The pelagic habitat analysis module for ecosystem‐based fisheries science and management

We have developed a set of tools that operate within an aquatic geographic information system to improve the accessibility, and usability of remote‐sensed satellite and computer‐modeled oceanographic data for marine science and ecosystem‐based management. The tools form the Pelagic Habitat Analysis Module (PHAM), which can be applied as a modeling platform, an investigative aid in scientific research, or utilized as a decision support system for marine ecological management. Applications include fisheries, marine biology, physical and biological oceanography, and marine spatial management. The GIS provides a home for diverse data types and automated tools for downloading remote sensed and global circulation model data. Within the GIS environment, PHAM provides a framework for seamless interactive four‐dimensional visualization, for matching between disparate data types, for flexible statistic or mechanistic model development, and for dynamic application of user developed models for habitat, density, and probability predictions. Here we describe PHAM in the context of ecosystem‐based fisheries management, and present results from case study projects which guided development. In the first, an analysis of the purse seine fishery for tropical tuna in the eastern Pacific Ocean revealed oceanographic drivers of the catch distribution and the influence of climate‐driven circulation patterns on the location of fishing grounds. To support management of the Common Thresher Shark (Alopias vulpinus) in the California Current Ecosystem, a simple empirical habitat utilization model was developed and used to dynamically predict the seasonal range expansion of common thresher shark based on oceanographic conditions.     

白莲二次航天搭载的选育研究

经二次航天搭载后 ,白莲种子SP1代产生广谱分离 ,其生物习性、形态特征及经济生状等出现较大变异 ,其中花型由单瓣变为重瓣或半重瓣 ,并出现部分种子只长立叶 ,不开花 ,部分种子只开花不结蓬、部分种子结蓬后不能正常成熟的现象 ,也出现种子单缸现蕾 9朵 ,花期始蕾期提前 7～ 2 2d ,种子最大单粒重达 1 85g的优良变异 ,这是采用常规育种很少出现的情况     

基于加权算法的空-天遥感升尺度土壤含盐量监测模型

利用无人机-卫星遥感升尺度转换方法可以有效提高土壤含盐量监测精度。以内蒙古河套灌区沙壕渠灌域为研究区,4月裸土期表层土壤为研究对象,分别采用主导变异权重法、局部平均法和最邻近法将试验区无人机4波段影像(0.1m)升尺度至与GF-1卫星(16m)同一尺度,引入3种变量组合作为模型输入变量并利用多元线性回归模型（Multivariable linear regression,MLR）和BP神经网络模型（Back propagation neural networks,BPNN）构建不同数据源关于土壤含盐量的定量监测模型。在此基础上,采用波段比值均值法对GF-1卫星数据进行修正,实现基于卫星因子的研究区土壤盐分升尺度反演。结果表明,经统计指标评价后得出主导变异权重法在4块试验区针对4波段影像的尺度转换效果总体上优于其他2种转换方法;3种无人机-卫星遥感升尺度转换方法中,主导变异权重法监测效果最佳,局部平均法次之,最邻近法效果最差;对筛选得到的2个模型进行升尺度修正,得到验证效果最佳的监测模型为基于混合变量组的多元线性回归模型,其R2v为0.420,RMSEv为0.219%,比直接采用GF-1卫星数据得到的混合变量组多元线性回归模型R2v高0.217,RMSEv低0.013个百分点。本文研究结果可为卫星、无人机多光谱遥感一体化监测裸土期农田土壤含盐量提供参考。     

基于北斗船位数据的流刺网网次和方向提取方法研究

渔船监测系统(vessel monitoring system,VMS)在渔业管理中发挥着重要作用,一直以来都受到各国及渔业组织的重视,我国近海渔船主要采用基于北斗的VMS系统。刺网是我国主要的捕捞作业方式之一,提出一种使用北斗数据提取流刺网作业网次以及网长和方向的方法。该方法使用阈值综合判别的方法判断捕捞作业的状态,通过航速、空间距离、时间间隔和航向变化的阈值判别作业时收网状态的船位点,然后根据收网状态的起始点判定放网状态的起始点。根据范例中提取的516组网次,使用程序判别的船位点和人工判断的船位点有74%相同,表明有较好的一致性,具有精度高、处理快速、实时程度高的特点。该方法可为我国渔业管理和相关研究提供新的手段,并可应用于捕捞控制、海上执法等多个领域。     

Spatial segregation of striped marlin (Kajikia audax) by size in the eastern Pacific Ocean

Striped marlin (Kajikia audax) is an epipelagic fish distributed in oceanic and coastal waters of the Pacific Ocean. This species is usually found in warm and coastal waters with high primary productivity. The main goal of this study was to describe the spatial segregation of striped marlin by average Eye‐Fork length (EFL) in the eastern Pacific Ocean (EPO) and its relationship with environmental variables using EFL data obtained from tuna purse‐seining and Generalized Additive Models (GAMs). The model suggested that larger individuals of striped marlin were more likely to be found in waters with high Chlorophyll‐a concentration (>2 mg/m³) and with temperatures lower than 25°C, within a region known as the “cold tongue” and the Humboldt current system, while smaller individuals were more likely to be found in warmer and low productive areas within a region known as the “warm pool of the EPO.” We observed that set type caused a large variation on average EFL of striped marlin; larger fish were captured in sets associated with floating objects (natural and manmade), while smaller fish were captured in sets associated with dolphins. Despite this, our findings suggest that striped marlin has a latitudinal gradient in average EFL; larger individuals occurred predominantly south of 10°N, while smaller ones occurred predominantly in coastal waters between 10°N and 20°N, thus demonstrating a spatial segregation of the species affected by its maturity stage.     

Diverse migratory strategies for a hawksbill sea turtle population

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