钾和速效钾的含量与相邻粮田相比, 增加的幅度很小, 并有一半反而下降。粮田土壤的有效硫指数 （ Ｓ Ａ Ｉ） 大部分属于低级。菜田土壤的 Ｓ Ａ Ｉ大部分属于中级。     

天津市大港地区枣粮间作丰产栽培技术

通过研究、分析,总结出大港地区枣粮间作模式和丰产栽培的技术要点。丰产栽培技术包括枣粮的肥水管理、保花保果技术、合理修剪和病虫害防治方法等。栽培模式可分为以枣为主、以粮为辅的间作模式;以粮为主、以枣为辅的间作模式;粮枣兼顾的模式。３种间作模式枣树栽植密度不同,但枣树定干高度应在１～１．４ｍ,树高度应控制在５～６ｍ为宜。