四种混交林类型对杨扇舟蛾控制作用的研究

试验表明 :块状混交模式是控制杨扇舟蛾的最佳混交模式 ;在块状混交模式下 ,杨×槐、杨×桐两种混交类型为最佳混交类型 ;在块状混交模式的 3种混交比例中 ,杨×槐、杨×桐两种混交类型对杨扇舟蛾的控制作用差异不显著     

绿洲区苜蓿与鸭茅混播饲草的青贮发酵品质研究

以苜蓿(Medicago sativa)与鸭茅(Dactylis glomerata)混播草地牧草为材料,按照90%苜蓿+10%鸭茅、70%苜蓿+30%鸭茅、50%苜蓿+50%鸭茅的比例进行青贮,通过分析对比发酵品质、营养成分、感官青贮效果等,以期优化最佳混合青贮的豆∶禾比例。试验结果表明:苜蓿和鸭茅混合青贮后,气味、质地、色泽感官评定均为优良,且pH呈下降趋势,青贮效果优于苜蓿和鸭茅的单独青贮。混合青贮降低了苜蓿青贮中氨态氮含量的36.4%,鸭茅青贮中乙酸、丙酸的含量明显下降;提高了苜蓿青贮中乳酸的含量,有效抑制了丁酸的产生,苜蓿+鸭茅饲草混贮比例为7∶3和5∶5处理结果未检测出丁酸。3个混合青贮组合的粗蛋白含量高出鸭茅单贮31.9%,酸性洗涤纤维低于鸭茅青贮12.6%。在青贮发酵过程中,苜蓿+鸭茅以7∶3比例混合青贮,有利于提高青贮饲料的发酵品质。     

滇西北高寒地区牧草混播组合的筛选

为提高香格里拉高寒地区饲草生产能力,在小中甸镇开展了牧草混播组合试验.试验设5个混播组合(A1、A2、A3、A4、A5),随机区组设计,连续两年对牧草产量和组分进行测定,第2年取混合样对营养含量进行分析.结果表明,A1和A5组合牧草产量显著高于A2、A3和A4 (P＜0.05);A3、A1、A5年度间群落组分变化不大,稳定性较强;A2、A4、A5的粗蛋白含量较高,均超过24％.3项指标综合考虑,A1[安巴鸭茅(Dactylis glomerata cv.Anmba)+草地休衣白三叶(Trifolium repens cv.Grasslands huia)+红三叶(T.pratense)]和A5[安巴鸭茅+雅晴多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne cv.Yatsyn)+海法白三叶(T.repens cv.Haifa)+普纳菊苣(Cichorium intybus cv.Puna)]适宜在香格里拉高寒地区种植应用.     

Effects of utilization of local food by‐products as total mixed ration silage materials on fermentation quality and intake,digestibility, rumen condition and nitrogen availability in sheep

Four wethers were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design experiment to evaluate in vivo digestibility of total mixed ration (TMR) silage with food by‐products for dairy cows, and the ruminal condition and nitrogen (N) balance were examined. Five by‐products (i.e. potato waste, noodle waste, soybean curd residue, soy sauce cake and green tea waste) were obtained. Four types of TMR silage were used: control (C) containing roughage and commercial concentrate, T1:20% and T1:40% containing the five by‐products replacing 20% and 40% of the commercial concentrate on a dry matter (DM) basis, respectively, and T2:40% containing three by‐products (potato waste, noodle waste and soybean curd residue) replacing 40% of the commercial concentrate on a DM basis. The ingredients were mixed and preserved in oil drum silos for 4 months. The TMR silages showed 4.02–4.44% and 1.75–2.19% for pH and lactic acid contents, respectively. The digestibility of DM and neutral detergent fiber, and total digestible nutrient content were higher (P < 0.05) for T2:40% feeding than for C feeding. Urinary nitrogen excretion tended to be lower (P = 0.07) for T2:40% than for C. The results suggested 40% replacing of commercial concentrate by using the three food by‐products can be most suitable for TMR silage.     

贵州某野生动物园长臂猿流感病毒、支原体及巴氏杆菌混合感染的诊治

为弄清贵州某野生动物园长臂猿死亡的原因,本试验采用流行病学调查、临床症状观察、病理剖检诊断和RT-PCR检测确诊等方法,对该野生动物园发病长臂猿进行了诊断。试验结果显示,流行病学调查、剖检病理初步诊断该野生动物园长臂猿疑似流感病毒、支原体和细菌混合感染,RT-PCR/PCR检测确诊发病长臂猿为流感病毒、支原体混合感染,细菌分离培养、生化特性鉴定和动物致病性试验确诊为多杀性巴氏杆菌感染。结果表明造成该野生动物园长臂猿发病死亡的原因为流感病毒、支原体和多杀性巴氏杆菌混合感染。根据诊断及药敏试验结果,制定出了免疫预防及治疗措施。     

