岭南四园造园特色及其对兰州园林化建设的借鉴意义

岭南私家园林是中国私家园林的独特流派,有其显著的风格特点.选取岭南私家园林的代表佛山梁园、东莞可园、番禺余荫山房、顺德清晖园,对其造园历史、园主思想、园景特点和造园特色进行梳理探讨,总结精髓,以启发更深研究和借鉴运用.     

南瓜银叶突变体48a的表型特征及其遗传学分析

南瓜银叶突变体48a是在嫩食型中国南瓜中分离筛选到的稳定遗传自交系,银色叶不仅可以作为标记性状应用到育种中,还可为南瓜抗虫、抗病、耐寒等一系列研究提供重要的材料基础。笔者对银叶突变体的表型特征及叶片的解剖结构进行鉴定分析,发现植株整体长势、熟性与野生型无明显差异;成熟叶片正面全部呈银灰色,叶绿素含量明显降低,叶片上表皮细胞与栅栏细胞间明显剥离,存在明显的空隙。利用突变体48a和野生型49a南瓜自交系构建的六世代遗传群体,调查发现F2的绿叶与银叶符合3∶1的分离比,回交群体BC1P1分离比符合1∶1,表明南瓜银色叶性状由单隐性基因控制。     

The Relationship Between Vegetation Characteristics and Altitudes in Transitional Permafrost Zone in Xidatan,Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Many studies showed that permafrost has profound influence on alpine ecosystem. However, former researches were mainly focused on typical points by temporal scales. There were few studies about the correlation between vegetation characteristics and different altitudes covering a large region in spatial pattern, especially in transitional permafrost(TP). There were continuous permafrost(CP) discontinuous permafrost(DCP) and seasonal frozen ground(SFG) in this study region. The types of permafrost changed from SFG to DCP, and finally become CP as the altitudes of Xidatan increase. In this paper, 112 845 points interpreted by HJ1-B(environment and disaster monitoring and prediction small satellite constellation), vegetation investigation points, thawing layer thickness research sites, ground temperature and water content observation plots were used to examine the spatial pattern of vegetation which were located in different altitudes in Xidatan, a typical TP region, in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Vegetation characteristics, soil moisture content(SMC) and thaw depths were collected in 15 August to 25 August2012. Characteristics of vegetation were mainly represented by fractional vegetation cover(FVC) derived from the normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI), as well as above ground biomass(AGB). In this paper, we analyzed that the distinction of vegetation characteristics in each range through statistics data. These ranges were divided by varied altitudes. For examples, the ranges were divided into 50 m or 100 m. In this study we use a large area plots method to further discuss the relationship between the features of vegetation and the different regions of permafrost based on altitudes shifts in Xidatan. A diagram described the vegetation characteristics variability with rising altitudes in transitional permafrost region was drawn in this paper. Our results illustrated the FVCs first increased in SFG region and then decreased in DCP zone slowly, and in CP region FVCs soared then dropped dramatically. With the altitudes increased, the curve of FVCs indicated a parabolic distribution except a little difference in the first 200 m range.     

基于分段波形的信号瞬时频率计算方法

针对局部均值分解（Local Mean Decomposition，LMD）中乘积函数（Product Function，PF）分量的瞬时频率计算问题，引入了一种新的信号瞬时频率计算方法.该方法基于分段波形，先将信号分成若干个全波段（full wave），然后以一组递增的反正弦函数定义每个全波段的瞬时相位，进而得到信号的瞬时频率.由该方法得到的瞬时频率理论上是正的、稳定的并且能够确保信号局部特征信息的完整.应用该方法计算了仿真信号和实际齿轮故障振动信号的瞬时频率，并与其他方法求得的瞬时频率进行了对比.结果表明，本文方法非常适合求取信号的瞬时频率.     

