Influence of high-mobility group box 1 on proliferation of neural stem cell in pre-infarction cortex of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion model rats

AIM：To investigate the influence of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) on the proliferation of neural stem cells in peri-infarction cortex of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion model rats. METHODS：Male SD rats (n=48) were randomly divided into sham group, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) group, RNA interference group and negative interference group. The rat middle cerebral artery was blocked to establish focal cerebral I/R model (ischemia for 1 h and reperfusion for 7 d). Lentivirus vector of HMGB1 shRNA was used to suppress the HMGB1 protein expression in the rat brain. The effect of RNA interference was evaluated by the methods of double-immunofluorescence labeling of HMGB1/GFAP and Western blotting. The proliferation of neural stem cells in the peri-infarction cortex was assessed by double labeling of BrdU/nestin. RESULTS：The protein expression of HMGB1 in I/R group was much higher than those in sham group (P<0.05). RNA interference effectively inhibited the HMGB1 expression (P<0.05). Double labeled BrdU/nestin positive cells in I/R group were more than that in sham group (P<0.05). The double labeled BrdU/nestin positive cells were significantly decreased in RNA interference group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：Focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury promotes the proliferation of neural stem cells in peri-infarction cortex by increasing HMGB1 protein level.     

甘蔗黄叶病毒P0基因的克隆与原核表达及抗血清制备

根据已发表ScYLV-P0基因系列设计特异性引物,应用RT-PCR技术从甘蔗病叶的mRNA扩增得到目的DNA片段.以pET32a（＋）为原核表达载体,构建重组表达质粒pET32a-P0.经过双酶切鉴定和DNA测序后,将重组表达质粒转入大肠杆菌BL21 （DE3）pLySs,在30℃培养条件下IPTG诱导表达.通过SDS-PAGE电泳检测融合蛋白表达情况.表达结果显示,在该表达系统中,融合表达蛋白P0是以包涵体形式的蛋白存在;P0融合蛋白大小约45kDa,与P0开放阅读框的理论推算值29.991 kDa加上载体自身蛋白约18 kDa相符,用Ni2＋-NTA琼脂糖亲和层析纯化融合蛋白,免疫家兔制备出抗血清,通过酶联法（ID-ELISA）测定本实验制备的ScYLY-P0抗血清工作浓度为1：25000.     

相手蟹属两种蟹类线粒体16S rRNA基因序列的比较

测定了相手蟹属红螯相手蟹和褶痕相手蟹线粒体16S rRNA基因部分片段的序列，二者的序列长度相同，均为533bp，且A、T、D、C的含量相似，分别为198bp（37．1％），206bp（38．6％），84bp（15．8％），45bp（8．4％）和200bp（37．5％），205bp（38．5％），81bp（15．2％），47bp（8．8％）；二者的序列有49处差异，其中21个位点为转换、22个位点为颠换和6个缺失／插入位点。进一步对20种相手蟹属蟹类的长度为361bp的16S rRNA基因同源序列进行分析，发现AT的含量为78．6％～82．9％，明显高于GC的含量，且存有91个变异位点。从NJ树和遗传距离来看，在分布于中国的3种相手蟹中，无齿相手蟹和红螯相手蟹的亲缘关系最近（d=0．0151），而它们与褶痕相手蟹的亲缘关系则较远（d=0．0924／0．0923）。分布于中国的相手蟹和分布于北美的相手蟹之间存在着较大的遗传距离（差异），表明它们之间有着较远的亲缘关系，互为单系起源。     

Extra small virus-like particles (XSV) and nodavirus associated with whitish muscle disease in the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii

A disease of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, the giant freshwater prawn, farmed in China was recently recorded in Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Guangxi and Guangdong provinces. The clinical sign of the disease, which develops in post-larvae (PL), is a whitish appearance of the muscles, particularly noticeable in the abdomen. Mortalities may reach 100% in some hatcheries. Investigations by transmission electron microscopy after negative staining of diseased PL homogenates showed the presence of two types of viral particles: one, unenveloped, icosahedral in shape, 26-27 nm in diameter, the second, much smaller, about 14-16 nm in diameter, designated extra small virus particle (XSV). The large virus has a genome with two pieces of ssRNA (RNA-1 and RNA-2), of 3 and 1.2 kb, respectively. Hybridization tests confirmed that this large virus is closely related to M. rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV) which was isolated from diseased prawns in a hatchery in the French West Indies. Its very small size and hypothesized biochemical and biological characteristics suggest XSV is a new type of crustacean virus. As XSV has always been found associated with the larger virus (nodavirus) and is located in muscle and connective cells of diseased animals, it could be an autonomous virus, a helper-type virus or a satellite-like virus.     

