Agreement of caudal aortic arterial blood pressure with oscillometry using two cuff widths placed on the thoracic or pelvic limbs of sevoflurane-anesthetized rabbits

ObjectiveTo evaluate agreement with central systemic arterial pressure of an oscillometer and two cuff widths placed on the thoracic or pelvic limbs.Study designProspective experimental study.AnimalsA group of nine New Zealand White rabbits weighing 3.5 ± 0.3 kg.MethodsRabbits were sedated with dexmedetomidine and midazolam, then anesthetized with ketamine and sevoflurane. The femoral artery was surgically exposed and a 20 gauge, 5 cm catheter inserted to measure systolic (SAP), mean (MAP) and diastolic (DAP) blood pressure at the iliac artery and caudal aorta junction. Adjustments of vaporizer dial and dobutamine infusion provided a range of invasive blood pressure (IBP). Two measurements of IBP were recorded during the oscillometer cycling phase, and the mean value was used in analyses. Oscillometer cuffs of bladder width 2.0 cm (S1) and 2.5 cm (S2) were placed proximal to the carpus and tarsus. Cuff width to circumference ratio was calculated. Oscillometer SAP, MAP and DAP were paired with corresponding IBP values. Agreement was assessed using linear mixed models (p < 0.05).ResultsCuff ratios for both limbs were 41% (S1 cuff) and 50% (S2 cuff) and 122–139 paired observations were obtained. There was significant limb × cuff interaction with SAP and MAP. The oscillometer overestimated SAP and MAP on the pelvic limb and underestimated SAP and MAP on the thoracic limb. For SAP, the oscillometer overestimated by constant bias (–19 ± 2 mmHg) and proportional bias (0.28 ± 0.02 mmHg per 1 mmHg increase). For MAP, the oscillometer underestimated by constant bias (4 ± 2 mmHg) and was worse with S2 on the thoracic limb. Overestimation was similar between cuffs on the pelvic limb. For DAP, the oscillometer underestimated by constant bias (15 ± 2 mmHg).Conclusions and clinical relevanceCuff S1 on the thoracic limb provided best estimation of MAP.     

Intravenous sufentanil‐midazolam versus sevoflurane anaesthesia in medetomidine pre‐medicated Himalayan rabbits undergoing ovariohysterectomy

ObjectiveTo compare physiological effects of sufentanil-midazolam with sevoflurane for surgical anaesthesia in medetomidine premedicated rabbits.Study designProspective, randomized controlled experimental study.AnimalsEighteen female Himalayan rabbits, weight 2.1 ± 0.1 kg.MethodsPremedication with 0.1 mg kg⁻¹ medetomidine and 5 mg kg⁻¹ carprofen subcutaneously, was followed by intravenous anaesthetic induction with sufentanil (2.3 μg mL⁻¹) and midazolam (0.45 mg mL⁻¹). After endotracheal intubation, anaesthesia was maintained with sufentanil-midazolam (n = 9) or sevoflurane (n = 9). Ovariohysterectomy was performed. Intermittent positive pressure ventilation was performed as required. Physiological variables were studied perioperatively. Group means of physiologic data were generated for different anaesthetic periods. Data were compared for changes from sedation, and between groups by anova. Post-operatively, 0.05 mg kg⁻¹ buprenorphine was administered once and 5 mg kg⁻¹ carprofen once daily for 2–3 days. Rabbits were examined and weighed daily until one week after surgery.ResultsSmooth induction of anaesthesia was achieved within 5 minutes. Sufentanil and midazolam doses were 0.5 μg kg⁻¹ and 0.1 mg kg⁻¹, during induction and 3.9 μg kg⁻¹ hour⁻¹ and 0.8 mg kg⁻¹ hour⁻¹ during surgery, respectively. End-tidal sevoflurane concentration was 2.1% during surgery. Assisted ventilation was required in nine rabbits receiving sufentanil-midazolam and four receiving sevoflurane. There were no differences between groups in physiologic data other than arterial carbon dioxide. In rabbits receiving sevoflurane, mean arterial pressure decreased pre-surgical intervention, heart rate increased 25% during and after surgery and body weight decreased 4% post-operatively. Post-operative problems sometimes resulted from catheterization of the ear artery.ConclusionSevoflurane and sufentanil-midazolam provided surgical anaesthesia of similar quality. Arterial blood pressure was sustained during sufentanil-midazolam anaesthesia and rabbits receiving sevoflurane lost body weight following ovariohysterectomy. Mechanical ventilation was required with both anaesthetic regimens.Clinical relevanceAnaesthesia with sufentanil-midazolam in medetomidine premedicated healthy rabbits is useful in the clinical and the research setting, as an alternative to sevoflurane.     

