乳中掺尿素快速检测方法影响因素的探索

[目的]部分不法奶商在原料乳中加水后同时加尿素来提高蛋白质含量及增加密度,快速检测乳中掺尿素,找出并拒收这部分掺假异常乳.[方法]对年乳掺尿素的检测方法(格里斯法)所用的试剂浓度、用量、搭配比例进行筛选,对掺不同浓度尿素的牛乳采用试管法进行检测比较.[结果]用1;亚硝酸钠溶液0.4mL的剂量,格里斯试剂用量为0.2 g,浓硫酸用量为1 mL,对掺尿素乳检测的结果比较明显,尿素最低检出量为0.04;,能方便、快速的检测出牛乳掺尿素.[结论]该法用于牛乳掺尿素的检测,操作简单,检测快速,灵敏度较高,检测成本低,适用于各奶站及牛乳检测机构的快速检验.     

基于NSGA-Ⅱ农业多水源复合系统多目标配置模型应用

基于多目标非支配排序遗传算法原理,建立佳木斯地区农业多水源灌溉系统多目标供水优化配置模型。运用非支配排序遗传算法求解,结果表明,模型可达到经济目标较大时环境目标较小效果。选取三个方案权衡分析经济和环境目标,高来水情景中方案一经济目标是88.88×10~8元,环境目标588.12×10~4kg,方案二分别是88.00×10~8元,580.55×10~4kg,方案三分别是85.56×10~8元,574.50×10~4kg。在三个不同最优解中,决策者可根据偏好或实际情况选择决策方案,为当地农业水资源规划提供依据。     

奶牛乳房炎大肠杆菌刃天青微量板快速诊断及药敏试验

为了建立奶牛乳房炎大肠杆菌快速诊断与药敏试验方法,用刃天青钠取代大肠杆菌选择培养基MQQ中的酚红指示剂,通过对刃天青的工作浓度、大肠杆菌接种量和培养时间等参数的研究,建立了奶牛乳房炎大肠杆菌刃天青微量板快速诊断方法.将不同细菌及其感染模拟奶样进行刃天青微量板快速培养结果显示,此刃天青微量板对大肠杆菌具有很强的选择培养特性,能在10 h内获得明确诊断结果,并能反映奶牛乳腺大肠杆菌感染强度.对89份临床奶样进行大肠杆菌刃天青微量板快速诊断敏感性和特异性检测,结果显示,此刃天青微量板法诊断大肠杆菌阳性奶样敏感性高达100%,诊断大肠杆菌阴性奶样特异性高达94.9%,总符合率高达95.5%.在此基础上用矫正浓度10种抗生素包被微量板,分别用10株大肠杆菌纯培养菌株及其感染模拟奶样和10份大肠杆菌阳性奶样进行快速药敏试验,所获结果与标准纸片扩散法完全一致.这些研究结果表明,本研究建立的刃天青微量板法可以取代常规方法用于奶样大肠杆菌的快速诊断及药敏试验.     

基于条件植被温度指数的冬小麦主要生育时期干旱监测效果评价——I.因子权重排序法和熵值法组合赋权

选取关中平原冬小麦越冬后2002—2009年每年3—5月共9旬的条件植被温度指数（VTCI）遥感干旱监测结果,将冬小麦越冬后分为四个主要生育时期,分别运用因子权重排序法、熵值法及组合赋权法确定各生育时期干旱对产量的影 响权重,计算关中平原各市冬小麦每年的加权VTCI,并建立加权VTCI与冬小麦单产间的一元线性回归模型。结果表明,关中平原大部分地区的加权VTCI与小麦单产密切相关。其中,熵值法确定的加权VTCI与小麦单产的线性相关性不显著,渭南、咸阳及铜川的决定系数R²值均低于0.5;因子权重排序法和组合赋权法确定的加权VTCI与小麦单产的线性相关性显著,咸阳、宝鸡及西安的R²值接近或高于0.6,渭南接近 0.5,铜川较差。且组合赋权法的结果中宝鸡和西安的R²值接近0.7,优于因子权重排序法和熵值法的结果。     

Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging: a new method for rapid detection of herbicide resistance in Alopecurus myosuroides

