种植密度和施氮量互作对烤烟生长发育及产质量的影响

目的]研究不同种植密度和氮肥用量互作对烤烟生长发育及产质量的影响,为提高常德烟区烟草生产水平和烟叶质量提供指导。方法]采用两因素随机区组设计,以云烟87为试验材料,设置3个水平种植密度,3个水平氮肥用量,共9个组合处理,研究不同处理对烤烟生长发育和产质量的影响。结果]烤烟生育期主要受氮肥用量的影响,而种植密度对生育期基本没有影响。种植密度和氮肥用量对烤烟单株叶面积、株高、茎围、单叶重和节距的影响显著,对叶片总糖含量和还原糖含量影响显著,对上部叶和下部叶烟碱含量影响显著,对烤烟上等烟比例、产量和均价的影响显著。其交互作用对上部叶烟碱含量和还原糖含量影响显著,对中部叶和下部叶还原糖含量和总钾含量影响显著。氮肥用量是单株叶面积、株高、单叶重、节距、烟叶总氯含量、烟叶总钾含量、烟叶总氮含量、烤烟产量、烟叶均价和产值有关参数的主要决定因子,种植密度是茎围、烟叶烟碱含量、烟叶总糖含量、烟叶还原糖含量和上等烟比例有关参数的主要决定因子。结论]烟叶产量以D3N3(种植密度1.80万株/hm~2,施氮量135 kg/hm~2)处理最高,为2 104.6 kg/hm~2;烟叶产值以D_2N_2(种植密度1.65万株/hm~2,施氮量120 kg/hm~2)处理最高,为52 729.7元/hm~2。

Effects of Planting Density and Nitrogen Fertilization Amount on Growth,Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

Objective] To study the effects of the interaction of planting density and nitrogen fertilization amount on the growth and develop-ment, yield, quality and production value of flue-cured tobacco, and provide guidance for improving the production level and tobacco leaf quality in Changde tobacco-growing areas.Methods] Two-factor randomized block design was applied, Yunyan 87 was taken as experimental material, and planting density was set to 3 levels, to explore the effects of the planting density and nitrogen fertilization amount on growth and development , yield, quality and production value of flue-cured tobacco.Results] The results showed that flue-cured tobacco growth stage was mainly affected by nitrogen fertilization amount, and the growth stage of tobacco plants was not affected by planting density.The nitrogen fertilization and clipping height exerted significant effect on plant height, node length, single plant leaf area index, stem girth and leaf weight of the tobacco plants, and had significant effect on the contents of total sugar and reducing sugar in the leaves of tobacco and the contents of nicotine in the lower and middle leaves of tobacco, also had significant effect on the yield, the price and the highest class leaf proportion of tobacco.Both the contents of total sug-ar and reducing sugar in the upper leaves of tobacco displayed significant interaction between planting density and nitrogen fertilization amount . The interaction between the planting density and nitrogen fertilization also had significant effect on the contents of reducing sugar and total potassi-um in the lower and middle leaves of tobacco.Nitrogen fertilization was the dominant factor affecting the plant height, node length, single plant leaf area index, leaf weight, the contents of total chlorine, the contents of total potassium, the contents of total nitrogen, the yield, the price and the highest class leaf proportion of tobacco .Planting density was the dominant factor affecting the stem girth , the highest class leaf proportion and the contents of nicotine, total sugar and reducing sugar in the leaves of tobacco.Conclusion] The yield is highest (2 104.6 kg/hm2) when the planting density is 1.80 ×104 plants/hm2 and the nitrogen fertilization amount is 135 kg/hm2 , the economic benefit is the highest (52 729.7 yuan/hm2) when the planting density is 1.65 ×104 plants /hm2 and the nitrogen fertilization amount is 120 kg/hm2.