增强学生对“作物栽培学实验”学习兴趣的探讨

该文根据在作物栽培学及其实验的教学过程中的心得体会,从实验教学内容和模式、教学手段、教学方法及考核办法等几个方面展开论述,总结了如何增强学生对该实验课程的学习兴趣,以便更好地改善教学质量。     

基于响应面法和NSGA-II算法的麦弗逊悬架优化

应用响应面法和经过改进的非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-II)进行悬架结构参数优化.在ADAMS/Insight软件中进行设计参数的灵敏度分析，针对灵敏度较大的设计参数，建立车轮定位参数在车轮跳动过程中最大变化量的2阶响应面近似数学模型对该模型进行稳定性分析，并且应用加入精英保持策略和去除重复个体算法的NSGA-II优化算法对多目标响应面模型进行优化求解.优化结果表明该方法具有较高的精确性与有效性.     

《园林设计初步》课程教学探析

《园林设计初步》是园林专业的基础课。针对目前《园林设计初步》教学存在的问题，结合《园林设计初步》课程定位及特点，围绕制图基础、设计基础及设计入门三大教学内容，从理论教学和实训教学两个方面，提出当前形势下《园林设计初步》教学内容安排及教学方法，以期提高教学效果。     

湘南典型残次阔叶林人工促进更新技术研究

于2003年在湖南省汝城县益将国有林场天然残次阔叶林内设置试验样地和对照样地各3个,采用林地清理、补植、补播等手段促进天然更新,并分别于2006年和2011年进行2次人工促进干预;同时,在6个样地内各设置3个样方,共计18个样方,分别于2003、2008、2013年冬,对幼树、幼苗、萌条的数量及地径进行统计,并对样方内胸径≥5 cm的立木进行每木调查。结果表明:种子补播保存率43%,幼苗补植保存率20%,平均保存率32%。树高≤30 cm且地径0.5 cm、31 cm≤树高≤50 cm且0.5 cm地径0.7 cm幼树的数量下降率分别是对照样地的17.5%、21.59%,树高≥51 cm且地径0.7 cm幼树的数量下降率是对照样地的121.66%。2008年单位面积蓄积量是对照样地的2.28倍,2013年达到3.80倍;经过10年更新,单位面积蓄积量是试验前的11.57倍,对照样地单位面积蓄积量仅是试验前的2.55倍;单位面积蓄积量是对照样地的4.54倍。人工促进天然更新所需的人工成本为1 860元/hm2,仅为同期人工营造杉木幼林所需人工成本5 310元/hm2的35%。     

有关鸡瘟病毒防治方法的讨论

鸡瘟是病毒引起的一种急性传染病。鸡瘟的季节一般在春季和秋季发生,它的传染比较迅速,如果没有进行及时的防控,流行起来,具有很高的死亡率。     

Farmers' knowledge and perception of grain legume pests and their management in the Eastern province of Kenya

Grain legumes play an important role in community livelihood and in the national economy in Kenya. Unfortunately, in many African countries, production doesn't satisfy the demand in grains due to various constrains. Understanding farmers practices and behavior in the management of grain legume pests is a crucial step in the development of sustainable management strategies. A total of 216 farmers were surveyed in eight districts of eastern Kenya to evaluate farmers' knowledge and perceptions of grain legume pests; to examine current pest management practices, and to identify other production constraints. Grain legumes are grown by a wide age-group of farmers, with both genders equally represented. Chemical control remains the main pest management strategy, and, to ensure pesticide effectiveness, farmers also use increased application rates, chemical alternation, frequent application and mixtures of chemicals. While farmers used other control measures, they showed only limited interest in biological control. The majority of the farmers had experience in grain legume farming and were able to identify the major pests, which were the legume flower thrips Megalurothrips sjostedti Trybom, the cowpea aphid Aphis craccivora Koch and the legume pod borer Maruca vitrata Fabricius. Our survey revealed that education and proximity to extension services contributed significantly to farmers' knowledge of grain legume pests, suggesting the need to provide continuous training and capacity building on integrated pest management in grain legume farming. The study also suggests integration of other pest management strategies such as the use of early maturing varieties, biopesticides and biofertilizer to reduce the use of chemical for sustainable pest management.     

树轮地貌学方法在坡面土壤侵蚀调查中的应用——以河北省环首都山地为例

通过对树根解剖法的综合分析,提出了基于全树龄的坡面土壤侵蚀调查方法。利用该方法,选择河北省涞源县、兴隆县两地作为典型调查点,对河北省环首都山地的坡面土壤侵蚀进行了调查,探讨了树龄分析法在不同地貌部位、不同岩性、不同树种条件下土壤侵蚀研究的可行性。结果表明,利用全树龄分析方法所取得的坡面水土流失数据与RUSLE模型具有一定的可比性,而且基于全树龄的树轮地貌学方法对研究区土壤侵蚀情况的时空变化特征具有更强的指示性和分辨率,实用性更高。     

《毛泽东思想和中国特色社会主义理论体系概论》教学改革探讨

“概论”课理论性、现实性很强,在当前我国社会转型和改革攻坚深刻影响人们思想的形势下,如何讲好“概论”课对教师的教学理念、教学方法、技能和知识结构都提出了很高的要求.笔者在认真分析学生对思想政治理论课需求的基础上进行了一系列教学方法改革和实践：坚持理论联系实际,讲好讲活理论；采取互动教学方法,让学生更多的参与教学；灵活运用多媒体技术；通过实践教学促进课堂教学；举办多种专题讲座,拓展学生思维和视野.     

骆驼乳研究进展

本文介绍了骆驼乳的营养和生物学价值,影响骆驼乳品质的因素,以及骆驼乳掺假鉴定技术,展望了骆驼乳的开发前景,以期为骆驼乳的研究提供理论依据。     

Describing Human–Wildlife Interaction from a European Perspective

European researchers from both the natural and social sciences show growing interest in studying interactions between society and wildlife. A wealth of theoretical frameworks, concepts, and methods are used, but an integration of perspectives is lacking. This research note summarizes results from two workshops that included 63 delegates from 25 European countries, as well as a follow-up survey of 41 respondents. Two main theoretical approaches to the study of human–wildlife interactions were identified. One approach focuses on the collective societal level relying on theories of governance, social representation, deliberative procedures, and commons theory. The other approach targets individuals or groups, and is based on theories such as the cognitive hierarchy, theory of reasoned action, and theory of planned behavior. Interdisciplinary collaboration is needed to identify the best options for wildlife conservation and management in a more politically integrated Europe.