渝西地区兔球虫病流行情况调查及虫种鉴定

【目的】掌握渝西地区兔球虫病的流行情况和兔球虫种类,为该地区兔球虫病的防治提供依据。 【方法】采用饱和食盐水漂浮法和麦克马斯特氏计数法检测渝西荣昌、永川、大足等 8 个区 14 个兔场共 1 273 份 粪样本,并收集卵囊,鉴定兔球虫种类。【结果】发现 14 个兔场均有感染球虫,平均感染率为 90.65%,璧山 和江津的感染率最高,为 100%,2 月龄以下兔感染率极显著高于 2~4 月龄、4~9 月龄及 9 月龄以上年龄段兔, 感染率为 98.19%。小型养殖场兔球虫感染率极显著低于大型规模化养殖场,感染率为 86.53%。8 个区的克粪便 虫卵数（Oocysts Per Gram,OPG）为 9.65×103 ~6.56×104 ,其中 2~4 月龄 OPG 最高、为 6.31×104 。对药物使 用情况调查显示,未使用球虫药养殖场的感染率为 92.31%,OPG 为 4.42×104 ; 使用球虫药养殖场的感染率为 89.19%,OPG 为 2.75×104 。在 14 个兔场共鉴定了 10 种艾美耳球虫,其中优势虫种为穿孔艾美耳球虫（Eimeria perforans）、大型艾美耳球虫（E. magna）、盲肠艾美耳球虫（E. coecicola）和中型艾美耳球虫（E. media）, 检出率分别为 25.20%、23.38%、11.96%、10.02%。【结论】渝西地区普遍感染兔球虫,且多为混合感染,因此 应加强该地区兔球虫病的防治。     

A Comparison of the Histological Structure of the Placenta in Experimental Animals

The primary function of the placenta is to act as an interface between the dam and fetus. The anatomic structure of the chorioallantoic placenta in eutherian mammals varies between different animal species. The placental types in eutherian mammals are classified from various standpoints based on the gross shape, the histological structure of the materno-fetal interface, the type of materno-fetal interdigitation, etc. Particularly, the histological structure is generally considered one of the most useful and instructive classifications for functionally describing placental type. In this system, three main types are recognized according to the cell layers comprising the interhemal area: (1) epitheliochorial type (horses, pigs and ruminants), (2) endotheliochorial type (carnivores) and (3) hemochorial type (primates, rodents and rabbits). The number of cell layers in the interhemal area is considered to modify the transfer of nutrients between maternal and fetal blood and is one of the important factors with respect to the difference in placental permeability between animal species. Therefore, in reproductive and developmental toxicity studies, careful attention should be paid to the histological structure of the interhemal area when extrapolating information concerning placental transfer characteristics to different animal species.     

Quality aspect of fish sauce prepared from underutilized fatty Japanese anchovy and rabbit fish

ABSTRACT:   To explore the potential utility of underutilized fish in the fish sauce industry, fish sauces were prepared from both raw and heat-induced meat of Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonica and rabbit fish Siganus fuscescens using wheat malt, and their quality aspects and sensory properties were assessed. Proximate composition of the fish meat represents protein as the major component (16.0–17.8%), other than moisture. Analyses of free amino acids, peptides including oligopeptides, and organic acids contents in fish sauces revealed suitability of both raw and heat-induced meat of the selected species in commercial fish sauce production. The variations in taste of raw meat fish sauces were species-specific, but the taste of fish sauces from heat-induced meat were similar.     

