日粮添加不同水平蛋氨酸硒对肉牛营养物质代谢的影响

选用4头安装永久瘤胃瘘管的西门塔尔阉牛(体重为420kg、年龄2.5岁),采用4×4拉丁方设计,以混合精料和风干玉米秸秆作为基础日粮,研究1.3倍维持需要水平下,日粮添加不同水平蛋氨酸硒(0、0.3、0.6、0.9mg/kg,以干物质为基础)对营养物质代谢的影响。结果表明:0.3和0.6mg/kg组日粮OM、CP、EE、NFE、NDF、ADF表观消化率显著高于对照组(P<0.05);0.6和0.9mg/kg组DN、RN和RN/DN显著高于对照组(P<0.05);0.6mg/kg组与对照组相比Se、Ca、P、Cu、Fe、Mn的存留率显著提高,Zn、Mo和S的存留率无显著差异;0.6mg/kg组血清TG、GLU、ALB、TP、ALT、AST、SOD、GSH-px、GSH均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);0.6mg/kg组血清Se、Cu含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。     

Glutathione Peroxidase Activity and Erythrocyte Lipid Peroxidation as Indices of Selenium and Vitamin E Status in Young Pigs

A randomized, blocked 2³ factorial experiment was conducted with 48 pigs from sows fed a diet low in selenium and vitamin E. From 3 to 12 weeks of age the piglets were kept in single pens and fed a basic diet consisting mostly of barley, dried skim milk, soybean meal and dried yeast, and containing 55 µg selenium and 3 mg vitamin E per kg. The treatment factors — i.e. feed supplements — were 2 levels of Se (nil, 60 µg/kg), 2 levels of vitamin E (nil, 50 mg/kg), and 2 levels of the feed antioxidant ethoxyquin (nil, 150 mg/kg). Blood samples, collected at termination of the experiment, were examined for glutathione peroxidase activity (GSH-Px) and resistance against erythrocyte lipid peroxidation (ELP) to evaluate Se and vitamin E status, respectively. Analysis of variance showed the GSH-Px activity to be litter-dependent (P < 0.001) and influenced by selenium supplementation (P < 0.001) but not by the other supplements or by interactions between supplements. Resistance against ELP was influenced only by vitamin E supplementation (P < 0.001). GSH-Px and ELP thus seem to be valuable and simple methods for evaluating, respectively, Se status and vitamin E status in growing pigs.     

Selenium Concentrations in Tissues and Eggs of Growing and Laying Chickens Fed Sodium Selenite at Different Levels

Growing and laying chickens were fed graded levels of selenium in the form of sodium selenite. One day old Norwegian bred broiler chickens and 20 weeks old Norwegian bred White Leghorn chickens were divided into 5 groups each and fed a basal diet supplemented with 0, 0.1, 1.0, 3.0 or 6.0 μg Se/g for 6 and 31 weeks, respectively. At the end of the experiments significantly higher concentrations of selenium were found in the groups fed 1.0, 3.0 and 6.0 μg Se/g diet compared to the control group. Correspondingly higher concentrations of selenium were found in egg samples. The increase in egg yolk selenium was much higher than in egg white. Significant correlations were found between the amounts of selenium added to the ration and the selenium concentrations in liver, kidney, breast muscle, egg white, yolk and homogenized egg. There were no differences in body weight gain and egg production between the groups. A possible positive contribution to animal and human health of selenium supplementation of animals’ diet above the required level is discussed.     

Selenium and vitamin E deficiency in pigs. II. Influence on plasma selenium, vitamin E, ASAT and ALAT and on tissue selenium.

The effect of dietary selenium (Se) and vitamin E (Vit. E) in pigs on Se and Vit. E in plasma and on Se in tissue from liver, heart, m. long, dorsi and m. psoas major was studied; and furthermore was the influence on the enzymes ASAT and ALAT studied.Two levels of Se were used, 0.03 and 0.06 mg Se per kg feed. Within each Se level 2 levels of Vit. E were used, 15 and 45 i. u. per kg feed. This resulted in 4 groups: 1. low Se and low Vit. E; 2. low Se and high Vit. E; 3. high Se and low Vit. E; 4. high Se and high Vit. E.Ten% of all pigs fed low Se, and 4% of the pigs fed low Se and high Vit. E diet died with severe symptoms of Se deficiency. None of the pigs fed the high Se diet died with such symptoms. Plasma Se determinations have been shown to indicate the Se status in pigs almost as accurately as liver Se determination. ASAT and ALAT enzyme determinations were not of any diagnostic value.There was a good agreement between dietary Vit. E level and the corresponding levels in plasma. Oxidized herring oil seems to enhance the Vit. E need.     

Selenium and zinc concentrations in kidney, liver and muscle of cattle from different parts of Norway.

