Mosquito larvicidal activity of alkaloids from Zanthoxylum lemairei against the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae

Four alkaloids, 10-O-demethyl-17-O-methylisoarnottianamide 1, 6-acetonyl-N-methyl-dihydrodecarine 2, nitidine 3, and chelerythrine 4 were isolated from the plant Zanthoxylum lemairei (Rutaceae) and evaluated for mosquito larvicidal activity against the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae. The mortalities of the larvae were determined after 24 h. The results of the larvicidal tests demonstrated that compounds 1 and 2 were the most potent with mortality rates of 96.7% and 98.3% at a concentration of 250 mg/L, respectively. Compound 3 was less potent with a mortality of 28.3% at the same concentration. The percent mortality of 100% was observed at a concentration of 500 mg/L. The least potent of the four alkaloids was compound 4, which achieved 100% mortality at 1000 mg/L. These findings could be useful in the research for newer more selective, biodegradable and natural larvicidal compounds or can be used as lead compounds for the development of larvicides.     

提高栝楼组培苗移栽成活率的关键技术

结合实践提出一些提高栝楼组培苗移裁成活率的技术和措施.该技术首先利用MS+0.2 mg/LNAA的培养基进行生根培养,得到质量较好的健壮无菌苗;再通过循序渐进的炼苗手段使无菌栝楼苗逐渐适应自然环境,于3月下旬至6月下旬将练好的栝楼苗移栽至河砂∶蛭石∶泥炭体积比为1∶1∶2的复合基质中,置于温室小拱棚中,温度控制在15～25℃范围内,空气湿度保持在70％～80％,待栝楼苗长出新叶和新根后,以每天下降1～5个百分点的速度逐渐降低空气湿度,直至与棚外大田环境湿度相同时,打开塑料膜进行大田定植,大田移栽成活率可达80％～95％.     

金银木叶总黄酮提取工艺的响应面设计优化

[目的]优化并确定金银木叶中总黄酮的最佳提取工艺。[方法]在单因素试验的基础上,选用乙醇体积分数、提取温度、液料比作为研究对象,通过3因素、3水平的Box-Behnken响应面法确定金银木叶总黄酮提取的最佳工艺。[结果]试验表明,金银木叶总黄酮的最佳提取工艺为,乙醇体积分数68%,提取温度67℃,液料比27∶1 ml/g,在此条件下,黄酮提取率可达到12.88%。[结论]研究可为金银木的充分利用以及新的抗氧化药物的开发提供参考依据。     

核桃楸成熟合子胚无菌萌发条件的研究

[目的]研究适合核桃楸在无菌条件下萌发而获得无菌植株的方法。[方法]以成熟核桃楸合子胚为试材,探讨不同外植体、基本培养基、激素、蔗糖对核桃楸无菌萌发的影响。[结果]以带2片子叶的核桃楸合子胚为外植体,在MS+BA 2.5 mg/L或MS+BA 2.5mg/L+IBA 0.01 mg/L上萌发效果最好。[结论]适宜的萌发条件可促进核桃楸萌发,提高萌发率。     

花椒林地不同地面覆盖的水热效应研究

花椒(Zanthoxylumbungeanum)为芸香科(Rutaceae)花椒属落叶灌木或小乔木,是重要的调味品、香料及木本油料树种。我国花椒主产于四川、甘肃、陕西、山东、河北、河南等省,栽培历史悠久(曾京京,2000)。花椒耐干旱瘠薄,根系发达,表层根系密度大,水平根的分布大于冠幅3~4倍(余晓林,2003),因而是山区生态造林的重要树种。近年来,在退耕还林项目中被列为生态经济树种,在发展山区经济中发挥了重要作用(魏玉君等,1996;何腾兵等,2000)。研究(李洪钵等,1991;曹彬等,2002)表明,通过施肥、整形修剪等措施可提高花椒的产量。然而,目前花椒园土壤管理中仍…     

顶坛花椒生长状况及其构件种群研究

本文研究了贵州喀斯特花江峡谷地区特有经济植物一顶坛花椒生长状况及其枝、叶构件种群，结果表明：(1)顶坛花椒的树高、地径、冠幅随着树龄的增加，均呈现传统的“S”形增长曲线。(2)茎叶数在前几年迅速下降，5年以后变为零。第一枝高在1～4年期间快速下降，以后基本保持稳定。(3)各级分枝的平均分枝角度随树龄的增大而呈现不同的波动趋势，但总体来说略有增加。随着枝级的增加，平均分枝角度反而减少。(4)各级枝平均分枝长度及平均粗度由于受枝条的萌生率和死亡率的影响而呈现不同的波动性。(5)在顶坛花椒的不同年龄阶段，约两种左右枝级的叶片面积是植株总叶面积的主要组成部分。     

In vitro effects of four tropical plants on three life-cycle stages of the parasitic nematode, Haemonchus contortus

Alcoholic extracts of four tropical plants (Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides, Newbouldia laevis, Morinda lucida and Carica papaya) were screened in vitro for potential anti-parasitic effects against eggs, infective larvae and adult Haemonchus contortus. Significant effects were obtained with all four plants but differences were observed depending on the parasitic stage. The effects of the four plant extracts were similar on egg hatching and were dose dependent. In contrast, no dose-response relationship was found for infective larvae and adult worms, although more potent effects were usually observed with the highest concentrations. Using a larval inhibition migration test, extracts of fagara (Z. zanthoxyloides) were found to be less active against Haemonchus infective larvae than were the other plants. N. laevis was found to be highly and rapidly effective against adult worms. Overall, these in vitro results suggest that these four plants, traditionally used by small farmers in Western Africa, do possess anti-parasitic properties. These effects remain to be confirmed through in vivo studies.     

光叶蚊子草挥发油成分GC-MS分析

用气相色谱-质谱法分析光叶蚊子草的挥发油化学成分.采用水蒸气蒸馏法从光叶蚊子草中提取挥发油.用归一化法测定其百分含量,并用气相色谱-质谱法鉴定化学成分.共鉴定了23个成分,占挥发油总量的78.53%以上.本方法稳定可靠,重现性好,适用于中药挥发油的化学成分分析     

花椒愈伤组织EMS诱变及变异研究

用EMS处理花椒韧皮部及叶片来源的愈伤组织,确定愈伤组织的适宜来源和EMS处理花椒愈伤组织LD50,在不同EMS浓度的半致死剂量下处理愈伤组织,组培获得花椒诱变植株。结果表明,EMS诱变花椒愈伤组织的LD50为0.3%EMS处理6h,0.5%EMS处理4h,0.7%EMS处理2h。诱变后愈伤组织经增殖和分化形成完整植株。通过对比再生植株形态学差异,筛选出变异植株340株。     

茶条槭叶没食子酸的提取工艺优化及其稳定性研究

探索了从茶条槭叶中提取没食子酸的工艺,在提取温度、料液比、提取浓度和提取时间4个单因素试验基础上,运用正交试验法研究了3个因素对没食子酸提取量的优化;同时考察了不同温度、pH值、金属离子对提取的没食子酸稳定性的影响。结果表明:茶条槭叶提取没食子酸的最优工艺为料液比1∶60、盐酸浓度4 mol/L、沸水浴提取4 h,提取量为210.314 mg/g;没食子酸对热和强酸(pH值<3)具有较好的稳定性,容易和碱发生反应;Mn2+、Mg2+、Ca2+和低浓度Cu2+对没食子酸的稳定性影响不显著,Fe2+对没食子酸的稳定性有明显影响,在提取加工和贮存过程中应避免Fe2+的存在。