Water quality affects SDH activity, protein content and RNA:DNA ratios in fish (Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Oreochromis mossambicus) raised in ponds of a sewage-fed fish farm

The spatial and seasonal variability of the respiratory enzyme succinate dehydrogenase and the protein content were examined in different tissues of fish cultured in three ponds along the effluent gradient of a sewage-fed fish farm. Indian major carp Catla catla (150-230 g) and Labeo rohita (60-190 g) cultured in both the middle and last points of the sewage effluent (stocking pond 1) and (stocking pond 4) and Oreochromis mossambicus (50-160 g), a naturally growing fish of the inlet (facultative pond) and the out let of the sewage effluent (stocking pond 4) were procured every month during the period of January-December, 2005 and were subjected to determination of succinate dehydrogenase activity, total protein, DNA and RNA contents from gill, liver and muscle tissue respectively. The SDH activity of all three test fishes (Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Oreochromis mossambicus) was reduced significantly (ANOVA; P < 0.05) when cultured in SP-4 compared to SP-1 in the case of Catla catla and Labeo rohita and in facultative pond in the case of Oreochromis mossambicus.Conspicuous differences in the SDH activity of fish between the last and first stocking pond or the facultative pond were clearly due to the result of the differences in water quality. There was a direct relationship between SDH activity in gill tissue of any of the fish investigated and ammonia-N concentration of water or water pH. This shows that the respiratory activity of these fishes was strongly affected by the ammonia and pH of water. In other words, this suggests that as the distance from the point source increases, there was a substantial improvement of water quality in the ponds located along the sewage effluent gradient. Evidently, there is a progressive pattern of growth, survival and physiological health of fish and abundance of favorable diversity of food organisms with rich biodiversity.     

The effects of elevated winter temperature and sub-lethal pollutants (low pH, elevated ammonia) on protein turnover in the gill and liver of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Appetite, growth, and protein turnover (synthesis, growth and degradation) of liver and gills were measured in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed to satiation, and exposed for 90 days to elevated winter temperatures (+2 °C above ambient) and either low pH (5.2) in softwater or 70 M total ammonia (TAmm) in hardwater. All fish increased in weight during the experiments, but those exposed to +2°C grew significantly more than those at ambient temperature due to a stimulation of appetite. During the relatively constant temperature of the first 75 days, +2 °C caused a significant increase in the rates of protein synthesis and degradation in the liver of hardwater-acclimated fish, as a result of an increase in RNA translational efficiency (KRNA). The elevated temperature also induced an increase in gill protein synthesis in softwater-acclimated fish but in this case the underlying mechanism was an increase in Cs, the capacity for protein synthesis (RNA:protein) rather than in KRNA. The addition of 70 M TAmm had no effect on protein turnover in either liver or gills of hardwater-acclimated fish. Low pH inhibited protein growth in the liver of softwater-acclimated fish at day 90 under both temperature regimes. This inhibition was effected via a decrease in protein synthesis at control temperature but via an increase in protein degradation when the fish were exposed to both low pH and +2 °C. From these results we conclude that a simulated global warming scenario has potentially beneficial rather than detrimental effects on protein turnover and growth of freshwater fish during winter.     

Quantitative proteomic analysis of wheat grain proteins reveals differential effects of silencing of omega-5 gliadin genes in transgenic lines

Novel wheat lines with altered flour compositions can be used to decipher the roles of specific gluten proteins in flour quality. Grain proteins from transgenic wheat lines in which genes encoding the omega-5 gliadins were silenced by RNA interference (RNAi) were analyzed by quantitative 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). The precise effects of the genetic modifications on the proteome were assessed in four homozygous lines generated with the same RNAi construct. Two of the lines showed >80% decreases in omega-5 gliadins with only small changes in the levels of other gluten proteins. In the other two lines, omega-5 gliadins were not detectable by 2-DE. However, there were notable reductions in all omega-1,2 gliadins. Small decreases in several other gluten proteins were also detected in one of the lines. The other line showed notable decreases in three HMW-GS and an s-type LMW-GS, increases in two m-type LMW-GS and several alpha gliadins, as well as increases in both serpins and triticin. The study demonstrates that the same RNAi construct can have differential effects on the wheat grain proteome and highlights the importance of detailed proteomic analyses of transgenic grain prior to selecting lines for further assessment of flour quality and allergenic potential.     

