蕙兰Flowering locus T基因的克隆及其对开花的影响

【目的】 探讨CfFT基因在蕙兰成花中的作用。【方法】采用RT-PCR结合RACE技术从蕙兰(Cymbidium faberi)中克隆Flowering locus T（FT）同源基因CfFT。采用实时定量RT-PCR对不同组织及不同花发育时期CfFT进行表达分析。将该基因克隆到PBI121载体上导入烟草中,并对不同转基因烟草株系中的CfFT、NFL、NtFUL和NAP1基因进行实时定量RT-PCR分析。【结果】对蕙兰花芽分化不同时期的CfFT的表达分析表明,CfFT在花芽分化初期的表达量最高,之后随着花芽的成熟表达量逐渐降低。将CfFT导入烟草进行异源表达,转基因株系表现出明显的早花表型。对开花时间不一的转基因株系中的CfFT表达分析表明,其表达量与转基因烟草开花时间早晚成正比。进一步对这些株系内源的NFL、NAP1和NtFUL表达分析表明,NFL、NAP1和NtFUL基因的表达量与CfFT表达成正比,说明NFL、NAP1和NtFUL的表达受FT基因的上游调控。【结论】在烟草中异源表达蕙兰中的CfFT基因能促进烟草提前开花。     

Separation and Identification of Differentially Expressed Proteins in Pistillate Flowers between Different Mulberry Cultivars

[Objective] This study aimed to explore the proteins related to pistillate flower development in different mulberry cultivars. [Method] The total proteins of the pistillate flowers of two mulberry cultivars Dal0 （Morus atropurpurea Roxb.） and SG01 （Morus muIticaulis Perr.） were extracted, separated and detected through two- dimensional electrophoresis （2-DE） and mass spectrometry. [Result] There was sig- nificant difference in the expression of proteins from the pistillate flowers of different mulberry cultivars. From the 2-DE images of Dal0 and SG01, 445_＋17 and 425_＋12 protein spots were respectively detected. The expression levels of 75 protein spots differed significantly. Thirteen spots those were expressed at high levels and well separated were analyzed by mass spectrometry, and nine of them were identified successfully. The nine proteins are involved in the glycometabolism, protein and amino acid metabolism and defense responses during the development of mulberry pistillate flower after they were pollinated. [Conclusion] The findings will provide reference for further study on the molecular mechanism of mulberry pistillate flower de- velopment.     

PBO对苹果幼树生长、叶片品质及成花的影响

【目的】研究PBO喷施处理对苹果幼树生长、叶片品质相关指标及芽萌发和成花的影响。【方法】以5年生苹果品种"长富2号"(以下简称"富士")和"富红早嘎"(以下简称"嘎啦")为试材,在4、5、6月的10号喷施6 667mg/L PBO溶液3次,喷施量(按溶液质量计)为2.5kg/(株.次),以喷施清水为对照,测量统计幼树生长、叶片品质和成花相关指标。【结果】(1)经PBO喷施处理后"富士"、"嘎啦"幼树株高、冠径的年生长量均受到显著抑制,而茎粗的年生长量却显著增加;PBO对"富士"、"嘎啦"主枝的延长生长有显著抑制作用,也显著抑制了"富士"幼树主枝的加粗生长,但对"嘎啦"主枝加粗生长的抑制作用不显著;PBO喷施处理对"富士"新梢生长有显著的抑制作用,而"嘎拉"由于新梢生长停滞较早受其影响很小。(2)经PBO喷施处理后"富士"幼树叶片百叶鲜质量在7～10月份、百叶干质量在7～8月份均显著大于对照,而"嘎啦"百叶鲜、干质量在6～9月份有相同的结果;无论"富士"还是"嘎啦",PBO喷施处理后,幼树叶片的百叶面积在5～10月份均显著小于对照,但比叶重均显著大于对照(除"富士"6月份外)。(3)喷施PBO能在一定程度上提高"富士"、"嘎啦"幼树上、中、下部枝条的萌芽率和成花率。【结论】苹果幼树的生长及叶片品质状况与幼树芽的分化形成有密切关系,喷施PBO(6 667mg/L)显著抑制了苹果幼树的营养生长,改善了叶片品质,使幼树的生长发育朝着有利于芽分化形成的方向发展,最终有效促进了"富士"、"嘎啦"苹果幼树花芽的形成。     

Hand and Machine Pollination of Kiwifruit

ABSTRACT

Two artificial pollination field trials were carried out in Central Chile (32°S. Lat.) during the 1999-2000 season with ‘Hay-ward’ kiwifruit plants (Actinidia deliciosa (Chev.) Liang et Ferguson). The treatments for both trials used pollen collected from ‘Matua’ and included: flower to flower hand pollination; hand pollination using a velvet pad attached to a handle; and mechanical pollination using a portable pollen (1:1, pollen: licopodium) dusting machine; and a control treatment without artificial pollination. Trial 1 did not include bee hives as did Trial 2. In Trial 2, half of the selected shoots in each plant were isolated from bee pollination by means of a light fabric bag. A block design with 5 replications of one plant each was used in Trial 1, while in Trial 2 a fully random split plot (with and without isolation) with 5 replications was used. In both trials, flower to flower and pad pollination increased fruit set, fruit size, seeds and fertilized locules per fruit. Mechanical pollination also increased these variables but to a lesser degree. In the split plot design carried out in the Trial 2, even though there was an interaction between isolation and pollination treatment, the supplementary bee pollination tended to increase fruit size, seeds and fertilized locules per fruit.     

