Effect of fluazifop-p-butyl treatment on pigments and polyamines level within tissues of non-target maize plants

Fluazifop-p-butyl (FL) is one of the most popular graminicides from arylophenoxypropionate group. These herbicides act as inhibitors of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) that catalyzes the formation of malonyl-CoA during metabolism of lipids and/or of some secondary compounds. On the other hand arylopropionates and cyclohexanediones cause phytotoxic effects by stimulating free-radicals generation and causing oxidative stress in susceptible plants. However, the importance of disturbances in plant pigments and polyamines accumulation for this effect is not clear. The aim of this work is to quantify the phytotoxicity of FL to non target maize plant and to explain how photosynthetic pigments, anthocyanins (ANC) and polyamines participate in this interaction.     

多胺、乙烯对玉米子粒发育早期的影响

本文对子粒败育与乙烯、多胺的关系进行了探讨.采用两类不同基因型(典型的顶端败育类型和正常类型)玉米杂交种为材料,对子粒发育前期乙烯的代谢变化,以及果穗中下部正常子粒上部败育子粒内原精胺(Spm)、亚精胺(SPd)和腐胺(Put)的含量进行了研究,结果表明:败育子粒在受粉后8～12天阶段中多胺含量明显低于正常子粒,子粒的乙烯释放量在授粉后的0～8天也出现.研究认为,乙烯的释放量,及果穗顶部子粒较低的多胺含量都与子粒败育密切相关,同期败育类型玉米子粒的乙烯释放量显著高于正常类型,同一类型中又表现为顶部高于中部。     

多胺与果蔬采后冷害及衰老的关系

介绍了多胺的生物合成途径,多胺减轻果蔬冷害的可能机制;综述了果蔬采后成熟衰老过程中多胺与冷害发生、乙烯生成及果实氧化作用的关系及相关研究进展。     

Effects of exogenous putrescine on improving shelf life of four plum cultivars

Four plum cultivars (‘Golden Japan’, ‘Black Diamond’, ‘Black Star’ and ‘Santa Rosa’) were treated with 1 mM putrescine, and then stored at 20 °C. Storage duration was different for each cultivar, but the effect of putrescine in terms of increased shelf life, delayed ripening process, and higher quality attributes when compared with controls was significant for all cultivars. In addition, putrescine-treated plums showed delay and/or reduction on ethylene production, the intensity of reduction being dependent on the maximum of ethylene production at the climacteric peak. Also, higher fruit and flesh firmness, lower soluble solids concentration and titratable acidity evolution, reduced weight loss and delayed colour changes were found after putrescine treatment during storage. Moreover, higher putrescine and spermidine levels (free forms) were observed in putrescine-treated plums. The results revealed that plum storability could be extended by putrescine treatment due to its effect on delaying the ripening processes.     

模拟酸雨对龙眼幼果多胺含量的影响研究

以8年生乌龙岭龙眼为试验材料,研究不同pH的模拟酸雨对龙眼幼果多胺含量的影响。结果表明,酸雨胁迫下龙眼幼果多胺(PAs)、腐胺(Put)、亚精胺 精胺(Spd Spm)含量上升,并随果实的发育而逐渐下降。易脱落幼果的PAs、Put、Spd Spm含量均显著高于正常幼果。     

低温解除后辣椒叶片中多胺和内源激素的动态变化研究

在对两个辣椒品种进行低温处理的基础上,研究了低温结束后生长恢复期辣椒叶片中多胺和内源激素的动态变化情况。结果表明,低温使辣椒叶片中腐胺、精胺和亚精胺的含量有不同程度增加,使GA₃和IAA的含量降低和ABA含量增加;随着低温条件的解除,腐胺含量和ABA含量迅速下降至对照水平,表明腐胺和ABA含量的变化是植株自身对低温的一种应激反应,而精胺和IAA含量在低温解除一段时间后不能恢复至对照水平,推测精胺和IAA含量的变化是可能植株对低温的一种适应性反应。     

多胺对黄瓜生长和雌花分化的影响

应用6、12、24 mg/L的亚精胺(Spd)、精胺(Spm)、腐胺(Put)溶液喷施2～3叶期黄瓜幼苗,发现Spd、Spm处理均能明显地促进黄瓜植株的营养生长、雌花分化,其中12 mg/L Spd、24 mg/L Spm处理的雌花数和结瓜数分别高于其它处理,其雌花始花节位分别低于其它处理.Put处理的雌花数和结瓜数低于CK,但6、12 mg/L的Put处理明显地促进黄瓜植株的营养生长.     

春大白菜品种选育的形态与生理指标

大白菜抽薹期早晚与花芽分化临界期显著相关，可以用花芽分化临界期替代抽薹期早晚，在生育早期进行晚抽薹性状选择。花芽分化临界期前后生长点的ＣＴＫ，多胺都出现一个高峰，ＣＴＫ高峰出现比多胺早２－４ｄ；结球性良好的晚抽薹品种比结球性差的早抽薹品种ＣＴＫ和多胺含量低。     

外源IBA和PAs对苹果幼苗新根形成,多胺及核酸含量的影响

外源多胺（精胺、亚精胺、腐胺）可增加苹果幼苗新根数量，但效果不及ＩＢＡ；ＩＢＡ能够促进多胺与核酸的积累，有效期２０～２７天；多胺亦可增加ＲＮＡ、ＤＮＡ的含量；处理和对照内源多胺与核酸含量均同步变化。     

Changes in oxidative damage, antioxidant enzyme activities and polyamine contents in leaves of grafted and non-grafted eggplant seedlings under stress by excess of calcium nitrate

The effect of 80 mmol L⁻¹ stress by excess of calcium nitrate [Ca(NO₃)₂] on biomass production, oxidative damage, antioxidant enzymes activities and polyamine contents in leaves of grafted and non-grafted eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) seedlings were studied, in which grafted plants were grafted on a salinity tolerant rootstock (Solanum torvum Swartz). The results showed that on the 15th day of treatment, the biomass production reduction of non-grafted seedlings was significantly higher than that of grafted seedlings. Under stress by excess of Ca(NO₃)₂, superoxide anion radical (O₂⁻) producing rate, electrolyte leakage percentage, contents of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and malondialdehyde (MDA) of non-grafted seedlings were significantly higher than those of grafted seedlings, but activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), peroxidase (POD, EC 1.11.1.7), ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11) and glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2) of grafted seedlings were significantly higher than those of non-grafted seedlings, moreover, contents of free, soluble conjugated and insoluble bound polyamines of grafted seedlings were significantly higher than those of non-grafted seedlings, and activities of diamine oxidase (DAO, EC 1.4.3.6) and polyamine oxidase (PAO, EC 1.5.3.3) of grafted seedlings were significantly lower than those of non-grafted seedlings. The possible roles of antioxidant enzymes and polyamines in protective mechanism of grafted eggplant seedlings to stress by excess of Ca(NO₃)₂ were discussed.