Cattle slaughtered in four different parts of Norway have been examined with respect to selenium and zinc content in kidney, liver and muscle. Highest selenium concentrations were found in kidney and lowest in muscle. In spite of extensive use of standardized concentrates, geographic differences were detected with regard to selenium tissue levels, animals from the southeastern inland region having the lowest levels. According to other workers, this region has low-selenium humus soils, and selenium responsive diseases among young ruminants have been of considerable importance, especially when concentrates had not been given during winter feeding. The recorded tissue selenium levels are compared to other workers’ proposals for normal values. All animals examined in this study seem to be well within healthy limits. Kidney, liver and muscle from cattle are good sources of selenium with respect to human nutrition.As far as zinc concentrations are concerned, muscle has the highest and kidney the lowest levels. Geographic differences were found, and individuals from the midland and northern coastal regions have the highest zinc tissue levels. Cattle from the northern coastal region seems to have especially high zinc concentrations in the organs.     

富硒灵芝的优化培养

[目的]筛选富硒灵芝菌丝体的最佳培养方法。[方法]采用单因素试验和正交试验研究发酵培养基的碳源、氮源以及发酵条件对富硒灵芝菌丝体干重、总硒含量及有机硒含量的影响。[结果]在亚硒酸钠含量为0.01%的条件下,优化培养的条件为:葡萄糖含量4.0%,马铃薯浸出液含量20%,蛋白胨含量1%,KH2PO4含量0.3%,MgSO4含量0.15%,在pH7.0、接种量为10%、培养温度为28℃和摇床转速为180 r/min的条件下培养,富硒灵芝的菌丝干重为15.28 mg/ml,有机硒的含量为4 115.36μg/g。[结论]试验确定了富硒灵芝发酵培养的最佳方法,为富硒灵芝的开发利用提供了依据。     

安康富硒食品特色农业产业集群发展的SWOT分析

陕西省安康市富硒食品特色农业产业开发显现出良好态势,已形成初级形态的特色农业产业集群雏形.文章运用SWOT分析方法,分析了安康市富硒食品产业集群发展的内在优势和劣势、外在机会和威胁,并提出了相应的发展战略和对策建议.     

Selenium balance in the adult cat in relation to intake of dietary sodium selenite and organically bound selenium

The response of cats to dietary sodium selenite (Na(2) SeO(3)) and organically bound selenium was studied in two separate studies with four cats per treatment and three levels of selenium supplementation (targets 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 μg/g DM) for each Se source. Whole blood and plasma selenium concentrations and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity were determined at 7-time points across the 32-day study. Faeces were quantitatively collected during the last 8 days and urine was collected daily during both studies. The basal diet used had a low apparent faecal selenium absorption of 25.3 ± 3.0%. Daily faecal and urinary selenium excretion increased linearly with increasing selenium intake for both Se sources. Urinary selenium concentration of the cats fed the supplemented diets increased rapidly (～2 days) and remained constant throughout the remainder of the study. Apparent faecal selenium absorption was high for both selenium sources (73.2% and 80.0%). Plasma, and to a lesser extent, whole blood selenium concentrations increased in a dose-dependent manner with supplementation. Whole blood and plasma GPx activity were highly variable and showed a variable response to dietary selenium intake. Cats closely regulate selenium homeostasis through increasing urinary excretion whilst faecal absorption remains unaffected.     

农杆菌介导的smt1富硒基因转化紫花苜蓿研究

利用遗传转化,将硒富基因转入紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa）是提高苜蓿富硒能力,解决当前硒不足问题的有效途径之一。本研究以“中苜1号”紫花苜蓿为受体材料,通过农杆菌介导法将来自硒超富集植物二沟黄芪(Astragalus bisulcatus)的硒代半胱氨酸甲基转移酶基因(smt1)转入苜蓿,并以3 mg·L-1潮霉素进行筛选,获得转化植株10株。结果表明,5株均能扩增出与smt1基因大小相符的条带。RT PCR检测结果表明,2株目的基因表达呈阳性,这表明smt1基因已成功转入紫花苜蓿基因组中,且可以在植株中正常表达。     

基施硒肥对紫花苜蓿草产量及农艺性状的影响

采用田间试验,研究在氮、磷、钾及微量元素充分供应情况下,基施不同量硒肥对紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)不同生育期草产量及农艺性状的影响。结果表明,施硒可不同程度地提高紫花苜蓿不同生育期草产量、干物质积累速率、株高和叶茎比。基施0.45 kg·hm-2硒的紫花苜蓿在分枝期、现蕾期和初花期,其草产量、株高和叶茎比方面均表现最佳,草产量分别比未施硒提高32.67%、24.78%和37.93%,株高分别比未施硒提高10.01%、14.00%和10.51%。叶茎比分别比未施硒提高6.43%、8.00%和12.80%。而干物质积累在分枝期、现蕾期和初花期分别以0.45、1.05和0.75 kg·hm-2处理积累速率最高。未施硒处理生长高峰出现在现蕾期,初花期有所下降,但施硒处理均进入生长高峰,积累速率继续上升。