环境因子对鱼类吞噬细胞作用的影响

介绍了吞噬细胞的作用及其作用机理;综述了污染物、水温、种群密度等环境因子对鱼类吞噬细胞作用的影响.旨在为深入研究环境因子对鱼类吞噬细胞作用的影响提供参考,为评估环境因子对鱼类免疫和健康的影响提供依据.     

5种红树植物光合产量模型研究

以木榄、白骨壤、桐花树、秋茄和海漆为试材,以光合作用对环境因子的响应为主线,建立了叶片水平上的光合产量模型。就光合作用对环境因子(太阳辐射、温度及CO2浓度等)变化的响应特征及合理性进行了分析,使用整个生长季实测的叶片生理数据对所建模型进行了验证,结果表明,模型可以较好的模拟实测红树植物的光合速率,并确定了5种红树植物单叶片光合作用与环境因子之间的数量关系。     

五味子GAP基地环境质量评价

采用国家规定的环境质量及其分析方法标准,对吉林博维五味子GAP种植基地规划区环境空气、土壤环境和水质资源进行了评价.结果表明:吉林博维五味子GAP种植基地规划区大气质量标准达到GB 3095-1996的2级标准,土壤环境达到GB 15618-1995的1级标准,水资源达到GB 5084-92的1类标准.吉林博维五味子GAP种植区环境质量良好,符合绿色药材栽培的环境质量要求.     

水稻米糠中矿质营养品质的研究

选用有代表性的不同种皮颜色水稻品种36份,比较分析了在不同环境下种植,其米糠中Se、Cu、Fe、Zn、Ca和Mn6种矿质元素含量的差异及其相关性。结果表明:米糠中6种元素的平均含量依高低排序为Ca>Mn>Fe>Zn>Cu>Se,而且各品种间Ca含量的变异系数最大,而Se含量的变异系数最小;米糠中多种元素含量高且稳定的品种有:"福两优63"(Se、Fe、Mn)、"培两优288"(Cu、Fe、Mn)、"特优77"(Cu、Fe、Zn、Mn)、"IR30"(Se、Fe、Zn、Mn)和"隆化大红欲"(Cu、Fe、Zn)等;白米米糠中Mn含量(137.779μg/g)极显著高于黑米米糠(119.739μg/g)和红米米糠(113.967μg/g);在3种不同环境条件下,米糠中Fe与Zn含量间均表现显著正相关,而Fe与Ca含量间呈显著或极显著负相关。     

集合环境梯度对森林生物多样性的影响

通过对不同环境梯度上的森林群落内植物和昆虫类群生物多样性的研究，发现森林各功能类群的多样性与集合环境梯度间的相关关系不很明显，但可以看出它们都随环境梯度的升高而呈上升的趋势，Ｂｅｔａ多样性与环境梯度相关紧密，呈直线上升，从植物类群物种的βｚ与昆虫类群物种的βｋ对集合环境梯度变化的反应来看，βｋ明显落后于βｚ。     

环境因子对稻米品质性状的影响

概述了影响稻米品质的主要气候因子和栽培措施,提出水稻保优栽培基本原则,即首先选择品质优良的品种,在保证品种产量的前提下,因种因地制宜,充分利用气候因子,综合利用栽培因素,使稻米生产的每一环节都有利于品质的发展。     

Interactions of formal and informal knowledge systems in village-based tree management in central India

This study critiques the idea of a Western science -- indigenous knowledge dichotomy in agricultural knowledge by examining the hybrid nature of knowledge use and incorporation by villagers in Madhya Pradesh, India. By analyzing knowledge systems as multi-leveled structures consisting of concrete practices linked to more abstract, explanatory concepts, this paper illustrates how information from multiple sources is integrated into local bodies of knowledge about tree management. Practices such as urea fertilization from formal global science might be explained by concepts such as that of a hot/cold duality from informal folk science. Similarly, other pieces of knowledge stemming from diverse knowledge systems are shown to become mixed and matched on practical and conceptual levels. Additionally, several knowledge elements used locally appear to be held in common by many knowledge systems around the world, rendering the determination of their origins in one system or another nearly impossible. These observations lead to the conclusion that local knowledge systems of tree management are better characterized as open systems rather than distinct, closed systems. Furthermore, the constant exchange of material between formal and informal, local and global systems renders untenable any strict dichotomy of knowledge systems.     

On the ethics of biological control of insect pests

Of the four types of biological control, (1) natural, (2) conservation, (3) augmentation, and (4) importation), ethical concerns have been raised almost exclusively about only one type: importation. These concerns rest largely on fears of extinction of animal species. Importation biological control is a cost-effective alternative to chemical control for basic food crops of resource-poor farmers. Regarding the other types of biological control, natural biological control is not consciously manipulated by humans. Augmentation has some technical concerns, but is generally an environmentally-sound, viable alternative to chemicals and offers local employment. Conservation can help empower farmers to preserve native species, while saving labor and money and reducing chemical insecticides.     

森林采伐的环境约束

阐述了人类与森林相互作用的发展过程及近代出现的与森林减少有关的大环境问题，并根据许多发达国家在森要采伐与森林环境方面的研究成果，就采伐作业对森林环境产生的直接和间接作用进行了综合分析和阐述。指出，森林的锐减和人口的猛增是造成当代环境危机的主要原因之一。采伐作业对森林产生的不利影响是客观存在的，但只要采伐规划合理和作业技术应用适宜，这种影响不会对森林的良性发展产生实质性的负作用。     

土地整理的环境影响

以土地整理的概念与内涵、基本模式简要介绍为基础,分析了土地整理环境影响,并提出了土地整理环境保护对策与措施.