Relationship between effective solar radiation and sap flow process during an entire growing season in Western Mountains of Beijing

In order to explore the relationship between the time processes of solar radiation and sap flow, sap flow velocity (SFV) of Platycladus orientalis and Pinus tabulaeformis, effective solar radiation (ESR) and other environmental factors were synchronously monitored for one year in the Beijing Western Mountains by using a thermal dissipation probe (TDP) system and an automatic weather station. Results showed significant differences between changes in diurnal characteristics of ESR and sap flow in sunny days during three seasons. Starting times of sap flow occurred generally 1.5–3 hours later than those of solar radiation and there were small differences between Platycladus orientalis and Pinus tabulaeformis. But peak times and stopping times of sap flow varied con-siderably with large contrasts in ESR. The duration of sap flow showed clear differences among the seasons owing to the variable rhythms of climate factors in Beijing. Fluctuation amplitude in the duration of sap flow remained relatively stable during the autumn but changed greatly during spring and summer. Changes in diurnal sap flow velocity of both Platycladus orientalis and Pinus tabu-laeformis were about 0–3 hours later than those of ESR but with the same configuration. The start of sap flow was mainly induced by the sudden intensification of ESR (sunrise effect). Seasonal models of SFV indicated that a cubic equation had the best fit. It was more practical to simulate seasonal water consumption models of trees with ESR. In further investigations, these models should be optimized.     

酚醛树脂对人工林杉木木材的浸注性及其改善的研究

研究了低分子量酚醛树脂对杉木木材的浸注性及树脂在木材内的分布状态，并对苯醇抽提前处理法、常压浸渍和真空浸注的效果进行了评价。无论抽提处理与否，常压浸渍的树脂水溶液充填率为理论最大浸注量的10％左右，而真空浸注可达到90％以上，真空浸注效果明显；无论是常压浸渍还是真空浸注，抽提处理后树脂的浸注性有很大改善，但常压浸渍的效果不是非常明显。软X射线解析样品纵向树脂分布状态结果表明：无论是否经过抽提处理，在常压浸渍的情况下，树脂主要分布在样品的端部，而经过真空浸注处理，树脂注入的深度增加，尤其经过抽提处理后树脂可达到样品中心。由此可见，抽提处理和真空浸注并用，使树脂的分布状态有很大改善。另外，抽提处理后样品之间树脂分布的差异也趋于减小，即树脂在样品间的分布状态也有改善。用实体显微镜观察树脂在木材细胞腔内的充填状况结果表明：沿着样品纵向从端部到中心树脂充填率呈下降趋势，而且抽提处理的充填率比未抽提处理的高。     

湿地松等20个树种种子射线造影技术研究

应用软Ｘ射线仪对湿地松等２０个树种种子进行衬比造影和直接造影技术研究，找出了各树种种子不同焦片片距（３００ｍｍ和２００ｍｍ）不同感光材料（Ｘ光胶片、普通胶片、相纸）的最适电压、电流和曝光时间，以及最适衬比剂、衬比浓度和衬比时间．     

论节能式炉气体木材干燥室的设计

本文讨论了节能式炉气干燥室设计的一些技术问题，如提高自生风引力增强通风；多种传热方式并用，增强传热，降低热损失的途径等，以达到节能降耗、快速干燥的目的。     

Differential overstory leaf flushing contributes to the formation of a patchy understory

Understory individuals were found to form patches in a 100-year-old deciduous broad-leaved forest. The closed forest canopy was uniform, and so the light conditions at various locations across the forest floor differed little after the leaf flush of the overstory. To explain the distribution pattern in the understory, a hypothesis was proposed: in spring, the forest floor is divided into patches according to the timing of leaf flush of the overstory individuals, and the light conditions are more favorable for understory plants under the crowns of trees with later-flushing leaves. In the plot, three groups of early, intermediate, and late, were recognized in the overstory concerning the timing of leaf flush. As for the start of leaf flush, a difference of 31.6 days was recognized among tree species, and for the end of leaf flush, a difference of 40.3 days. In the spring of 1998, the relative photosynthetic-photon-flux density under an intensively studiedCastanea crenata tree (late-flushing species) usually showed higher values than that under a similarly studiedAcer mono tree (early-flushing species). Analysis of the spatial-distribution pattern using Morisita’s1δ index revealed that the understory community had an aggregated distribution. In the overstory, the late- and the intermediate-flushing-species groups showed aggregated distributions, while the early-flushing-species group showed random distribution. Spatial correlation between the understory and the overstory was analyzed by using Morisita’sRδ index. The distribution of whole understory community spatially co-occurred with that of the late-flushing-species group of the overstory. In contrast, the understory community was less developed below the members of the early-flushing-species group of the overstory. We consider that the data presented here support our hypothesis, and we suggest that the growth and survival of understory individuals were promoted in the places receiving light for long periods in spring.     

Wood Moisture Content Measurement by X-Ray Exposure Method

lNTRoDUCTIONTheon-sitcnon-dcstructit'cmcasurcl11cntofu.oodmoisbocontcntattTactsgrcatintcrcsts.Itpla3'simpor-tantpartsinthescicntificrcscarchsucl1asonthchcatandmasstransportproccssesint"ooddri'ing.thcim-pregnationofliquidinxt'ood.thcmoisturccontcntdistri-b…     

谈地面辐射采暖方式的应用

本文阐述了地面辐射采暖的特点及辐射采暖的构造,施工方法及注意事项。     

四川盆地浅丘陵区农林复合系统内部天空散射辐射分布特性理论分析

根据四川盆地浅丘区农林复合系统特点,从理论上分析了该系统内天空散射辐射令布特征。提出了在林带和地形(坡度变化)的双重影响下的林带间平均相对辐照成分布特征,为农林复合系统的设计提供了依据;除林带本身产生“光胁地”外,地形变化即坡度的增加,叶“光胁地”效应有增强作用,对其范围有扩大作用。     

针对原木CT图像的一种中值滤波

在对传统的中值滤波和原木CT图像的特点的研究基础上,发现单纯地用中值滤波算法或均值滤波难以同时尽可能地消除混合噪声。针对这一问题,提出了一种改进的自适应中值滤波算法。对于不同的图像区域,算子也相应地有所不同,其中算子中的权值选取依赖于区域的灰度中值,且当某点的灰度越接近灰度中值,其权值就相应地越大。实践证明,新算法的处理结果优于传统的滤波算法和均值滤波,具有准确性和实时性。     

不同密度杉木林内辐射与叶面积垂直分布对生长的影响

本文通过对八年生杉木人工林内太阳辐射与叶面积垂直分布的观测与研究，用计算机绘图与计算，得出以下结果：杉木叶面积的垂直分布和叶面积指数与密度有关，冠形因密度增加由圆锥形变为圆柱形，叶面积指数是先上升后下降。杉木林内辐射的消减随密度的增加而加剧，在冠层深3／4处趋于平缓，当郁闭度低于0．85时，林冠下辐射有回升，用累加叶面积指数分层计算林冠消光系数，可减少因叶片分布不均匀而产生的误差，用累计值计算辐射，可简化观测与计算，用辐射吸收率、叶面积指数，杉木个体生物量及年均生物增长量4个指标对杉木林生长作综合评价，八年生杉木林生长的较适宜工是2m×1m。