危害沙棘的围连环夜蛾生物学特性及防治

围连环夜蛾在我国多有分布，但看见其幼虫的还是很少，因资料中寄主不祥，笔者经室内外观察。发现其危害多种植物的叶片，更喜欢危害沙棘树的叶片，笔者经2a的室内外观察得知。其生物学特性在辽宁西部每年1代，以蛹越夏及冬。对沙棘树危害较重，对栽植的大果沙棘危害尤为严重，在5a生的沙棘树上有100多头幼虫危害，成虫善飞翔。     

民族旅游地民居客栈经营的关键因素研究——以世界遗产地丽江古城为例

旅游体验满意是衡量旅游者忠诚与重顾的关键因素。旅游者对以世界文化遗产地丽江古城的民居客栈体验的网络评价，主要涉及了“家”、整洁、舒适、环境、房间陈设、位置等六个方面，这些都是影响民居客栈成功经营的关键因素。但是就旅游者体验来说，这些因素明显缺乏了地方文化的展现与创新。基于此，文章从酒店化与专业化、家庭化与生活化、文化化与乡野化的视域上重新设计了民居客栈经营发展的创新模式，凸显出民居客栈产品与酒店产品的差异性，创建一种独具地方特色的民居品牌，助推民居经营的永续发展。     

密度与环境因子对蒙古黄芪育苗影响研究

为了明确育苗时密度与环境因子对蒙古黄芪生长特征影响,本试验以蒙古黄芪为研究对象,通过单因素田间随机区组试验,测定蒙古黄芪株高、茎粗、根粗和根长4个指标。结果表明,密度对蒙古黄芪影响最大,其次是湿度,最后是光照和电导率。密度与蒙古黄芪株高、茎粗、根粗呈现负相关性,与根长呈正相关性(P<0.05),密度为400株/m ²时,株高、茎粗及根粗最大,密度为1000株/m ²时根长最大。     

酸改性麦麸挂面配方的研究

为改善挂面制品的营养保健功能,研发谷物加工副产物的深加工产品,将经过超声波-酸解法改性处理后的麦麸粉添加到面粉中用于制作酸改性麦麸挂面。通过单因素试验及正交试验优化确定酸改性麦麸挂面的最优配方。结果表明,在面粉100 g的基础上,酸改性麦麸粉添加量为6%（相当于面粉质量的百分比）、水添加量为56%、食盐添加量为3.5%、食碱添加量为0.4%、羧甲基纤维素钠添加量为0.4%,此条件下制得的挂面品质良好,且外观、适口性较好。     

内蒙古乌拉盖草原湿地中下游植被退化演替趋势分析

针对内蒙古锡林郭勒盟东乌旗乌拉盖草原湿地植被退化问题,采用植被生态调查方法进行生态损伤评估和植被演替趋势分析.调查结果表明:在乌拉盖河截流5年内,乌拉盖湿地中下游植被退化迅速,原生植被的建群种和优势种基本消失,群落高度和盖度迅速降低,原生植被群落重要值显著降低,次生植被群落重要值增加;植物种的数量大量减少,植物多样性严重降低;一年生草本植物数量和比例明显高于多年生草本植物,部分荒漠化严重地区还出现超旱生植物小果白刺(Nitraria sibirica Pall.);乌拉盖草原湿地已经从草原湿地植被演替为碱蓬盐化草甸植被和盐漠化裸地.     

核桃枝枯病病原菌鉴定及其生物学特性

In May 2018,a new shoot dieback disease was found in several walnut orchards in Rizhao,Shandong Province.The fungal pathogen was obtained on PDA plate from diseased walnut shoots using a tissue isolation method.The purified fungal isolates formed white to grey colonies on PDA plate and three single spore isolates SDWa1-SDWa3 were obtained.Based on morphological characteristics and analysis of rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS),calmodulin (CAL),translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1) and β-tubulin (TUB) sequences,the fungal isolates were identified as Diaporthe nobilis,a new pathogen on walnut.The test of Koch's rule confirmed that D.nobilis was the pathogen of walnut shoot dieback.To determine optimal growing conditions for the pathogen,its biological characteristics test was conducted.The results showed that the optimal growth temperature and pH value were at 25℃ and pH 5-9,respectively.The optimum carbon source was glucose,and favourable nitrogen source was peptone.