相关酶活性对板栗雄花芽形成的影响

以湖北省松滋市陈店镇板栗资源圃6年生‘鄂栗2号’板栗（Castanea mollissima131．）为试材,在雄花芽临界分化期测定雄花茅和同期叶芽中5种相关酶（CAT、POD、SOD、PPO、蔗糖酶）活性,以期了解和探索板栗雄花茅分化的生理机制,探讨科学有效的抑制雄花茅分化、促进雌花分化的方法,并为板栗的开花授粉、结实丰产的化学调控及合理的施肥措施提供理论依据。研究结果表明：雄花芽临界分化期,两类芽中CAT、POD、PPO、SOD和蔗糖酶的活性变化趋势相似,雄花芽中5种酶活性均高于叶芽。从而可知,较高的CAT、POD、PPO、SOD和蔗糖酶活性促进了雄花芽分化。     

11种菊科花卉在北京西山的环境适应性研究

通过对11种菊科花卉的示范应用研究,找出适宜西山特定山地环境下的优良品种,为西山地区的森林景观改造以及北京地区其他山地环境的美化提供依据。经过对比研究发现:适应性最强的是甘野菊、硫华菊,其次是金光菊、松果菊和金鸡菊,再次是孔雀草、万寿菊、百日草,适应性最差的是波斯菊、矢车菊和勋章菊。     

切花多头菊冬季设施栽培品种筛选与评价

为选择适宜浙江省冬季设施栽培的切花多头菊最佳品种,以48个切花多头菊品种为试验材料,对其17个农艺性状进行观察测量和评分,通过不同品质和农艺性状评价分析,探究浙江省冬季低温对不同品种切花菊商品性的影响。依据48个切花多头菊品种冬季低温种植表现,28个切花多头菊品种的栽培效果符合市场要求,当处于低温环境中其生长状态佳,各项生长及品质指标达到最佳,研究结果可为切花多头菊的冬季栽培提供选择依据。     

棕榈油基鲜花饼的研制

为研制棕榈油基鲜花饼,分别使用熔点52℃棕榈硬脂、24℃棕榈液油、5℃超级棕榈液油进行调和,制备出与猪油固体脂肪含量(SFC)相近的5种配方的棕榈调和油,并制作鲜花饼,在感官评价和氧化稳定性(OSI)2个方面与猪油进行对比。结果表明,除配方1(T1)在操作上稍硬外,其他配方与猪油无明显差别,感官评价结果显示猪油在口感与层次感方面略高于棕榈调和油,但香味上有少许油腻味,根据感官评价结果优选配方4(T4)为最佳配方,氧化稳定测试显示棕榈调和油T4的氧化稳定性是猪油的4倍以上。因此,T4配方(52℃棕榈硬脂∶24℃棕榈液油∶5℃超级棕榈液油=35∶60∶5)可以替代猪油生产鲜花饼,并且具有更优的氧化稳定性。     

黑喉石斛DoFT1基因在花发育过程中的表达模式分析及功能验证

FT（FLOWERING LOCUS T）基因是植物开花调控过程中的关键整合基因。为探明黑喉石斛（Dendrobium ochreatum）FT同源基因功能及其在黑喉石斛嫩茎开花过程中扮演的角色,本研究以黑喉石斛为试验材料,基于转录组测序结果,克隆得到黑喉石斛FT同源基因,命名为DoFT1。DoFT1基因编码区长度为537 bp,共编码178个氨基酸;生物信息学分析结果表明,该基因编码的蛋白属于PEBP家族蛋白,其含有关键保守氨基酸位点Tyr84和11个连续保守氨基酸残基序列,为FT同源基因;进化树分析结果显示,DoFT1氨基酸序列与铁皮石斛和小兰屿蝴蝶兰同源基因亲缘关系较近;Real-time PCR分析结果显示,DoFT1主要在黑喉石斛叶片部位表达,其表达量在花芽开始分化阶段出现上调,并在花芽成熟期达到峰值后呈下降趋势;将DoFT1导入烟草中超量表达,可以显著促进烟草提前开花。     

成品保鲜剂对芍药切花保鲜效果的影响

[目的]研究不同成品保鲜剂及其组合对切花芍药瓶插保鲜效果的影响。[方法]选取进口芍药‘珊瑚魅力’为试材,选择2种成品保鲜剂及其组合对切花芍药进行处理,调查瓶插期间切花芍药的瓶插寿命、花朵直径和花朵开放进程等指标。[结果]保鲜剂组合(可利鲜∶花之寿=1∶1)处理的效果最好,瓶插期比对照CK增加3 d。保鲜剂可利鲜对芍药切花花径的增大有促进作用,而花之寿对切花花径增大的作用不明显。[结论]为花店或切花生产供应商延长芍药切花瓶插寿命提供参考。