Due to the steadily increasing number of putative herbicide‐resistant weed populations, the demand for rapid in‐season tests is rising. In this study, we introduce a new quantitative herbicide‐resistance test system based on chlorophyll fluorescence imaging analysis of photosynthesis‐related parameters. Susceptible and herbicide‐resistant populations of Alopecurus myosuroides (black‐grass) were cultivated in multiwell tissue culture plates containing nutrient agar and different dosages of fenoxaprop‐P‐ethyl and mesosulfuron+iodosulfuron. The maximum quantum efficiency of the PSII was measured 3 h after transplanting (HAT) and then for seven days every 24 h. Data of maximum quantum efficiency of the PSII were compared with standard whole‐plant pot tests and molecular tests for target‐site mutations. It was possible to fit dose‐response curves and calculate corresponding resistance factors for ED90 for all populations tested using the chlorophyll fluorescence imaging. It was possible to distinguish between resistant and susceptible populations. The results of the chlorophyll fluorescence imaging corresponded well with the standard whole‐plant pot tests in the glasshouse. However, populations with proved target‐site mutations did not differ from other herbicide‐resistant populations in the maximum quantum efficiency values of the PSII. We conclude that the chlorophyll fluorescence imaging provides reliable data on herbicide resistance for both modes of action tested in a shorter time and using less space, compared with standard whole‐plant pot tests in the glasshouse.     

油茶果脱壳清选机的研制与试验

为了找到一种油茶果脱壳及壳、籽分离的最佳方法,该文研究了油茶果的生物特性,并据此特性采用撞击、挤压和揉搓原理研发了油茶果脱壳清选机。该机采用呈一定扭角和锥角、回转半径不同的脱壳杆,在滚筒里形成一锲形脱壳室进行脱壳,适应大小不同的油茶果。利用果壳和茶籽粒的外形差异,设计了一组弧形齿光辊对辊清选机构,并进行了脱壳清选试验。试验结果表明,对于含水率较高、未开裂及开裂的油茶果,在脱壳杆转速350～400r/min,脱壳杆锥角3°,齿光辊间隙1.0～1.5mm,筛孔直径24mm的工艺条件下,处理量达1000kg/h,脱净率≥99%、清选率≥95%,碎籽率≤3%、损耗率≤2%。试验表明整机构思巧妙、工作稳定可靠,可以投入生产应用。     

Estimating potato crisp colour variability using image analysis and a quick visual method

Summary Image analysis gave better precision than colorimetry in measuring the darkening caused by excess free sugar during crisping of potatoes. The image analyser was used to measure individual crisp Average Optical Density (AOD) values in order to examine the variability of AOD within and between tubers. It is unnecessary to measure more than one crisp per tuber when assessing breeding lines, although two crisps per tuber are recommended for quality control. Crisps from at least ten tubers should be measured. A ‘Quick Crisp’ method, in which single crisps from each of four tubers are judged against standard samples, is reported. Regression of results from this method on crisp reflectance percentage (Agtron score) gaveR ² of 0.967. However, the observer tended to overestimate at low values and underestimate at high values. Over several trials, the crossover point varied from 15 to 50 Agtron score units. Measurement of crisp colour variability for improving selection, management and purchasing decisions is discussed.     

小鼠胚胎直接投入液氮冷冻保存试验

室温下,将292枚小鼠胚胎在含128.9g/L甘油PBSS(含20％犊牛血清的磷酸盐缓冲液)和含193.2g/L甘油+85.6g/L蔗糖PBSS内分别孵育片刻,装管后直接投入液氮冷冻保存。冻胚快速解冻后,用含342.3g/L蔗糖PBSS脱去甘油,用PBSS清洗后镜下观察评定,胚胎回收率为86.9％(254/292),胚胎形态正常率为77.1％(196/254)。其中部分桑椹胚经体外培养,囊胚发育率为71.4％(20/28)。将110枚冻胚移植给7只受体,3只妊娠,产仔12只(5,7),妊娠率为43％(3/7),产仔率为10.9％(12/110),其中囊胚移植1只受体妊娠产仔3只,产仔率为25％(3/12)。     

落叶松速生丰产林幼林抚育实验研究初报

在落叶松幼林抚育试验的基础上，从不同抚育措施和不同抚育年限两个方面研究对幼林成活率（或保存率）及树高、地径生长的影响，结果表明：落叶松幼林抚育方式以采取2，2，1次连续3年的抚育为好。     

不同植物组织RNA提取方法的比较分析

不同的植物组织都有较优化RNA提取方法。本文针对蜡质的红掌叶片、含糖较多的百合花瓣、含色素较多的万寿菊花瓣,使用改良CTAB法、Trizol法、快速RNA提取试剂盒法提取RNA,比较提取效果,以确定适合几种植物组织的最优RNA提取方法。结果表明:改良CTAB法提取的红掌叶片总RNA,Trizol法提取的百合花瓣总RNA和万寿菊总RNA,28SRNA和18SRNA条带都较清晰,且28SRNA亮度较18SRNA明亮,效果较好,部分RNA提取试验中5SRNA也较明亮,说明提取的总RNA有部分降解,但总RNA质量符合后续试验要求。RT-PCR检验符合上述结论。