樊净山自然保护区黔金丝猴生境选择的研究

适宜的生境是珍稀濒危生物生存的决定性条件,对珍稀濒危生物生境的系统研究是生物多样性保护的前提。金丝猴是中国特有并且珍稀的濒危物种,黔金丝猴又是三种金丝猴中分布最为狭窄、对生境要求最为苛刻的一种。本文从黔金丝猴的最佳适宜生境、适宜生境和较适宜生境三个生境选择方面对生境内植物群落特征、环境因子、极端环境因子等进行了系统分析,对黔金丝猴的季节活动规律、活动区域和食物特点进行了系统的研究。结果表明常绿针阔混交林是黔金丝猴的最佳生存的植被群落,其最适宜的年均温度为8～15C,极端最低温度为-2.5C,极端最高温度为25C,最适宜生存的海拔高度为1500～1700m。在同一区域,植物多样性越多,越适宜黔金丝猴的生存。温度和食物是决定黔金丝猴种群活动范围大小的主要生境因子,海拔高度、植被群落特征、温度是黔金丝猴对生境选择的主要限制因子。图3表3参16。     

一种确定林业发展项目的有效工具(英文)

在云南省绿春县的有些村庄,由砍柴造成的森林破坏是造成环境退化的主要原因。在黑河流域的上游,不断加剧的水土流失和河床抬升对下游上百万的人们构成威胁。尽管人们对森林破坏和土地的可持续利用、社区可持续发展之间的关系不是不了解,但当生存压力存在的时候就会忽略由此造成的对未来的影响。对于村民来说,他们已经意识到了他们的生存状况,并讨论解决的有效途径,而不是单纯等待外界的援助和干预。问题的关键是如何将这些变化和影响以一种直观和形象的方式向村民解释,并且让包括文盲在内的所有人都能理解。从这方面考虑,图形的东西比文字和数字分析更有优势。本文采用MIGIS(移动交互式地理信息系统的英文缩写,它包括两部分的内容,即PLA-参与式学习和行动和GIS-地理信息系统)在云南省绿春县哈尼族村寨来协助进行村民自发的造林规划。图6表1参16。     

竹业在社会主义新农村建设中的作用及应注意的问题——以龙游县为例

以龙游县为例,分析了竹业富民、生态环境保护、乡村绿化和景观改善、农村剩余劳动力就地安置、农民素质提高等竹业在社会主义新农村建设中的作用,提出了竹林立地生产力衰退、竹产业链环节的利益分配、竹业生产中的环境恶化等方面的现实问题及解决这些问题的建议。     

论中国的环境税--税收手段治理环境

环境税是政府通过税收手段矫正制度失灵(市场失灵和政府失灵),实现环境保护和资源保护的一个有效工具。环境税的征收从经济角度为解决我国日益严重的环境问题提供了思路,但目前我国的环境保护税费制度不适应市场经济体制。我国环境税制建设本身需要分为近期和远期规划进行实施,同时需要从宏观方面进行配套建设。     

基于仿真理论确定缓冲特性曲线方法的研究

本论文探索了一条确定缓冲特性方法的新途径，通过测定缓冲材料的静态特性与一次动态；中击数据为基础，建立数学模型，利用最小二乘法进行误差分析，并使用Madab/Simulink软件仿真出缓冲特性曲线。这种方法得出的缓冲特性曲线准确性高、试验周期短，待理论成熟必将成为今后缓冲材料特性测试的主要方法。     

森林资源环境价值核算评价研究综述

综述了环境价值研究的3条线索，其中环境价值计量是研究的核心与关键，对森林资源的环境价值核算与评价，是建立在环境与资源理论方法研究的进展，林业自然科学技术尤其是生态学研究进展，以及其他资源与环境部门的研究的基础上，该领域的研究可以划分三个阶段，当前的研究，处于确立规范的研究方法进一步发展阶段。     

