阳泉市草本花卉引种栽培试验

本试验对内蒙赤峰市产的万寿菊、孔雀草、百日草、串红、鸡冠、矮牵牛和北京产的一、二级品质的串红、鸡冠、千日白共9个草本花卉品种在阳泉市进行了引种栽培试验。结果表明,9个品种在阳泉市引种栽培,可用于商品盆花生产和城市绿化美化。通过试验提出了相应的播种基质、种子处理、育苗管理方法和关键技术,并提出今后推广栽培和进一步引种试验的建议。     

复方盐酸头孢噻呋混悬剂的药代动力学研究

利用药物动力学的方法考察复方盐酸头孢噻呋混悬剂是否具备缓释长效的特点,同时研究鱼腥草油对头孢噻呋药代动力学的影响。36只SPF大鼠随机平均分成三组:A组单剂量注射复方盐酸头孢噻呋混悬剂,B组单剂量注射盐酸头孢噻呋混悬剂,C组单剂量注射头孢噻呋钠粉针;三组注射剂量均为50 mg/(kg.bw)。采用反相高效液相色谱内标法测定血浆药物浓度,并以DAS2.0药动学程序和SPSS(11.0)统计软件对所得数据进行分析。A、B、C组药时数据均符合一级吸收二室模型(权重=1/cc),主要动力学参数如下:A组:T1/2Ka=(1.253±0.100)h,Tpeak=(2.000±0.000)h,Cmax=(35.203±5.732)mg/L,AUC=(229.51±18.278)mg.h/L;B组:T1/2Ka=(0.341±0.090)h,Tpeak=(1.000±0.000)h,Cmax=(43.919±1.51)mg/L,AUC=(188.488±9.611)mg.h/L;C组:T1/2Ka=(0.044±0.012)h,Tpeak=(0.167±0.000)h,Cmax=(159.091±19.971)mg/L,AUC=(128.554±6.625)mg.h/L。实验数据表明,复方盐酸头孢噻呋混悬剂肌肉注射后,其药物动力学特征表现为吸收缓慢,血药浓度平稳,消除半衰期延长,生物利用度高等特点,在临床上注射1次,连用3 d,可以维持有效血液浓度。     

Habitat specialists and generalists drive homogenization and differentiation of temperate forest plant communities at the regional scale

In European temperate forests, changes in the compositional similarity among local plant communities (beta diversity) have rarely been studied due to the lack of adequate baseline data. Several studies, however, report the spread of common, generalist species or a decline in specialized, rare species. Both processes may lead to increased similarity among communities, i.e., biotic homogenization.To quantify changes in beta diversity, we resampled the herb layer composition of ancient broadleaf forests at 175 semi-permanent plots distributed across the Weser-Elbe region in NW Germany 20 years after first sampling. We hypothesized that beta diversity would have decreased on average as a result of a spread of habitat generalists and a decline in habitat specialists.After two decades, the forest communities did not yet exhibit severe biotic impoverishment, although there was a broad trend towards homogenization. The actual magnitude of change depended on which beta diversity measure was applied. The downward trend was primarily the result of the spread of native species that are able to tolerate broad pH and moisture ranges. A distinction between forest specialists (closely tied to forest habitats) and generalists (also found in open habitats) did not help explain changes in beta diversity. The study shows that on the regional scale and in habitats not yet threatened by the invasion of alien species, shifts in native species can promote biotic homogenization.     

菌草香菇与木屑香菇品质的比较分析

分析了菌草香菇和木屑香菇中蛋白质、氨基酸、水溶性香菇多糖、重金属以及甲醛含量。结果表明，菌草香菇的营养成分接近于、有的甚至略高于木屑香菇，是一种营养价值较高的食用菌。     

中草药在无公害水产养殖中的应用研究

中草药有来源广泛、价廉效优、毒副作用小、不易形成动物机体药物残留和影响水产品质量等特点,阐述了中草药在无公害水产养殖中的应用研究.     

中草药添加剂对肉兔增重及成活率的影响

选取35日龄新西兰白兔30只随机分成6组,即对照组(A组)、试验组(B组、C组、D组、E组、F组)。利用本地丰富的中草药资源,筛选何首乌、蒲公英、辣蓼、杜仲、银杏叶、绞股蓝、松针、甘草、黄柏、车前草等十几种常见的中草药,按一定的比例配制成组方,然后分别以0.5%、1%、3%、5%、7%的比例加入试验组兔的基础日粮。试验结果表明,试验组与对照组相比增重提高,差异极显著(P<0.01),而试验组间差异不显著(P>0.05);各试验组与对照组相比,料重比分别下降19.10%、20.35%、25.11%、23.45%、23.16%;饲料利用率提高,经济效益极显著(P<0.01);发病率下降,成活率提高。     