不同采毛方式对长毛兔血清蛋白及含氮代谢物水平的影响

文章分析了3种方式（剪毛、直接拔毛和药物拔毛）对皖系长毛兔采毛前、采毛后0、4、8、24、48 h血清蛋白及含氮代谢物变化规律的影响.结果发现：3种采毛方式均显著上调血清总蛋白和肌酐水平,而血清白蛋白仅受药物拔毛影响而显著上调;药物拔毛显著上调血清总胆红素和直接胆红素水平,同时直接胆红素还受其他两种采毛方式影响而显著下调;两种拔毛方式（直接拔毛和药物拔毛）显著上调血清尿素和尿酸水平,但剪毛对这两个指标没有影响.长毛兔在采毛后48 h内,多数血清指标可恢复到采毛前水平,或呈恢复趋势;该研究筛选获得采毛应激指标血清总蛋白和肌酐,拔毛应激指标尿素和尿酸,同时发现肌酐、白蛋白和胆红素受地塞米松的显著影响.该研究结果可为初步揭示不同采毛方式应激生化机制提供参考.     

云南省楚雄州部分地区猪瘟血清学调查

为了解楚雄州部分地区的猪瘟免疫情况,利用酶联免疫法(ELISA)对楚雄市、南华县和禄丰县随机采取的393份血清进行猪瘟抗体检测,并对各县(市)的调查数据加以比较,了解猪瘟在楚雄州部分地区的免疫情况。结果显示,楚雄州部分地区均有较高的猪瘟抗体阳性率,各县(市)的猪瘟抗体阳性率都在80%以上,有的县(市)猪瘟抗体甚至达到了100%。说明楚雄州部分地区的猪瘟免疫效果较好,猪瘟免疫成功。     

饲粮能量水平对42 d繁殖模式下獭兔繁殖性能、体重变化及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在探讨饲粮能量水平对42 d繁殖模式下獭兔繁殖性能、体重变化及血清生化指标的影响.试验选用平均体重为(3.56±0.17) kg的经产獭兔150只,随机分成3组,每组50个重复,每个重复1只.采用42 d繁殖模式,分别饲喂消化能水平为9.2、9.7和10.2 MJ/kg的试验饲粮.试验连续进行3胎.结果表明:1)饲粮能量水平极显著影响母兔泌乳力(P=0.0062)、第1胎产后体重(P=0.002 1)和仔兔断奶窝重(P=0.000 6);显著影响第1胎(P=0.047 5)和第3胎(P=0.030 2)母兔泌乳期第21天体重.2)饲粮能量水平极显著影响血清肌酸激酶(P=0.001 5)活性和甘油三酯(P=0.001 3)含量,显著影响高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(P=0.036 8)、总胆固醇(P=0.047 6)和胰岛素含量(P=0.015 9),对其他血清生化指标无显著影响(P＞0.05).由此可见,42 d繁殖模式下獭兔适宜饲粮消化能水平为10.2 MJ/kg.     

兔肺炎双球菌病的病原分离鉴定及治疗

2013年山东滨州市某兔场发生仔兔高病死率、母兔流产的疾病。为了诊断治疗该病,本试验采集病死兔肺脏进行病原的分离,通过病原分离、形态学观察、生理生化试验、溶血试验、药敏试验等试验,证实分离菌为肺炎双球菌。该菌具有α-溶血性,对青霉素、头孢吡肟、阿米卡星等药物敏感;动物回归试验成功复制出兔肺炎双球菌病,症状典型,病理剖检变化明显。根据临床症状和药敏试验结果,用青霉素等药物进行治疗,病情得到有效控制。