大果沙棘杂交后代果实主要成分遗传变异倾向研究

本文以黑龙江省绥棱浆果研究所选育的"楚伊×蒙优1"、"楚伊×蒙优2"、"楚伊×蒙优3"、"楚伊×蒙优4"、"HS-21×蒙优1"、"HS-22×阿列伊"、"绥1×蒙优7"和"HS-20×阿列伊"8个大果沙棘杂交组合为研究对象,对杂交后代果实中糖、酸和黄色素成分的遗传变异倾向进行了初步研究.结果表明:以蒙古沙棘系列雄株为父本的杂交组合后代果实中糖含量呈低亲变异的趋向,以阿列伊为父本的杂交组合后代果实中糖含量在一定程度上呈高亲变异倾向.阿列伊作为父本优于蒙古沙棘系列雄株."高糖"母本楚伊杂交组合的F1代株系果实中糖含量均呈现出衰退趋势.8个沙棘杂交组合后代果实中酸含量呈现一定程度的高亲变异."HS-21×蒙优1"杂交组合后代果实中酸含量变异广泛.8个沙棘杂交组合后代果实中黄色素含量一定程度上亦呈高亲变异倾向.在"楚伊×蒙优4"杂交组合后代中进行选择,获得超亲株系的几率最大.     

低温处理对紫苏生理指标的影响

[目的]研究低温处理对紫苏生理指标的影响,确定造成紫苏叶片低温伤害的时间。[方法]将紫苏叶分别低温处理0、12、24、36、48和60 h,并测定其叶绿素、可溶性蛋白质及可溶性糖的含量,并考察2～5℃低温对紫苏叶片生理指标的影响,确定紫苏叶片低温伤害的时间。[结果]低温处理48 h能明显减少叶片中叶绿素的含量,而且低温处理60 h的叶绿素含量减少非常明显;低温处理48 h能明显减少叶片中可溶性蛋白质和可溶性糖的含量。[结论]低温处理超过48 h,紫苏就会受到伤害;低温处理时间达到60 h时,紫苏受到的伤害程度加重。     

丽蚜小蜂糖转运蛋白基因克隆及其诱导表达

丽蚜小蜂Encarsia formosa Gahan是粉虱类害虫的重要寄生性天敌昆虫，补充糖分等营养可以延长丽蚜小蜂寿命及增加其产卵量，但对其糖转运相关蛋白基因及其糖诱导表达尚不清楚。本研究克隆获得丽蚜小蜂的糖转运蛋白EfST1基因，与其他寄生蜂的糖转运蛋白基因序列同源性达65%以上；进一步采用实时荧光定量qPCR技术检测发现，饲喂不同浓度的葡萄糖溶液均可显著提高EfST1基因的表达量，且饲喂不同时间段（2～48 h）后，丽蚜小蜂EfST1基因表达量均显著高于对照组，2 h和48 h处理组间差异不显著。综上，EfST1基因可能与糖分补充及其转运密切相关，该基因诱导表达受糖分浓度影响小。研究结果为进一步研究寄生蜂生物防治过程中补充营养及其转运机制奠定基础。     

Sugar-Beet-Processing Lime as an Amendment for Low pH Soils

In the Red River Valley, about 385,000 Mg of lime is used to help refine about 39,000 Mg of sugar beets. In a greenhouse study, sugar-beet-processing lime (spent lime; SL), commercial ag lime (AL), and reagent-grade lime (RL) were added to an acidic soil at rates of 0, 1.96, 3.93, and 7.86 Mg ECC ha^?1. Wheat was planted, and aboveground biomass and root masses were determined after 44 d of growth. Soil pH increased the greatest with the highest lime application rates. Incorporation of lime uniformly increased soil pH in the pots, whereas with surface application, soil pH decreased with increasing depth. The SL yielded more aboveground soil biomass and root mass than the AL and RL. Use of SL for increasing soil pH and reducing exchangeable Al in acid soils would be a viable use for this industrial by-product.     

