东南沿海不同相思树种叶绿素荧光特性的季相变化

以东南沿海防护林6种相思树种为研究对象,通过跟踪测定其不同季节叶绿素荧光参数,进一步评价各树种对沿海沙地气候环境的适应能力。结果显示：卷荚相思夏季和冬季PSⅡ最大光能转化率和潜在活性均低于春季和秋季,表明夏季高温干旱和冬季低温均会制约其生长;大叶、厚荚及马占相思冬季PSⅡ最大光能转化率和潜在活性较小,生长状况较差;肯氏相思和纹荚相思的Fv／Fm及Fv／Fo值冬季相对较高,其中季节更替对肯氏相思Fv／Fm及Fv／Fo,值变化影响最小,整体生长状况较好。结合林分生长情况可知,大叶、厚荚及马占相思对东南沿海沙地环境适应能力较差;肯氏相思和纹荚相思能够适应沿海防护林的复杂环境,具有较高的推广种植潜力。     

铜胁迫对鸢尾叶片叶绿素荧光参数的影响

利用水培试验研究了重金属铜（Cu）胁迫下鸢尾叶片的叶绿素荧光特性,为利用鸢尾处理重金属废水提供理论依据。结果表明,在30 mg/L Cu胁迫下,随着胁迫处理时间延长,鸢尾叶片最大光化学量子产量（Fv/Fm）、相对光合电子传递速率（ETR）先下降后上升,光化学淬灭系数（qP）则先上升后下降,非光化学淬灭系数（qN）一直处于下降趋势;在120 mg/L Cu胁迫下,随着胁迫处理时间延长,鸢尾叶片Fv/Fm、qP持续降低,qN先上升后下降,而 ETR则先下降后上升。可见,30 mg/L Cu对鸢尾叶片光系统Ⅱ反应中心的光化学电子传递有促进作用,而高质量浓度（120 mg/L）Cu会导致PSⅡ反应中心部分关闭。     

钼胁迫对烟草光合荧光参数和叶绿体超微结构的影响

为探明烟草响应钼胁迫光合生理机制,研究了缺钼胁迫对烟草光合气体交换、叶绿素荧光参数和叶绿体超微结构的影响。结果表明:缺钼培养10 d后,烟苗光合色素含量和净光合速率较对照有所降低,胞间二氧化碳浓度、气孔导度和蒸腾速率提高,光系统初始荧光和非光化学猝灭系数提高,光合电子传递速率和最大光化学效率降低,但差异均不显著;烟苗的叶绿体基类片层和基质片层排列松散,淀粉粒数量少。培养20 d时,缺钼和对照烟苗的多数指标差异显著。培养30 d时,除蒸腾速率外,缺钼和对照烟苗的其它指标差异均显著,叶绿体片层结构受损严重,淀粉粒发育差。缺钼胁迫损伤了叶绿体超微结构,抑制了原初光能转化效率,降低了光合能力。且随胁迫时间延长,缺素表现明显。     

马苏里拉干酪关键加工工艺技术参数的优化和设备的研发

目前,我国干酪生产企业较少,生产加工工艺技术还不够成熟,主要沿袭国外技术,有关干酪生产的工艺和设备方面的研究也较少。本文就马苏里拉干酪的生产进行了论述,优化了关键加工工艺参数,自主研发了工业化生产马苏里拉干酪的关键设备,生产的产品质量和产量均符合设计要求。     

Optimization of experimental infection protocols for the estimation of genetic parameters of resistance to White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) in Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei

Two infection protocols, individual oral (IO) and waterborne infection (WB), were evaluated to challenge Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei with White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV). Five different batches of full and half-sib families were infected experimentally and tested for growth performance under commercial growth conditions. The genetic variance for WSSV resistance was estimated using a linear sire-dam repeatability model that considers test-day survival as the dependent variable. The heritability estimates using the IO protocol ranged from 0.01 ± 0.00 to 0.02 ± 0.01, whereas the heritability estimates using the WB infection protocol were not significantly different from zero. The genetic correlations measured as the product moment correlation between full-sib family breeding values for resistance to WSSV and harvest body weight in ponds were unfavourable in three of the five batches and favourable in one of them. The dosage of WSSV was better controlled with IO oral infection than with other methods, with all animals being exposed to approximately the same risk of infection at the same time. This should improve the accuracy of the genetic parameters and hence improve the accuracy of the breeding values. It should, however, be noted that once the outbreak was established and the mortalities began, the shape and the magnitude of the slope of the mortality curves showed little difference in the infection pattern between batches irrespective of the dosage and infection protocol, and in most of the cases the cumulative mortality was greater than 80%. The main reason for this is probably the high densities of animals in the tanks needed for the genetic evaluations.     

Some Aspects of the Growth of Gracilaria birdiae (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) in an Estuary in Northeast Brazil

The agarophyte Gracilaria birdiae Plastino & Oliveira was cultivated under field conditions in an estuary over a 6-month period. Biomass production varied significantly (p<0.01) and ranged from 900.0 to 3537.0 g m⁻² with a mean of 2124.4±1004.36 g m⁻² over the cultivation period. The epiphyte-biomass varied from 64.7 to 313 g m⁻², with maximum values observed in July. Relative growth rate (RGR) of G. birdiae varying from −0.59 to 4.67% day⁻¹, with a maximum mean observed in July. Correlation analysis showed that RGR was positively correlated with epiphyte-biomass (R-Pearson=0.69; p< 0.01) and negatively correlated with salinity (R-Pearson=−0.41; p<0.05). These correlations were used in a mathematical regression model to estimate the growth of Gracilaria in an estuary. The regression model explained 61% of RGR variability demonstrating that growth rates of Gracilaria were directly related to the variables salinity and epiphytes. The model was developed to help to predict production at a cultivation site in order to evaluate its suitability for Gracilaria cultivation.     

发酵油茶饼粕饲喂荷斯坦牛的试验研究

试验采用发酵油茶饼粕代替部分豆粕饲喂泌乳期荷斯坦牛,旨在研究其对奶牛产奶量、乳品质和血液生化指标的影响。试验选取16头泌乳天数相近的荷斯坦牛,采用配对分组设计4个处理组：对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别在基础日粮的精料中,用发酵油茶饼粕分别代替15％、30％和45％的豆粕。试验结果表明,发酵油茶饼粕代替部分豆粕饲喂泌乳期荷斯坦牛,对其产奶量、乳蛋白和乳脂率有一定的提升作用．且发酵油茶饼粕价格相对于豆粕有很大的优势;采用发酵油茶饼粕饲喂荷斯坦牛,能够有效降低饲养成本,值得推广应用。     

Nitrification kinetics of biofilm as affected by water quality factors

Various types of fixed film biofilters have been used in recirculating aquaculture systems under different water quality and operating conditions. The effectiveness of the nitrification process can be evaluated by nitrification kinetics. Nitrification in the bacterial film of the biofilter involves physical, chemical and biological processes that are governed by a variety of parameters such as substrate and dissolved oxygen concentrations, organic matters, temperature, pH, alkalinity, salinity and turbulence level. The impacts of these parameters upon nitrification kinetics make predicting the performance of a biofilter for a given application an engineering challenge. Knowing the performance of a biofilter is critical for both designers and managers. This paper summarizes the current knowledge on nitrification kinetics as affected by the aforementioned factors based on literature and the results from the authors’ laboratories. These factors were ranked according to their significance of impact on biofilter nitrification performance. The information presented can be used as a reference for the design and operation of biofilters in recirculating aquaculture systems.