模拟酸雨胁迫下Ca2+对葱兰(Zephyranthes candida)的调控作用

探讨不同pH模拟酸雨对葱兰主要生理特性的影响及Ca²⁺的调控作用。通过盆栽试验,研究10 mmol/L Ca(NO₃)₂处理后不同pH(2.0、2.5、3.0、4.0和5.6)模拟酸雨胁迫对葱兰的有机物代谢、膜系统稳定性、抗氧化酶活性、叶绿素(Chl)及气体交换参数的影响。结果表明:随着pH的降低,葱兰叶片相对电导率(γ)、丙二醛(MDA)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)逐渐升高,可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖含量和过氧化物酶(POD)逐渐下降;Chl和净光合速率(Pn)随pH的降低而降低,气孔导度(Gs)和胞间CO₂浓度(c_i)先随pH的降低而升高,当pH 2.0时显著降低;在pH≤4.0时,可溶性糖与pH呈显著正相关,SOD和Pn均与pH呈显著负相关。同一强度酸雨胁迫下,经10 mmol/L Ca(NO₃)₂处理后,葱兰叶片中可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、POD、SOD、Chl和Pn均有不同程度的升高,γ和MDA显著降低,且各指标的变化随pH的降低变化不明显。模拟酸雨胁迫下,Ca²⁺能增强葱兰各项生理功能的稳定性,从而减轻酸雨对葱兰的伤害,试验还发现,Ca²⁺对葱兰的调控作用在强酸度(pH≤3.0)胁迫下,效果更明显。     

发酵中草药对仔猪生产性能和部分血液指标的影响

[目的]为进一步开发中草药发酵制剂及其推广应用提供理论依据。[方法]选择日龄及体重相近的25日龄健康仔猪300头,随机分为5组,研究添加发酵中草药对仔猪生产性能和健康状况的影响。[结果]日粮中添加400、600、800 g/t中草药发酵制剂后,与对照组相比仔猪的采食量分别提高了13.24%、19.14%和21.35%(P0.05),日增重分别提高了25.64%、61.90%和67.50%(P0.05或P0.01),料肉比分别降低了9.71%、26.29%和27.43%(P0.05)。血液总蛋白含量分别比对照组提高了8.87%、20.04%和20.12%(P0.05);血液尿素氮含量分别比对照组降低了55.98%、67.75%和68.36%(P0.01)。碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性分别比对照组提高了29.96%、59.00%和63.14%(P0.05或P0.01);热应激蛋白70(HSP70)分别比对照组降低了28.45%、47.64%和48.48%(P0.05或P0.01);免疫球蛋白G(Ig G)分别比对照组升高了47.10%、89.17%和90.97%(P0.01)。[结论]中草药发酵制剂可以显著促进仔猪生长发育,改善饲料转化率,明显降低应激反应和发病率。     

Soil seed banks are short-lived and triggered by the first effective rainfalls in the vacant lots of Santiago,Chile

We studied the temporal variation of the soil seed banks in the urban lots of Santiago, Chile. As most of the plants that emerge from the seed banks in lots are also found in open habitats and are easily germinable, we hypothesize that the seed banks in lots are highly dynamic and short-lived, with the bank depleted every year during the germination season to be reloaded with new seeds during the next seed dispersal period. In each 20 lots for two year (2017 and 2018), 9 soil samples were collected. These samples were obtained from three sampling points randomly distributed across the plots. The seed bank was estimated by seed germination in soil samples placed in plastic trays. The samples of all the lots were stratified at 2 °C by 3 months before sowing. In order to record the seed persistence, soil of three lots watered in 2017 for six months were dried and maintained under dark and non-watered conditions until re-sowing in autumn 2018. To determine if the seeds present cold-associated germination triggers, soils of five lots were maintained under dark conditions for 3 months (soils without cold stratification) for comparison with soils with cold stratification of the same lots. The above-ground plants were recorded in all lots for both years. Forty plant species were recorded in soil bank. The total emerged seedling densities ranged between 7,944 (2017) to 3,700 seedlings m^-2 (2018). Species per lot varied between 17 and 7 during 2017, and between 14 and 3 during 2018. In five lots, seedling densities were not statistically different between cold stratified soil at 2 ° C and non-stratified. In three lots with re-sown soil, seedling density of the first sowing (4,096 seedlings m^-2) was significantly higher than second sowing (201 seedlings m^-2). Thirty-seven plant species were recorded in the above-ground vegetation during 2017 and 42 species in 2018. Species frequency of the seed bank was positively correlated with species frequency of above-ground vegetation. Concluding, the bank is highly dynamic, short-lived, and is depleted every year during the germination season, which begins with effective rainfalls, would be reloaded with seeds during the seed dispersal period.     

草类根系对土壤抗冲性的强化效应

本文以研究草本植物根系密度、根量及土壤抗冲性的剖面特征为基础,首次对不同土层深度根系的减沙效应及提高土壤抗冲性的有效范围进行了定量分析。结果表明,草类根系提高土壤抗冲性的作用与其在剖面中的分布状况的关系极为密切;20cm土层内,根系的减沙效应不受坡度及雨强的影响,减沙效应系数平均在0.82以上。20cm以下土层根系的减沙效应明显降低。根据对不同坡度及雨强下根系提高土壤抗冲性的效应曲线及减沙效应的综合分析,确定出在坡度≤30°、雨强≤4.0mm/min条件下,草类根系密度超过166根/100cm²时对增进土壤抵抗径流冲剧有极其明显的作用,其根系的有效深度下限值为30cm。