春小麦子粒蛋白质积累和产量形成规律及施氮的调节作用

以春小麦不同品质类型为材料，研究子粒蛋白质和干物质积累规律。结果表明，春小麦灌浆期子粒蛋白质百分含量总的趋势均呈“Ｖ”型变化。但不同品质类型存在差异。高蛋白类型灌浆前期蛋白质含量下降缓慢，曲线波动小，高产类型则相反，高产高蛋白类型虽前期下降快，但后期回升速度也快，最终有较高的蛋白质含量。粒重在整个灌浆过程中均呈上升趋势，并在接近成熟时趋于稳定。等量氮肥分期施用，生育前期施氮有利于产量的形成，开花期叶面喷氮，在提高蛋白质含量的同时具有增加粒重的双重作用。不同品质类型小麦光合产物的生产和分配方向不同，高产高蛋白品种光合能力强，光合产物多，能够兼顾产量和蛋白质的同时增加。后期保持高光合速率和叶面积持续过程是高产、高蛋白类型的重要生理特性。

THE ACCMULATION LAW OF GRAIN PROTEIN OF SPRING WHEAT AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH THE FORMATION OF YIELD

The study was carried out in 1994-1995. Several spring wheat cultivars differing in protein content, yield and quality were used to research the accumulation pattern of grain protein and dry matter. The cultivars used in the study are Roblin, New KH No. 9, NE7742. The results indicated that protein content during grain filling of spring wheat showed a high-low-highV shape dynamic change. The differences of protein accumulation among wheat genotypes differing in quality were found. The protein content of high-protein genotype declines slowly in early filling period, and the curve fluctuates much slightly, but reverse in high-yleld genotype. In type declines rapidly at the beginning of grain filling highyield with high-protein, but later goes up again rapidly as well, so in the end attains higher protein content. Grain weight increases consistently during the whole grain-filling duration and tends to be steady as approaching to maturity. Nitrogen supplied at the early stage of growth period benefits