3种中药废弃物栽培经济真菌可行性研究初报

为了探索利用3种中药废弃物栽培经济真菌的可行性,对葛根渣、桑枝、杜仲叶进行了理化性质研究和相关栽培试验。结果表明葛根渣、桑枝、杜仲叶的理化性质可以满足经济真菌生长需要,3种中药渣栽培的平菇、香菇在菌丝生长速度、菌丝状况和生物学效率方面与杂木屑差别较小。说明利用3种中药废弃物栽培经济真菌可行,具有很大的利用价值。     

不同处理方法对鸡骨草种子发芽的影响

鸡骨草种子由于表面有蜡质层,直播发芽率低,为使鸡骨草种子发芽得到保证,采用五种方法对鸡骨草种子进行处理,寻求有效的发芽方法来指导鸡骨草生产、提高种植效率和减少经济损失。     

阳泉市草本花卉引种栽培试验

本试验对内蒙赤峰市产的万寿菊、孔雀草、百日草、串红、鸡冠、矮牵牛和北京产的一、二级品质的串红、鸡冠、千日白共9个草本花卉品种在阳泉市进行了引种栽培试验。结果表明,9个品种在阳泉市引种栽培,可用于商品盆花生产和城市绿化美化。通过试验提出了相应的播种基质、种子处理、育苗管理方法和关键技术,并提出今后推广栽培和进一步引种试验的建议。     

中药多糖对雏鸡外周血中性粒细胞吞噬力的影响

将260只1日龄健康罗曼雏鸡随机分为13组,每组20只。分别于1日龄皮下注射生理盐水以及中药复方多糖、黄芪多糖（APS）、当归多糖（ASP）、淫羊藿多糖（EPS）,连续注射7d,于7、14、2l、28、35、42、49、56日龄采血,检测外周血中性粒细胞吞噬率和吞噬指数。试验结果表明,中药复方多糖、APS、ASP、EPS各试验组外周血中性粒细胞吞噬率和吞噬指数明显升高;并且中药复方多糖对外周血中性粒细胞吞噬率和吞噬指数的影响显著高于其他各多糖组。、     

不同产地矮地茶微量元素的形态分析

[目的]对不同产地矮地茶水煎液中微量元素进行形态分析。[方法]采用微量元素形态分析流程、原子吸收光谱法对7个产地矮地茶中微量元素Ca、Fe、Zn、Mn、Cu、Pb、Cd的初级及次级形态进行研究。[结果]7个产地野生矮地茶中微量元素含量为CaFeZnMnCuPb,Cd未检出,7种元素的提取率在33.05%~72.33%、浸留比在0.32~7.29、悬浮态颗粒吸附率在0.36%~25.30%,该法对各元素的加标回收率为90.5%~110.2%,相对标准偏差5%。[结论]7个产地矮地茶中7种微量元素均符合药用植物绿色行业标准,不同产地矮地茶同种微量元素含量有差异。     

草类根系对土壤抗冲性的强化效应

本文以研究草本植物根系密度、根量及土壤抗冲性的剖面特征为基础,首次对不同土层深度根系的减沙效应及提高土壤抗冲性的有效范围进行了定量分析。结果表明,草类根系提高土壤抗冲性的作用与其在剖面中的分布状况的关系极为密切;20cm土层内,根系的减沙效应不受坡度及雨强的影响,减沙效应系数平均在0.82以上。20cm以下土层根系的减沙效应明显降低。根据对不同坡度及雨强下根系提高土壤抗冲性的效应曲线及减沙效应的综合分析,确定出在坡度≤30°、雨强≤4.0mm/min条件下,草类根系密度超过166根/100cm²时对增进土壤抵抗径流冲剧有极其明显的作用,其根系的有效深度下限值为30cm。     

模拟酸雨胁迫下Ca2+对葱兰(Zephyranthes candida)的调控作用

探讨不同pH模拟酸雨对葱兰主要生理特性的影响及Ca²⁺的调控作用。通过盆栽试验,研究10 mmol/L Ca(NO₃)₂处理后不同pH(2.0、2.5、3.0、4.0和5.6)模拟酸雨胁迫对葱兰的有机物代谢、膜系统稳定性、抗氧化酶活性、叶绿素(Chl)及气体交换参数的影响。结果表明:随着pH的降低,葱兰叶片相对电导率(γ)、丙二醛(MDA)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)逐渐升高,可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖含量和过氧化物酶(POD)逐渐下降;Chl和净光合速率(Pn)随pH的降低而降低,气孔导度(Gs)和胞间CO₂浓度(c_i)先随pH的降低而升高,当pH 2.0时显著降低;在pH≤4.0时,可溶性糖与pH呈显著正相关,SOD和Pn均与pH呈显著负相关。同一强度酸雨胁迫下,经10 mmol/L Ca(NO₃)₂处理后,葱兰叶片中可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、POD、SOD、Chl和Pn均有不同程度的升高,γ和MDA显著降低,且各指标的变化随pH的降低变化不明显。模拟酸雨胁迫下,Ca²⁺能增强葱兰各项生理功能的稳定性,从而减轻酸雨对葱兰的伤害,试验还发现,Ca²⁺对葱兰的调控作用在强酸度(pH≤3.0)胁迫下,效果更明显。     

