长江流域国家棉花区域试验审定品种的主要特征特性演变分析(英文)

[目的]采用GGE双标图方法分析历年长江流域棉花区域试验中通过国审的棉花品种的特征特性,探索棉花品种类型和特征的演化趋势。[方法]依据国家棉花品种审定标准对品种进行分类和综合评价指数构建。采用GGE双标图分析1981~2012年期间长江流域53个国审棉花品种主要目标性状的相关性。根据区域试验历年采用的对照品种,将区域试验数据分为5个时期,分析各时期内审定品种类型的比例和总体评价指数的变化动态。[结果]棉花育种目标性状间存在着复杂的相关关系,有必要采用评价指数方法对品种进行综合评价。品种类型的变化动态研究表明,Ⅱ型品种开始于泗棉3号时期,其后呈下降趋势;Ⅲ型品种在各个时期均有一定比例,总体呈上升趋势;Ⅳ型品种为1993年前审定品种的主要类型,在泗棉3号时期以后占比例较小,且呈下降趋势。评价指数的动态变化表明,2003年前品种都在目前合格线以下;2004~2008年期间审定品种总体评分较高;2009年后审定品种的总体评分仅略高于合格线。[结论]长江流域的棉花育种和品种审定中应更注重对马克隆值的改良和评价,以引导棉花丰产性和纤维品质的协调发展。     

猪传染性胃肠炎病毒TaqMan荧光定量PCR方法的建立及在疫苗评价中的应用(英文)

[目的]建立检测猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(transmissible gastroenteritis virus,TGEV)的TaqMan荧光定量PCR方法。[方法]根据TGEV基因组中保守的N基因序列设计引物和探针,以梯度稀释的含有N基因的重组质粒作为标准品,进行定量PCR反应。[结果]该试验建立的荧光定量PCR方法在102~1010拷贝/μl之间具有良好的线性关系,相关系数达到0.99以上,扩增效率在90%~110%之间。该方法的检测灵敏度为10拷贝,敏感性较高,而且特异性较好,与猪的其他病毒核酸均无交叉反应;批内和批间的变异系数低于3%,表明该方法的重复性较好。应用该方法可以对疫苗的免疫效力进行定量检测和评价,也可以对临床病料进行检测。[结论]该研究建立的荧光定量PCR方法灵敏度高、特异性好,可为TGEV的流行病学调查、疫苗开发和发病机制等研究提供可靠的工具。     

杉木不同造林方式效益分析

从福建省洋口国有林场引进杉木2代苗木,通过炼山和不炼山2种方式在福建省沙县设立造林对比试验。结果显示：杉木不炼山方式造林比炼山方式造林投资高12.6%;杉木炼山方式造林前期生长比不炼山方式造林快,5a后渐渐持平,8a后不炼山方式造林显著优于炼山造林;炼山造林还导致土壤容重增大,土壤孔隙度降低,土壤变得紧实。     

白背毛木耳组织分离菌株栽培对比试验

通过出耳栽培试验,比较分析白背毛木耳菌株‘漳耳43-28’、06283与其组织分离菌株 Z43-28-1、Z06283的菌丝生长速度、生长势、抗污染能力、产量等,结果表明：分离菌株Z43-28-1、Z06283比出发菌株‘漳耳43-28’、06283栽培袋菌丝生长速度分别提高10.3％、13.5％,污染率分别降低11.48％、38.55％,产量分别提高6.2％、2.7％。应用组织分离可以达到较好的品种复壮效果。     

层次分析法在贵阳市行道树选择评价中的应用

在对贵州省贵阳市常用行道树进行综合调查的基础上,应用层次分析法,从生态适应性、观赏特性和栽培管理特性3个方面出发,构建了贵阳市行道树综合评价体系.二球悬铃木、荷花玉兰、杜英、银杏、樟树等行道树在该评价体系中的分值较高,这与当前贵阳市应用最为广泛的行道树种类相符.本文试图为合理选择和应用行道树、行道树分级管理提供借鉴,也为保存和合理利用贵阳市野生木本观赏植物资源提供依据.     