Pathogen Analysis of Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex

To investigate the pathogen of bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) of a dairy farm in Guangxi, a strain of Mycoplasma and a strain of gram-negative pathogenic bacterium were isolated and identified by the means of field surveys, clinic observation, pathological examination, isolation studies and so on.Treatments were taken according to drug sensitivity test results.The Mycoplasma strain, growing on PPLO medium, formed typical "fried egg" colonies.A 448 bp of oppF fragment was amplified by PCR from the strain and had 98.4% nucleotide identity with Mycoplasma bovis reference isolate PG5 of USA.The biochemical features of the gram-negative bacterial isolate were same with Serratia marcescens.The PCR amplified 16S rDNA of the gram-negative pathogenic bacterium strain was 1 400 bp.It shared 99.0% nucleotide identity with other Serratia marcescens reference strains obtained from GenBank.Animal experiment showed that the gram-negative pathogenic bacterium isolate could cause the mice to die.The drug sensitivity tests showed all isolates were sensitive to spectinomycin, azithromycin, amikacin, gentamicin and neomycin.It was effective to treat with dexamethasone and spectinomycin.Pathogen analysis and drug treatment showed that the BRDC was caused by Mycoplasma bovis and Serratia marcescens.     

基于改进端元提纯模型的MODIS森林类型识别研究

MODIS遥感数据具有很高的光谱辐射精度,以及成本低、覆盖面积广、获取容易、周期短等数据特征,可以实现全覆盖大尺度区域森林类型信息快速提取,但由于其空间分辨率较低,遥感数据中存在混合像元。利用混合像元分解模型进行分解可得到较好的分类结果,但混合像元分解的端元组分直接影响分类的精度。利用决策树分类模型改进端元提纯,分析各地物的MODIS时间序列植被指数变化规律及物候变化规律,利用决策树模型分类的结果进行端元组分的提纯,最后进行混合像元分解。研究结果表明:分类精度最高的是线性混合像元分解,其次是最大似然分类,最差的是非线性混合像元分解,其中带约束和不带约束的线性分解模型的精度相差不大。     

黄波罗育苗中混雪层积时间及保留密度研究

对辽宁东部山区黄波罗播种育苗的混雪层积时间和保留密度进行了研究。结果表明:随混雪层积时间增加,黄波罗种子发芽率和出苗率呈上升趋势,混雪层积145d的发芽率和出苗率最大,分别达到81.35%、64.59%;1年生幼苗保留密度为100株·m-2时,Ⅰ级苗单位产量达到最高。     

青蒿中番茄斑萎病毒和烟草花叶病毒的分子鉴定及相关序列分析

番茄斑萎病毒(tomato spotted wilt virus, TSWV)和烟草花叶病毒(tobacco mosaic virus, TMV)是2种重要的植物病原病毒, 对多种经济作物的产量和品质均造成严重影响。2021年-2022年, 在云南省丽江市烟草种植区不同烟区采集叶片黄化、皱缩以及无症状的青蒿Artemisia caruifolia样品共计14份, 利用免疫金标速测卡和RT-PCR对其病原病毒进行检测。利用免疫金标速测卡检测结果显示, 在所检样品中有9份样品检测出TSWV, 检出率为64.28%, 有3份样品检测出TMV, 检出率为21.43%, 2种病毒复合侵染的检出率同样为21.43%;利用RT-PCR对复合侵染的3份样品进行分子检测, 结果显示, 在3份复合侵染青蒿样品中获得3条TSWV N基因序列、3条TMV cp基因序列和2条TMV RdRp部分序列。TSWV青蒿分离物与分离自云南的TSWV-2分离物相似性最高, 为99.6%;TMV青蒿分离物与分离自辽宁的TMV-Shenyang分离物和分离自云南的TMV-Yongren-1相似性最高, 均大于99.4%。这是首次发现TSWV和TMV 2种不同属病毒复合侵染青蒿。     

筇竹与黄皮树人工混交林中筇竹地上部分生物量模型构建

本研究以筇竹与黄皮树人工混交林中筇竹地上部分为研究对象,测定分析了1~4年生分株地上部分各构件生物量及含水率,建立人工筇竹分株地上部分各构件的生物量及总生物量模型,以期为人工筇竹林的经营管理及其碳汇项目的开发提供科学依据。结果表明：随着筇竹分株年龄的增加,各构件含水率和生物量均逐渐减少,筇竹1~4年生分株地上部分平均含水率分别为57.62%、53.40%、50.01%、42.66%,平均生物量分别为133.99、123.31、109.76、85.39 g/m²;各年龄分株地上部分生物量的分配均呈现出秆＞枝＞叶的变化规律。不同年龄分株的胸径与秆、枝、叶生物量及地上部分总生物量均有极显著相关性(P＜0.01)。以胸径为自变量建立的各年龄筇竹分株地上部分总生物量模型的决定系数(R²)均在0.93以上,具有较高的可信度,也有着较强的适用性,可用于类似立地条件下的筇竹分株生物量估测。