发酵中草药对仔猪生产性能和部分血液指标的影响

[目的]为进一步开发中草药发酵制剂及其推广应用提供理论依据。[方法]选择日龄及体重相近的25日龄健康仔猪300头,随机分为5组,研究添加发酵中草药对仔猪生产性能和健康状况的影响。[结果]日粮中添加400、600、800 g/t中草药发酵制剂后,与对照组相比仔猪的采食量分别提高了13.24%、19.14%和21.35%(P0.05),日增重分别提高了25.64%、61.90%和67.50%(P0.05或P0.01),料肉比分别降低了9.71%、26.29%和27.43%(P0.05)。血液总蛋白含量分别比对照组提高了8.87%、20.04%和20.12%(P0.05);血液尿素氮含量分别比对照组降低了55.98%、67.75%和68.36%(P0.01)。碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性分别比对照组提高了29.96%、59.00%和63.14%(P0.05或P0.01);热应激蛋白70(HSP70)分别比对照组降低了28.45%、47.64%和48.48%(P0.05或P0.01);免疫球蛋白G(Ig G)分别比对照组升高了47.10%、89.17%和90.97%(P0.01)。[结论]中草药发酵制剂可以显著促进仔猪生长发育,改善饲料转化率,明显降低应激反应和发病率。     

Soil seed banks are short-lived and triggered by the first effective rainfalls in the vacant lots of Santiago,Chile

We studied the temporal variation of the soil seed banks in the urban lots of Santiago, Chile. As most of the plants that emerge from the seed banks in lots are also found in open habitats and are easily germinable, we hypothesize that the seed banks in lots are highly dynamic and short-lived, with the bank depleted every year during the germination season to be reloaded with new seeds during the next seed dispersal period. In each 20 lots for two year (2017 and 2018), 9 soil samples were collected. These samples were obtained from three sampling points randomly distributed across the plots. The seed bank was estimated by seed germination in soil samples placed in plastic trays. The samples of all the lots were stratified at 2 °C by 3 months before sowing. In order to record the seed persistence, soil of three lots watered in 2017 for six months were dried and maintained under dark and non-watered conditions until re-sowing in autumn 2018. To determine if the seeds present cold-associated germination triggers, soils of five lots were maintained under dark conditions for 3 months (soils without cold stratification) for comparison with soils with cold stratification of the same lots. The above-ground plants were recorded in all lots for both years. Forty plant species were recorded in soil bank. The total emerged seedling densities ranged between 7,944 (2017) to 3,700 seedlings m^-2 (2018). Species per lot varied between 17 and 7 during 2017, and between 14 and 3 during 2018. In five lots, seedling densities were not statistically different between cold stratified soil at 2 ° C and non-stratified. In three lots with re-sown soil, seedling density of the first sowing (4,096 seedlings m^-2) was significantly higher than second sowing (201 seedlings m^-2). Thirty-seven plant species were recorded in the above-ground vegetation during 2017 and 42 species in 2018. Species frequency of the seed bank was positively correlated with species frequency of above-ground vegetation. Concluding, the bank is highly dynamic, short-lived, and is depleted every year during the germination season, which begins with effective rainfalls, would be reloaded with seeds during the seed dispersal period.     

The Collembola community of pure and mixed stands of beech (Fagus sylvatica) and spruce (Picea abies) of different age

The idea of establishing mixed forests that are better adapted to site conditions than spruce monocultures has attracted increasing attention of forest owners and governmental institutions over the last decades. Currently, beech is being replanted and an increasing proportion of German forests are mixed stands. Focusing on the reaction of the soil fauna to forest conversion, this study investigates the response of the Collembola community to replacement of beech by spruce or by mixed stands of beech and spruce. Stands of different age were investigated in a factorial design with the factors stand type (beech, spruce and mixed stands) and stand age (30 and 120 years). Collembola communities did not differ strongly between stand types and stand age and were dominated by Folsomia quadrioculata and Mesaphorura species (e.g. Mesaphorura macrochaeta). Moreover, neither total abundance of Collembola nor densities of the fungal feeding euedaphic Onychiurinae and Tullbergiinae significantly responded to stand type and stand age. The density of the epedaphic and partly herbivorous groups Symphypleona/Neelipleona and Entomobryidae in the 120-year-old stands significantly exceeded that in the 30-year-old stands; presumably, this was due to the well developed herb layer in the 120-year-old stands with more open canopies. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) of the Collembola community of the L/F horizon also indicated that most of the epigeic species were associated with the 120-year-old stands. Moreover, the diversity of Collembola significantly increased with forest age which likely reflects increased amount and diversity of food resources in the 120-year-old stands. The density of the hygrophilous species Fo. quadrioculata was significantly higher in the spruce than in the beech stands; probably this was due to the higher water content in litter of the spruce stands. Moreover, the results of the CCAs indicated that soil pH is an important structuring force for the Collembola communities. Overall, the results suggest that stand type and forest age impact Collembola communities, presumably via changes in the amount and quality of food resources, such as living plant and herb litter materials. The pronounced changes which occurred with forest age likely were related to the development of more dense and diverse herb layer in mature forests which provides additional food resources in particular for epedaphic species. On the other hand, dominant species/functional groups of Collembola, such as hemiedaphic species, appear to depend predominantly on abiotic factors, most importantly soil pH and soil water content.