Effect of bensulfuron-methyl (a sulfonylurea herbicide) on the soil bacterial community of a paddy soil microcosm

The effect of bensulfuron-methyl (BSM) on a soil microbial community in a model paddy microcosm was studied. Total bacterial numbers in the overlying water and surface soil were monitored for 2 months after the application of BSM at the field rate and a ten-fold field rate. Pentachlorophenol (PCP) was used for comparison. Neither chemical affected the total bacterial numbers remarkably, either in the overlying water or in the surface soil. In contrast, the nitrification potential was significantly suppressed by the BSM application. The bacterial community structure, as evaluated by the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of PCR amplification products from bacterial 16S rDNA, was unaffected by the BSM treatments over 8 weeks in the surface soil, compared with the control (no pesticide). In contrast, the surface soil exposed to PCP at a ten-fold field rate showed different patterns from the controls at 4 weeks and 8 weeks after application. The DGGE patterns of the overlying water were much more variable than those of the surface soil in any treatments. Cluster analysis showed that the BSM plots were classified within the same group as the control at 1 week after application and that the BSM and PCP plots from 2 weeks onward after application were grouped differently from the control. Of 22 clones excised from the DGGE gels, 20 clones belonged to the Proteobacteria and two belonged to the Verrucomicrobia. It was considered that the impact of BSM on the overall microbial community (total numbers, community structure of soil) was negligible, although BSM had an impact on some specific functions of the soil microbial community (nitrification) and a part of the community (overlying water).     

温度与再生稻农艺性状的相关性研究

1987-1988年用杂交稻汕优63和冈矮63，在重庆市渝北区同一坡面海拔250-450m作中稻种植，使其再生稻在不同的自然温度下生长发育，结果表明：再生季日均温随海拔高度递增而逐渐下降，它与再生稻全生育日数和千粒重均呈显著负相关，与再生苗数、有效穗数、株高、穗长、穗着粒数、穗实粒数、结实率等农艺性状以及单位面积产量均呈显著正相关；再生稻长苗期和抽穗开花期的日均温与再生稻单产亦呈显著正相关。据此提出重庆地区中迟熟杂交稻品种再生稻稳定较高产量的适宜种植区海拔高度上限约为340m，其对应的年均温为17.8C，稳定通过10C初至连续5d≥22C终日间的日均温为22.8C。     

Multi-scale optical flow estimation of the video based on gradient optimization

A new algorithm based on gradient optimization is proposed for optical flow estimation of video images with different motion ranges. The original video images are transformed by using Loggabor filtering on phases and measures,and then the spatio-temporal gradient is calculated by using the obtained feature images. The optical flow is calculated with the spatio-temporal gradient. The video images are layered and processed with coarse-to-fine image pyramid method. The theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the algorithm is suitable for the video optical flow motion estimation of the significant range. It can not only obtain the video images following the human visual resolution characteristics, but also optimize the spatio-temporal gradient, while the optical flow calculation is more accurate. Besides, the time complexity of this algorithm is equivalent to that of the traditional optical flow method, and the accuracy of the algorithm is superior to the methods suggested by Horn-Schunck, Duan,et al.     