A Greenhouse Test for Screening Sugar Beet (Beta Vulgaris) for Resistance to Rhizoctonia Solani

Rhizoctonia solani Kühn is a serious plant pathogenic fungus, causing various types of damage to sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). In Europe, the disease is spreading and becoming a threat for the growing of this crop. Plant resistance seems to be the most practical and economical way to control the disease. Experiments were carried out to optimise a greenhouse procedure to screen plants of sugar beet for resistance to R. solani. In the first experiment, two susceptible accessions were evaluated for root and leaf symptoms, after being grown in seven different soil mixtures and inoculated with R. solani. The fungus infected all plants. It was concluded that leaf symptoms were not reliable for the rating of disease severity. Statistically significant differences between the soil mixtures were observed, and there were no significant differences between the two accessions. The two soil mixtures, showing the most severe disease symptoms, were selected for a second experiment, including both resistant and susceptible accessions. As in the first experiment, root symptoms were recorded using a 1–7 scale, and a significant expression of resistance was observed. The average severity of the disease in the greenhouse experiment generally was comparable with the infection in field experiments, and the ranking of the accessions was the same in the two types of experiments. It was concluded that evaluation procedures in the greenhouse could be used as a rapid assay to screen sugar beet plants for resistance to R. solani.     

Production and evaluation of monoclonal antibodies for the detection of beet mild yellowing luteovirus and related strains

A sugar-beet-infecting isolate of beet mild yellowing luteovirus (BMYV), and aBrassica-infecting isolate of beet western yellows luteovirus (BWYV) were used to produce monoclonal antibodies for epidemiological studies with BMYV and related field strains. Thirty-four monoclonal antibodies were tested for their reaction with 9 luteoviruses in triple-antibody-sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. One (MAFF 24) is now routinely used in the UK for detecting BMYV and BWYV in plants and aphids, although it does not discriminate between them. Heterologous reactions were detected between some of the monoclonal antibodies and potato leafroll virus (PLRV), bean leafroll virus (BLRV) and barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV-RPV). 38% of antibodies raised to BWYV reacted with PLRV compared with 4% of those raised to BMYV. Monoclonal antibodies were produced which distinguished a sugar-beet-infecting isolate of BMYV with differing host range and serological properties from the commonly-occurring field strain.     

蒽酮-硫酸比色法测定天然鸽乳中可利用糖含量的研究

采用蒽酮-硫酸比色法测定玉米中的可利用糖含量以确定试验测定的最佳条件,并以此条件为对照测定天然鸽乳中可利用糖含量.玉米及天然鸽乳可利用糖溶液经乙醚去脂,高峰氏糖化酶水解,乙醇提取,饱和乙酸铅脱色后制得.结果表明,葡萄糖标准溶液的测定量在0.1～0.6 mg/mL的浓度范围内有良好的线性关系,其回归方程为y=1.6771x 0.0737,相关系数R=0.9987.测定不同的天然鸽乳样品,试验精密度高,重复性好,其可利用糖含量,0～3日龄天然鸽乳为7.45%～7.64%,4～6日龄天然鸽乳为32.08～60.28 %.     

黑皮冬瓜品质综合评价方法的探讨

以24个不同来源、不同类型的黑皮冬瓜为试材,采用数据归一化法进行黑皮冬瓜品质综合评价体系研究。通过对可溶性固形物含量、总酸度、肉质致密性、含水量等营养品质性状以及皮色、瓜形等商品品质性状进行分析,结果表明：肉质致密性以及糖酸比等性状是衡量黑皮冬瓜品质优劣的主要指标,结合当前生产和消费的评价标准,制定了一套综合评价黑皮冬瓜品质的方法。     

不结球白菜维生素C和可溶性糖含量的遗传分析

采用主基因—多基因混合遗传模型分析方法，对不结球白菜乌塌菜×矮脚黄、雪克青×矮脚黄两个组合的维生素Ｃ、可溶性糖含量进行单世代和联合世代遗传分析。结果表明，两组合中维生素Ｃ含量遗传符合一个主基因和多基因的混合遗传模型，主基因遗传率为５２６８％～７４１２％。可溶性糖在雪克青×矮脚黄组合中也符合主基因—多基因遗传模型，主基因遗传率为８９７３％～８９７９％。维生素Ｃ和可溶性糖主基因效应均以加性效应为主，在乌塌菜×矮脚黄组合中，两性状主基因有较明显的负向显性效应，在雪克青×矮脚黄组合中，显性效应不明显。育种实践中应注重对主基因加性效应的利用。