水氮互作对旱地春小麦氮肥利用效率和经济产量的影响

为明确水氮互作对旱地春小麦氮素利用效率和经济产量的影响,通过盆栽试验分析了不同水氮处理下春小麦关键生育期茎秆、叶片、麦穗（不含籽粒）和籽粒的全氮含量及经济产量。结果表明,水氮互作下,春小麦茎秆、叶片和麦穗（不含籽粒）的全氮含量均随生长发育进程的推进而呈现下降趋势;正常水分条件（土壤含水量为最大持水量的75%～85%）下,春小麦茎秆、叶片、麦穗（不含籽粒）和籽粒的全氮含量均表现为中氮处理（每公斤土壤施纯氮0.１5 g）＞高氮处理（每公斤土壤施纯氮0.25 g）＞空白对照（不施氮肥）,且中氮处理的氮肥利用率、农学效率和生产效率均显著高于高氮处理（P＜0.05）,但经济产量却显著低于高氮处理（P＜0.05）;水分胁迫条件（土壤含水量为最大持水量的35%～45%）下,春小麦茎秆、叶片、麦穗（不含籽粒）和籽粒的全氮含量均表现为高氮处理＞中氮处理＞空白对照,但中氮处理的氮肥利用率、农学效率和生产效率及经济产量均显著高于高氮处理（P＜0.05）。说明正常水分条件下,增加氮肥用量有利于提高旱地春小麦的经济产量,而水分胁迫条件下,减少氮肥用量更有利于旱地春小麦的生产。     

种植密度和施氮量互作对烤烟生长发育及产质量的影响

[目的]研究不同种植密度和氮肥用量互作对烤烟生长发育及产质量的影响,为提高常德烟区烟草生产水平和烟叶质量提供指导。[方法]采用两因素随机区组设计,以云烟87为试验材料,设置3个水平种植密度,3个水平氮肥用量,共9个组合处理,研究不同处理对烤烟生长发育和产质量的影响。[结果]烤烟生育期主要受氮肥用量的影响,而种植密度对生育期基本没有影响。种植密度和氮肥用量对烤烟单株叶面积、株高、茎围、单叶重和节距的影响显著,对叶片总糖含量和还原糖含量影响显著,对上部叶和下部叶烟碱含量影响显著,对烤烟上等烟比例、产量和均价的影响显著。其交互作用对上部叶烟碱含量和还原糖含量影响显著,对中部叶和下部叶还原糖含量和总钾含量影响显著。氮肥用量是单株叶面积、株高、单叶重、节距、烟叶总氯含量、烟叶总钾含量、烟叶总氮含量、烤烟产量、烟叶均价和产值有关参数的主要决定因子,种植密度是茎围、烟叶烟碱含量、烟叶总糖含量、烟叶还原糖含量和上等烟比例有关参数的主要决定因子。[结论]烟叶产量以D3N3(种植密度1.80万株/hm~2,施氮量135 kg/hm~2)处理最高,为2 104.6 kg/hm~2;烟叶产值以D_2N_2(种植密度1.65万株/hm~2,施氮量120 kg/hm~2)处理最高,为52 729.7元/hm~2。     

结球甘蓝雌蕊调控因子SPT与HEC1的克隆及相互作用分析

为研究SPT和HECs及其相互作用对甘蓝雌蕊发育的影响, 以结球甘蓝自交不亲和系E1为材料, 提取雌蕊总RNA, 根据拟南芥中SPT和HEC1基因设计引物, 采用同源克隆的方法克隆SPT基因, 其序列1085 bp, 开放阅读框(ORF) 1062 bp; HEC1基因ORF 696 bp。通过cDNA推导得到的氨基酸序列表明, SPT编码353个氨基酸残基, 预测分子量为37.67 kD, pI为6.83; HEC1编码231个氨基酸残基, 预测分子量为25.26 kD, pI为10.2。分析表明, 两基因在各器官中均表达, 但SPT在果实和雌蕊中表达量最高, 而HEC1在根和花蕾中的表达量最高。为检测两者的相互作用, 构建原核表达质粒pCold I-SPT和pGEX-HEC1, Pull-down试验表明两蛋白能够在体外相互作用。同时构建pGBKT7-SPT、pGADT7-HEC1及互换载体pGBKT7-HEC1和pGADT7-SPT酵母表达载体, 分别转化酵母Y2HGold和Y187感受态细胞后均未出现自激活和毒性现象, 融合后的二倍体酵母均能在SD/–Trp–Leu–Ade–His/X-α-gal/AbA板上长出蓝色菌斑, 表明SPT和HEC1能够相互作用激活下游的HIS3、AUR1-C、MEL1和ADE2报告基因, 酵母双杂交试验结果与Pull-down检测一致, 说明SPT和HEC1能够相互作用以调控雌蕊的发育。     

Modeling co-occurrence of northern spotted and barred owls: Accounting for detection probability differences

Barred owls (Strix varia) have recently expanded their range and now encompass the entire range of the northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina). This expansion has led to two important issues of concern for management of northern spotted owls: (1) possible competitive interactions between the two species that could contribute to population declines of northern spotted owls, and (2) possible changes in vocalization behavior and detection probabilities of northern spotted owls induced by presence of barred owls. We used a two-species occupancy model to investigate whether there was evidence of competitive exclusion between the two species at study locations in Oregon, USA. We simultaneously estimated detection probabilities for both species and determined if the presence of one species influenced the detection of the other species. Model selection results and associated parameter estimates provided no evidence that barred owls excluded spotted owls from territories. We found strong evidence that detection probabilities differed for the two species, with higher probabilities for northern spotted owls that are the object of current surveys. Non-detection of barred owls is very common in surveys for northern spotted owls, and detection of both owl species was negatively influenced by the presence of the congeneric species. Our results suggest that analyses directed at hypotheses of barred owl effects on demographic or occupancy vital rates of northern spotted owls need to deal adequately with imperfect and variable detection probabilities for both species.     