内蒙古某铁矿尾矿库生态修复区的植被恢复效果

尾矿库生态修复可以在一定程度上阻隔库内污染物扩散，适宜植物种选择不仅有利于确保坝体地质安全，还是构建区域生态安全屏障的重要措施。本研究选取内蒙古某铁矿尾矿库的坝体边坡绿化、库外道路、人工湿地3个类型生态修复区，运用植物群落生态学的调查方法，分析与探讨了尾矿库外"边坡-道路-人工湿地"环境梯度下生态修复的适生植物种及物种多样性变化特征。结果表明：尾矿库生态修复区共发现植物31种，隶属13科30属，以菊科、豆科、禾本科和藜科为主，占总数的71.0%。边坡绿化区和库外道路区的草本优势种为狗尾草[Setaria viridis（L.）Beauv]、冰草[Agropyron cristatum（L.）Gaertn]、猪毛菜（Salsola collina Pall）、黄芪[Astragalus membranaceus（Fisch.）Bunge]，共有灌木优势种为白刺（Nitraria tangutorum Bobr）；人工湿地区的建群种为芦苇[Phragmites australis（Cav.）Trin.Ex Steud]。边坡绿化区物种多样性的Shannon-wiener指数（H值）和Pielou均匀度指数（J值）最高，分别为0.983和0.347，人工湿地区的H值和J值最低，分别为0.049和0.030；边坡-道路之间的相异性指数为0.647，道路-湿地之间的相异性指数为0.818，物种组成的替代速率前者大于后者。研究结果可以为相似类型的铁矿尾矿库生态修复的植物种选择和稳定群落构建提供参考。     

中国农业发展的空间格局

我国农业发展水平在空间上呈现出较明显的区域性梯度分布格局，表现在：（１）宏观上，东部、中部和西部的发展速度不均衡，呈现东部快于中部，中部又快于西部的现象；（２）中观上，以城市为中心，同一区域不同地区的发展水平和农业生产结构随距城市的远近不同而变化；（３）微观上，农业发展水平随地理海拔高度的降低而提高的趋势。本文对我国２发展的空间格局形成的过程及原因进行了初步的分析。     

等差线性程序涂渍色谱柱的研究

设计了等差线性程序柱，从理论上推导出等差线性程序柱中组分的保留时间与各操作参数之间的数学关系式，并对其色谱特性及应用了探讨。     

应用自动微分技术的CF—PCG方法及其效率分析

CF－PCG算法是牛顿法和预优共轭梯度法结合起来求解牛顿方程的一种非精确牛顿法。笔者将自动微分技术应用到该算法中，并证明应用自动微分技术的CF－PCG方法具有更高的效率。     

小麦胆色素原脱氨酶的电泳性质分析

经反应红１２０亲和层析纯化的小麦胆色素原脱氨酶（Ｐｏｒｐｈｏｂｉｌｉｎｏｇｅｎ ｄｅａｍｉｎａｓｅ,ＰＢＧＤ,ＥＣ．４,３,１,８）,在ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ和ＩＥＦ－ＰＡＧＥ上均显示一条带,表明已ＰＢＧＤ纯化至均一,它的亚基分子量３６ＫＤ,ｐＩ为４．８。酶活性染色呈一条带,表明无同工酶存在。ＰＡＧＥ显示两条带,证明小麦幼苗中存在酶与底物结合的中间物。脲梯度电泳呈现之字形,在４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的脲浓度下可使酶     

电场强度与作用时间对马尾松木材含水率梯度的影响

将马尾松Pinus massoniana板材置于不同的电场(相距为20 mm电板间的一定电势差)中,经过不同时间的处理后,测试和分析其在厚度(高度)方向的含水率梯度,并与未经电场处理的板材比较,研究电场强度及其作用时间与马尾松木材含水率梯度的影响.研究结果表明:①电场强度与作用时间对马尾松木材厚度(高度)方向的含水率梯度有影响;②厚度(高度)方向的含水率梯度随电场强度(相距为20 mm电板间的电势差)和作用时间的增加都有不断下移的趋势;③电场方向对马尾松木材厚度(高度)方向的含水率梯度的变化无影响.图5参26     

集合环境梯度对森林生物多样性的影响

通过对不同环境梯度上的森林群落内植物和昆虫类群生物多样性的研究，发现森林各功能类群的多样性与集合环境梯度间的相关关系不很明显，但可以看出它们都随环境梯度的升高而呈上升的趋势，Ｂｅｔａ多样性与环境梯度相关紧密，呈直线上升，从植物类群物种的βｚ与昆虫类群物种的βｋ对集合环境梯度变化的反应来看，βｋ明显落后于βｚ。