瓠瓜高山栽培品种比较试验

比较分析了2种类型的6个瓠瓜品种在杭州高山露地栽培条件下的生育期、商品性和产量等性状指标。试验结果表明,长棒形品种以浙蒲6号和越蒲2号综合性状优良,在杭州高山地区具有极大推广前景。中棒形品种以浙蒲8号商品性较好,但产量相对偏低,可通过进一步研究其配套栽培技术来提高产量促进推广应用;越蒲1号目前不适合杭州市场消费习惯,但产量高,可作为外销储备品种。     

Isolation of chicken taste buds for real‐time Ca2+ imaging

We isolated chicken taste buds and used a real‐time Ca²⁺ imaging technique to investigate the functions of the taste cells. With RT‐PCR, we found that isolated chicken taste bud‐like cell subsets express chicken gustducin messenger RNA. Immunocytochemical techniques revealed that the cell subsets were also immunopositive for chicken gustducin. These results provided strong evidence that the isolated cell subsets contain chicken taste buds. The isolated cell subsets were spindle‐shaped and approximately 61–75 μm wide and 88–98 μm long, and these characteristics are similar to those of sectional chicken taste buds. Using Ca²⁺ imaging, we observed the buds' response to 2 mmol/L quinine hydrochloride (a bitter substance) and their response to a mixture of 25 mmol/L L‐glutamic acid monopotassium salt monohydrate and 1 mmol/L inosine 5′‐monophosphate disodium salt, umami substances. The present study is the first morphological demonstration of isolated chicken taste buds, and our results indicate that the isolated taste buds were intact and functional approaches for examining the taste senses of the chicken using Ca²⁺ imaging can be informative.     

降低夏秋茶苦涩味的加工技术研究进展

针对目前夏秋茶苦涩味重导致的夏秋季茶叶资源普遍利用率不高的现状,笔者总结了近年国内通过改进加工技术降低夏秋茶苦涩味的研究进展,以期为促进夏秋茶生产、提高茶叶生产整体效益提供一定的参考。     

原子吸收法测定苦瓜中铁、铜、锌的含量

研究采用火焰原子吸收—分光光度计法同时测定苦瓜中铁、铜、锌含量的方法。进行样品预处理方法筛选和酸度条件试验,结果表明:干法灰化较湿法简便,被测元素无损失;酸介质及其加入量对被测元素稍有影响;检测方法精确度高、操作简便、实用性强,为进一步开发科学的测定方法提供了依据。     

苦瓜3种不同遗传距离与产量杂种优势的关系研究

以14个苦瓜（白苦瓜、绿苦瓜和广西野生苦瓜）高世代自交系,配制出14个杂交组合,进行了苦瓜数量性状、蛋白质和ISSR分子标记3种遗传距离分析以及3种遗传距离与杂种优势之间关系的分析.结果表明：数量性状与蛋白质、ISSR分子标记遗传距离之间相关系数分别为0.8340和0.4532;蛋白质遗传距离与ISSR分子标记遗传距离的相关系数为0.5940;数量性状与蛋白质遗传距离与产量杂种优势之间均呈极显著直线回归关系;而ISSR分子标记遗传距离与产量杂种优势之间呈显著直线回归关系.     

长豇豆和丝瓜美洲斑潜蝇防治指标研究

连续自然接虫研究表明，长豇豆和丝瓜开花结实期美洲斑潜蝇产量损失与幼虫密度关系分别符合上列方程：Ｙ＝－０．０１１３８＋０．０００３５Ｘ（ｒ＝０．９９５３）；Ｙ＝－０．００５５２７＋０．０００６１Ｘ（ｒ＝０．９６３４）。根据当前价格和防治费用等因素，得出两种蔬菜在开花结实期的美洲斑潜蝇幼虫防治指标分别为百株８８４－１０２９头和１７７２－１９４５头。     

早春设施大棚苦瓜品种比较试验

2013-2014年在设施大棚条件下,以玉云苦瓜为对照,对新翠、翠玉、雅秀、春晓1号、翡玉5个苦瓜品种进行对比试验。试验结果表明,新翠苦瓜早熟、商品性优、生长势强,产量达5 394.3 kg/667 m2,综合性状优于其他5个品种,是平和地区早春设施大棚大面积种植的首选品种。     

Agronomic Potential of Three Vetches (Vicia spp.) Under Rainfed Conditions

The major limiting factor to livestock production in West Asia and North Africa is the inadequate feed supply. The introduction of leguminous forage species into fallow lands represents a means of increasing feed supplies for the rapidly growing livestock population.
Twenty five lines each of common vetch ( Vicia sativa L.) wooly-pod vetch ( Vicia villosa ssp. dasycarpa Ten.), and bitter vetch ( Vicia ervilia L.) were tested over three seasons with contrasting rainfalls and winter temperatures. For each species, seedling vigour, winter growth, cold effect, spring growth, leafiness, herbage yield at 100 % flowering, grain yield, harvest index and aspects of herbage quality were recorded. There were considerable variation among entries with the same species, entries of V. ervilia were the earlier in flowering and maturity, and V. villosa ssp. dasycarpa almost the latest by 45 days. V. sativa , was the most affected by frost whilst both V. villosa ssp. dasycarpa and V. ervilia proved to be cold tolerant.
Although V. villosa ssp. dasycarpa produced high herbage yield in springs its grain yield is low resulting in a low harvest index. Both V. ervilia and V. sativa produced high grain yield with high harvest index. Seed yield was negatively correlated (P < 0.01) with days to flowering and maturity indicating the need of earlier types.
Quality of the herbage in term of digestibility was far lower (46 % IVDMD) in V. villosa ssp. dasycarpa than the other two species (69 % and 72 %).
The possible niches and utilization of each species as animal feed in the prevailing farming systems are discussed.     

苦瓜皂甙降血糖功能的研究概况

苦瓜果实富含皂甙、多肽和活性蛋白等多种功效成分,现代药理研究证明,苦瓜皂甙具有降血糖、降血脂、抗癌、抗艾滋病、抑菌、抗氧化和增强免疫等功效。通过对苦瓜皂甙的开发,不仅为苦瓜产品的开发提供新的途径,也为人们的合理膳食提供素材。     

苦菜粗多糖的制备及其抗氧化活性的研究

以苦菜为原料,采用水浸提法制备苦菜粗多糖.结果表明,苦菜粗多糖的制备工艺为物料颗粒大小160目,料液比1∶15 (g∶ mL),于100℃条件下浸提7.5 h,所得苦菜粗多糖提取率为2.74％.以VC和茶多酚作为阳性对照,结果表明苦菜粗多糖具有较强的抗氧化能力.