Smallholder perceptions of agroforestry projects in Panama

The potential effects of agroforestry systems on conservation and development have been well documented. Panama has seen a substantial rise in the number of projects with an agroforestry component in the 1990s. There has been insufficient research on the actual impacts of these projects on smallholders and of farmers' attitudes towards these systems. This study explores the perceived socioeconomic and environmental impacts of five agroforestry projects in Panama. A total of 68 smallholders were administered semi-structured interviews. In addition, 13 agroforestry experts from NGOs, government departments and research institutes were interviewed, and their responses were compared with those of the smallholders. While the projects led to an increase in the standard of living by providing wood products and fruit for domestic consumption, farm income levels generally remained unchanged. This was due primarily to limited market development, the lack of marketing organizations and poor access roads. In terms of environmental impacts, the farmers' responses suggested a slight decline in slash-and-burn agriculture, and an increase in tree planting activities. Some environmental benefits were observed by farmers, including reduced soil erosion, increased soil fertility, and improved quality and quantity of water sources. Nevertheless, slash-and-burn agriculture was still the norm for the majority of farmers. Most farmers continued to harvest wood from primary and secondary growth to meet their domestic wood requirements, rather than relying on trees planted in agroforestry projects. The main obstacles preventing increased agroforestry adoption included insufficient agroforestry extension, inappropriate project design or management (such as top-down management approaches, and the use of food incentives), smallholders' economic constraints, and larger policy issues. Recommendations are proposed to improve project design and management, and to address the economic and policy constraints. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Structure and regeneration dynamics of dominant tree species along altitudinal gradient in a dry valley slopes of the Bhutan Himalaya

The aim of our study was to characterize the structure and regeneration dynamics of dominant tree species along altitudinal gradient in dry valley slopes of the Bhutan Himalaya. In the typical dry valley slopes of west-central Bhutan, we analyzed forest stratification, tree crown projection, and population structure from lower dry valley bottom (1520 m a.s.l.) to upper humid ridge top (3370 m a.s.l.) across five major forest types: i.e. (1) dry pine forest with Pinus roxburghii as a dominant species; (2) mixed broad-leaved forest with Quercus lanata (evergreen), Quercus griffithii, (deciduous), and Rhododendron arboreum (evergreen) as major canopy species; (3) evergreen broad-leaved forest dominated by Quercus semecarpifolia, Quercus glauca and Quercus oxyodon; (4) cool conifer forest dominated by Abies densa and Tsuga dumosa; (5) cold conifer forest with A. densa and Juniperus recurva as dominants. In general, regeneration pattern of major dominant species shifted from inverse-J (lower altitudes), to sporadic (mid-altitudes), and to uni-modal type (upper altitudes) corresponding to three regeneration trends: (1) invasive at the lower, warm, dry forest under relatively strong human disturbances; (2) stable/balanced at the mid-altitude, in a relatively stable, mature moist evergreen broad-leaved forest with gap regeneration; and (3) poor/low regeneration at the upper, cool, humid conifer forest with a continuously cattle-grazed understory. Overall, regeneration patterns were balanced in all forest types, however care should be taken to prevent excessive exploitation of dry pine forest of lower valley bottom, and to control cattle grazing at higher altitudes. Our findings can be incorporated into management plans for sustainable management and conservation of mountain forests.     

基于GIS的秦岭火地塘森林景观生物量变化趋势分析

在GIS技术的支持下，通过格网取样法获得研究区样点基本环境要素数据及样点单位面积生物量数据；以环境要素数据为自变量，样点单位面积生物量为因变量，采用二元四次多项式建立趋势方程并生成立体模型。研究结果表明，海拔、坡度、坡向等环境因素及其组合对森林景观生物现存量影响显著，森林植被本身的生物学特征及其它干扰因素也对其有重要影响。     

环境伦理学对中国风景园林发展的启示

论述了环境伦理学指导我国园林发展的必要性,以及环境伦理学对我国园林发展的启示,从而对环境伦理学在园林事业发展中的应用进行探讨,提出在城市发展决策和风景园林规划设计,以及在相关法律、法规和行政机构、社会结构中确立环境伦理学价值观的重要意义。