绵羊体表脓包病原的分离·鉴定及药敏试验

[目的]对分离自湖北省大悟县的患病山羊体表脓包中的致病菌进行分析和鉴定,以确定脓包中细菌的分子分类学地位及药物敏感性。[方法]通过对分离株16SrRNA基因序列分析,结合细菌菌落形态和细菌生化特性分析进行细菌分离和鉴定,并对已鉴定的菌株进行药物敏感性试验,筛选出脓包细菌敏感性药物。[结果]从脓包分离的细菌分别为葡萄球菌属、大肠埃希氏杆菌属、不动杆菌属以及绿脓杆菌;药物敏感试验表明这些细菌对药物的敏感性不同,其中对头孢类、喹诺酮类、氨基糖苷类以及氯霉素等敏感。[结论]该研究可为该地区该病流行病学的研究与防治药物的研发提供参考。     

酵母端粒酶RNA的制备及其构型影响因素分析

【目的】体外转录并纯化酵母端粒酶RNA,明确缓冲液中组分对其构型的影响,初步研究四膜虫端粒酶相关蛋白p65与酵母端粒酶RNA的结合情况,为酵母端粒酶活性鉴定及构型功能研究奠定基础。【方法】利用核酶的自剪切功能,通过在3′端引入HDV核酶序列获得完整的酵母端粒酶RNA;并用分子筛SuperDeX-200/16/60凝胶过滤纯化酵母端粒酶RNA;琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测RNA Buffer组分中NaCl和MgCl2浓度对酵母端粒酶RNA构型的影响;非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)检测四膜虫端粒酶相关蛋白p65与酵母端粒酶RNA的结合情况。【结果】通过基因序列合成,结合PCR扩增方法获得了酵母端粒酶RNA基因,并将其构建到体外转录载体上;体外转录获得大量的酵母端粒酶RNA(Yeast-RNA-239);使用SuperDeX-200/16/60成功分离得到了纯净的Yeast-RNA-239。NaCl、MgCl2浓度对酵母端粒酶RNA构型有一定的影响,表现为没有NaCl或MgCl2时,RNA的构型均一且致密;随NaCl、MgCl2浓度的增大,RNA构型逐渐变得松散;而四膜虫端粒酶相关蛋白p65能与酵母端粒酶RNA有效结合。【结论】在体外成功制备了高纯度的酵母端粒酶RNA,NaCl、MgCl2浓度对其构型有影响,四膜虫端粒酶相关蛋白p65能够帮助端粒酶RNA正确折叠。     

剑麻不同组织RNA提取方法比较分析

本研究以剑麻茎尖、花和成熟叶片为材料,比较了SDSⅠ、SDSⅡ、CTABⅠ、CTABⅡ共4种提取缓冲液组成以及Promega公司RNA提取试剂盒、Qiagen植物RNA分离试剂盒、改良Trizol法、改良SDSⅠ法、改良CTABⅠ法以及优化后的改良CTABⅠ法等6种RNA提取方法提取RNA的效果,结果表明:不同缓冲液组成对实验结果影响很大,其中缓冲液CTABⅠ提取的RNA质量和产率均较理想。6种RNA提取方法提取的RNA差异明显,其中优化后的改良CTABⅠ法可同时适合于剑麻茎尖、花和成熟叶片RNA的提取,不仅产率高,而且RNA的质量也较好,无DNA污染,OD260/OD280分别为1.87、2.04和1.98,OD260/OD230分别为2.46、2.10和2.15,产率分别为84.7μg/gFW、65.8μg/gFW和4μg/gFW。用该方法提取的RNA可满足下一步文库构建及基因克隆等分子生物学研究。