基于FPGA的数字下变频设计与实现

数字下变频是全数字解调器中的关键技术之一,其性能好坏直接决定解调器的工作性能。给出一种基于FPGA的数字下变频设计,详细介绍正交变换、CIC抽取滤波及根升余弦滚降FIR低通滤波器的原理设计,并可编程设置各个模块参数。自动生成及动态配置滤波器系数。该设计在Xilinx公司XC3S4000 FPGA芯片的硬件平台和ISE9．2开发环境下,采用Verilog语言编程实现,经过实际通信系统验证,在全数字解调器中很好地完成了多载波、多速率信号的数字下变频处理功能,具有很强的灵活性、稳定性和可扩展性。     

响应面法优化超声波辅助提取珙桐叶没食子酸的工艺条件研究

在单因素试验的基础上,选取提取温度、盐酸浓度、料液比3个主要因素,以没食子酸得率为响应值,对超声波辅助提取珙桐叶中没食子酸的工艺条件进行了优化。结果表明：没食子酸的最佳提取工艺为盐酸浓度2.0 mol/L、提取温度65.6℃、料液比40 m L/g、超声时间30 s,在此条件下没食子酸得率为10.26%。采用超声波辅助法提取珙桐叶中的没食子酸,提取时间短、得率高,具有广阔的应用前景。     

In vitro Selection of DNAAptamers and Fluorescence-Based Recognition for Rapid Detection Listeria monocytogenes

Aptamers are specific nucleic acid sequences that can bind to a wide range of nucleic acid and non-nucleic acid targets with high affinity and specificity. Nucleic acid aptamers are selected in vitro from single stranded DNA or RNA ligands containing random sequences of up to a few hundred nucleotides. Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment （SELEX） was used to select and PCR amplify DNA sequences （aptamers） capable of binding to and detecting Listeria monocytogenes, one of the major food-borne pathogens. A simplified affinity separation approach was employed, in which L. monocytogenes in exponential （log） phase of growth was used as the separation target. A fluorescently-labeled aptamer assay scheme was devised for detecting L. monoeytogenes. This report described a novel approach to the detection of L. monocytogenes using DNA aptamers. Aptamers were developed by nine rounds of SELEX. A high affinity aptamer was successfully selected from the initial random DNA pool, and its secondary structure was also investigated. One of aptamers named e01 with the highest affinity was further tested in aptamer-peroxidase and aptamer-fluorescence staining protocols. This study has proved the principle that the whole-cell SELEX could be a promising technique to design aptamer-based molecular probes for dectection of pathogenic microorganisms without tedious isolation and purification of complex markers or targets.     

Effect of Crop-Straw Derived Biochars on Pb(Ⅱ) Adsorption in Two Variable Charge Soils

Two variable charge soils were incubated with biochars derived from straws of peanut, soybean, canola, and rice to investigate the effect of the biochars on their chemical properties and Pb（II） adsorption using batch experiments. The results showed soil cation exchange capacity （CEC） and pH significantly increased after 30 d of incubation with the biochars added. The incorporation of the biochars markedly increased the adsorption of Pb（II）, and both the electrostatic and non-electrostatic adsorption mechanisms contributed to Pb（II） adsorption by the variable charge soils. Adsorption isotherms illustrated legume- straw derived biochars more greatly increased Pb（II） adsorption on soils through the non-electrostatic mechanism via the formation of surface complexes between Pb（II） and acid functional groups of the biochars than did non-legume straw biochars. The adsorption capacity of Pb（II） increased, while the desorption amount slightly decreased with the increasing suspension pH for the studied soils, especially in a high suspension pH, indicating that precipitation also plays an important role in immobilizing Pb（II） to the soils.     

Proteomic Analysis of Wheat Seed in Response to Drought Stress

Drought stress is one of the major factors affecting in wheat yield and grain quality. In order to investigate how drought stress might influence wheat quality during grain filling, three wheat cultivars Gaocheng 8901, Jagger and Nongda 3406 were subjected to drought stress during the grain filling stage. Neither globulin and glutenin, nor the relative percentage ofamylose significantly changed following drought treatments, whereas albumin and gliadin concentrations did. The SDS-sedimentation, which has a strong linear correlation with wheat baking quality was markedly decreased following drought stress. These results indicated that drought had an adverse effect on wheat qualit3,. In order to investigate the protein complexes in the wheat flour, the data from native PAGE and SDS-PAGE were combined and a total of 14 spots were successfully identified, and of these eight protein types were determined to be potential complex forming proteins.