基于表面等离子共振技术鉴定鸡补体受体2与其配体chC3 d的亲和力

鸡补体受体2(Chicken complement receptor 2, chCR2)是一种表达于鸡B淋巴细胞表面的跨膜蛋白,chCR2可以与其生理学配体鸡补体组分3 d(Chicken complement component 3 d, chC3 d)相互作用。目前评估受体与配体亲和力的方法主要有表面等离子共振技术(Surface plasmon resonance, SPR)和生物膜干涉技术(Biolayer interferometry, BLI)等。旨在利用表面等离子共振技术鉴定chCR2受体分子与其配体chC3 d分子的亲和力。成功构建了重组真核表达载体pTT5-chCR2和pTT5-chC3 d;利用HEK 293F表达系统表达了His-chCR2和His-chC3 d蛋白;利用NI柱纯化系统纯化了His-chCR2和His-chC3 d蛋白;利用表面等离子共振技术,通过分析chCR2与chC3 d结合的动力学参数得出两者之间的平衡解离常数KD为1.37μmol/L。结果表明chCR2与其配体chC3 d之间的亲和力较高。     

The investigation of the interaction between 5-Iodouracil and human serum albumin by spectroscopic and modeling methods and determination of protein by synchronous fluorescence technique

The interaction of 5-Iodouracil with human serum albumin (HSA) was investigated in aqueous solution by fluorescence quenching spectrum in combination with UV absorption spectrum and modeling method. The quenching mechanism and binding characteristics of 5-Iodouracil with HSA were obtained from the fluorescence measurement. The binding constants were calculated according to the Lineweaver-Burk equation at different temperatures. And the thermodynamic parameters, enthalpy change (ΔH) and entropy change (ΔS), were calculated by thermodynamic equations. The results showed that the hydrophobic interaction played a major role in the binding of 5-Iodouracil with HSA. The binding distance was obtained according to Föster’s non-radiative energy transfer theory. The effect of some normal ions on the binding constants was discussed. Modeling method was applied to elucidate the interaction mode between 5-Iodouracil and HSA, which was agreed with the calculated result by thermodynamic method. Moreover, the synchronous fluorescence technique was successfully applied to quantify total protein in human body fluids including serum, urine, and saliva samples. The results showed that this method was stable, reliable, selective, sensitive, and practical for the determination of HSA.     

硒碘联合生物营养强化规律及硒碘交互作用初步研究

硒和碘是人体重要的微量元素,硒和碘缺乏可能导致人体处于亚健康状态或患多种疾病。膳食是安全、高效的补充硒和碘的方式。目前,对植物吸收两种元素的相关性研究较为匮乏。本试验通过施加一定含量梯度的碘酸钾、硒酸盐,探究番茄、生菜两种作物对硒和碘的吸收能力,以及两种元素吸收的相关性。研究结果表明:番茄植株相比生菜,对无机硒和碘酸钾的富集能力更强;生菜和番茄中,硒和碘的吸收没有显著相关性。     

基因型与环境及其互作效应对胡麻主要农艺性状的影响

运用联合方差和AMMI模型对11个胡麻新品系在6个地点的产量、株高、工艺长度、分枝数、单株果数、每果粒数、千粒质量和单株生产力的表现及稳定性进行研究。结果表明:环境及环境和基因型互作效应对胡麻主要农艺性状有显著影响且对各农艺性状影响的大小不同。对产量影响的大小为环境交互作用基因型;对株高的影响:环境基因型交互作用;对工艺长度的影响:环境基因型交互作用;对分枝数的影响:环境交互作用基因型;对单株果数的影响:交互作用环境基因型;对每果粒数的影响:交互作用环境基因型;对千粒质量的影响:环境交互作用基因型;对单株生产力的影响:环境交互作用基因型。通过稳定性参数可以看出,‘0569-14’产量稳定性最好;‘2004M1-15-1-1-1’的株高和工艺长度稳定性最好;‘0559-15’的分枝数、单株果数和单株生产力稳定性最好;‘1S×外6’的每果粒数稳定性最好;‘113×81A350’的千粒质量稳定性最好。     

虚拟现实技术在“汽车拖拉机构造”课件中的应用

介绍了虚拟现实技术在教学课件中应用的基本方法,阐述了＂汽车拖拉机构造＂在教学中存在的诸多难题,并借助虚拟现实技术在教学课件中进行应用,通过前期的建模及后期的交互演示与控制技术的应用,建立虚拟的三维模型,使学生在学习过程中更易于接受,并取得了良好的效果。     

酵母双杂交技术及其在植物与病原物互作中的应用

介绍了酵母双杂交系统的基本原理及其优缺点,以及十几年来此项技术在植物与病原物互作中的应用情况和此项技术的发展前景。