土壤铅污染对苋菜生长和矿质元素含量的影响

采用土培试验研究了不同水平铅处理下苋菜生长和矿质元素吸收的相关指标.结果表明:较高浓度(0.4 mol/kg)铅胁迫下苋菜的生长受到明显抑制,其中根受到的抑制程度最高.铅对苋菜第3和第4片成熟叶面积扩展的抑制作用比对叶干物质的积累大,导致单位叶面积干重增大.土壤中过量铅明显增加了苋菜各器官中铅的含量并主要积累在根部,降低了苋菜对铁、钾、钙、镁的吸收和向地上部分运输的速率而导致含量降低.     

福建省尤溪县铅污染环境调查及其防治对策初探

本文以福建省三明市尤溪县铅锌矿区周边环境为研究对象,考察当地自然经济概况,对尤溪县铅锌矿产分布特征及土壤、水体铅污染现状进行调查,并以梅仙镇坪寨村为重点研究区域,评价其土壤、作物、水体中铅污染现状,分析铅污染的主要来源及原因,并提出尤溪县铅污染防治对策和措施。     

浅谈食品中铅含量测定的质量控制的必要性及意义

正我们生活的环境中,铅的污染源主要来源于冶炼厂、含铅使用的材料、加铅汽油废气等。生活中铅中毒是蓄积性中毒,通过空气、饮水、被污染的食物和土壤进入人体内而引起铅中毒。人体内如果进入铅以后,有一部分铅会经过肠道和肾脏排出体外。而另一部分铅会留在人体内,取代骨中的钙,从而蓄积于骨骼。随着铅蓄积量的增加,人体就会出现中毒性反应。铅中毒会让人引起造血、神经系统及肾脏     

几种花卉对铅积累能力的比较研究

为寻找铅污染土壤净化和景观化的花卉植物,采用盆栽方法,研究了3种花卉对铅污染土壤的修复能力。结果表明,3种花卉中送春花(Godetia amoena)地上部吸收富集铅的量最大,积累铅能力最强,其次为勿忘我(Limonium sinuatum),马络葵(Malope trifida)吸收积累铅能力最弱。在Pb浓度为1 000 mg/kg时,3种花卉耐性均较强,可用作铅污染土壤的稳定修复植物。     

几种菊科花卉植物对铅的富集特征

为寻找铅污染土壤净化和景观化材料,采用盆栽方法,研究3种菊科观赏花卉在铅污染条件下对铅的富集特征。结果表明3种花卉中观赏向日葵地上部和根部吸收富集铅的含量最大,积累铅能力最强,其次为百日草,勋章菊吸收积累铅能力最弱。在Pb浓度为1000 mg · kg -1时,观赏向日葵和百日草耐性较强,可用作铅污染土壤的稳定修复植物。     

铅污染对黄瓜幼苗脯氨酸及叶绿素含量的影响

应用砂培盆栽方式,研究了不同浓度铅对黄瓜幼苗脯氨酸和叶绿素含量的影响。结果表明:在铅浓度50-500mg/L范围内,脯氨酸含量随铅浓度的升高而增加;在铅浓度100-700mg/L范围内,叶绿素含量随着铅浓度的升高而降低。     

重金属铅污染下的水稻地上部器官富集特征与高光谱识别模型的构建

[目的]构建重金属铅污染下的水稻地上部器官富集特征与高光谱识别模型。[方法]以南粳44和两优培九2个水稻品种为材料,通过盆栽试验,研究了不同浓度铅污染下水稻地上部器官对铅的富集特征,以及冠层光谱特征和植株各器官铅含量的定量关系。[结果]2个水稻品种整株、茎、叶和穗各器官铅含量均随着铅污染处理浓度的增加而加大,且茎中含量最高;不同浓度铅污染胁迫下的水稻冠层反射光谱曲线在可见光红光波段也存在差异,随着铅处理浓度增大,光谱曲线反射值降低,去除包络线后归一化深度加大。通过构建NDVI(x)与水稻器官中铅含量的多种关系模型,比较了模型预测的显著性,分别构建了适用于2个水稻品种各器官的铅胁迫遥感监测的预测模型,南粳44分别为y整株=2 270.4x2-2 292.8x+577.35,y茎=4 260.9x2-4 294x+1 077.8,y叶=2 780.8x2-2 777.9x+690.71,y穗=309.31x2-306.07x+75.369;两优培九分别为y整株=524 269e-25.557x,y茎=1E+07e-31.65x,y叶=2E+07e-34.056x,y穗=14 320e-21.756x。[结论]地面高光谱遥感对水稻重金属铅污染及其胁迫水平有较好的响应,可通过水稻冠层光谱的差异性分析,实现水稻铅污染的快速、无损伤探测。     

高效富集铅菌株的初筛

从铅污染较严重的石家庄市华北蓄电池有限公司的车间土壤中初步分离了多株细菌和真菌,经过进一步筛选,发现有些菌株具有较好的耐铅能力和富铅性能,其中一株斑点霉菌,可在含铅达1 000 mg/L的培养基中生长,具备较好的开发价值.     

山地自然保护区垂直带植物铅含量特征

Typical plants and soils of four elevation zones, mountain tundra （Zone A）, Betula ermanii forest （Zone B）, mountain dark coniferous forest （Zone C）, and mountain coniferous and broad-leaf forest （Zone D）, along the vertical gradient of the northern mountain slope of the Changbai Mountain National Nature Reserve, Jilin Province, China, were sampled to study the relationship between plant and soil Pb, and to compare the Pb levels in typical plant types within the same elevation zone. The Pb contents in the soil and plant samples were measured by using a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results showed that the average plant Pb contents of the four plant elevation zones were lower than the average worldwide level, except for Zone B. Compared with the average level in China or the average worldwide level, the soil Pb levels of the four plant zones were higher, with Zones D and B having the lowest and highest averages, respectively. Plant Pb levels fluctuated from the upper to the lower zones, in a pattern of low-high-low-high, which was the same as that of the soils in the four zones. Furthermore, plant Pb was closely related to soil Pb. Depending on the plant species and plant parts, large differences were found in the Pb levels of typical plants within each zone. In Zone A, Vaccinium uliginosum and Rhododendron redowskianum had higher Pb levels than the other plants. In Zone C, the Pb levels in the branches of both plant species were higher than those in the leaves, which was contrary to Zone D. In Zone B, the Pb levels in the plant parts varied greatly with plant species.     

三峡库区消落带土壤中铅污染调查

报道了三峡库区长江干流及小江支流消落带土壤中重金属铅含量背景值的调查结果。结果表明，目前土壤未被重金属铅污染。