Effects of crop rotation of soybean with corn on severity of sudden death syndrome and population densities of Heterodera glycines in naturally infested soil

Sudden death syndrome, caused by Fusarium virguliforme, and the soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, combined cause the highest yield losses in soybean. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of corn rotated annually with soybean on reducing severity of sudden death syndrome (SDS) and if such crop rotation is beneficial to soybean root health and thus improves disease management strategies. Experiments were conducted from 2003 to 2006 through two cycles of a corn–soybean rotation on two commercial fields in Indiana. With one exception, the rotation of soybean with corn did not provide yield benefits compared to monoculture of soybean. Severity of foliar and root symptoms of SDS in rotation plots were never less than in soybean monoculture plots. At one location, soybean monoculture resulted in suppression of SDS compared to the corn–soybean rotation, while H. glycines reproduced freely. At the other location, monoculture of soybean resulted in suppressiveness against H. glycines, while SDS was limited in all treatments. The data suggest that soil suppressiveness can independently impact the pathogens that are important in SDS development. Because H. glycines can increase SDS symptoms, its suppression may also reduce severity of SDS. Current production systems consisting of yearly rotation of soybean with corn are highly vulnerable to the development of severe soil-borne disease complexes. The simple year-to-year rotation of corn and soybean is not considered sustainable. While monoculture of soybean resulted in some disease suppression in these trials, reliance on monoculture may be detrimental due to other environmental considerations beyond the scope of these trials. Including other crops may be beneficial in improving the sustainability of soybean and corn production systems.     

烟草曲茎病毒/DNAβ病害复合体研究进展

烟草曲茎病毒(Tobacco curly shoot virus, TbCSV)是从云南烟草上分离的双生病毒科Geminiviridae菜豆金色花叶病毒属Begomovirus的一个新种,在番茄和烟草上可引起严重的曲叶病。该病毒与伴随卫星DNAβ形成的病害复合体在病毒致病性、DNAβ与辅助病毒的伴随关系及调控症状的作用等方面均与其它双生病毒病害复合体不同,对其进化起源的研究表明,TbCSV在进化中介于需要卫星的双生病毒和真正的单组分双生病毒之间,因而针对TbCSV病害复合体的研究对于解读双生病毒的起源和遗传进化机制具有重要意义。作者从TbCSV病害复合体的发生危害、基因组结构、伴随小分子DNA、各DNA组分互作以及起源进化等方面综述了该病毒病害复合体的研究进展。     

VCG and AFLP analyses identify the same groups in the causal agents of mango malformation in Brazil

The causal agents of mango malformation disease in Brazil are a new Fusarium lineage in the Gibberella fujikuroi species complex and Fusarium sterilihyphosum; however information on the genetic and geographical diversity of these pathogens in Brazil is missing. Vegetative compatibility group (VCG) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analyses were used to measure the genetic diversity within these populations. Both techniques identified the same genetic groups. Six VCG and AFLP groups were identified amongst isolates of the new lineage from Brazil. FB-VCG 1/AFLP I was the most widespread group, found in seven of the 13 sites sampled. The second most frequent group was recovered from three sites. The remaining four groups were recovered from single-sites. We think that this lineage represents a genetically and geographically diverse indigenous population that reproduces clonally. In F. sterilihyphosum, group FS-VCG 1/AFLP VII was found at three sites in the southeast region of Brazil. FS-VCG 2/AFLP VIII contained isolates from South Africa but not from Brazil. Fusarium mangiferae isolates from India and South Africa formed one group, while isolates from Egypt and the USA formed a second group. F. sterilihyphosum at present is represented by a small population that might have been introduced only once into a restricted area. The clonal nature of the observed populations suggests that these fungi either occur naturally on indigenous hosts and have jumped to the introduced mango host (introduced in Brazil) or that they originated with mango and went through a severe population bottleneck when they were introduced to Brazil from India or Southeast Asia.     

图书馆传统文献与网络信息复合经营系统有机化配置探究

运用复合经营系统的基本原理对图书馆复合经营系统有机化配置内容、配置原则、配置方法、配置效果的检验标准进行了理论探讨和阐述。     

植物干旱胁迫下的调控代谢网络研究进展

干旱是影响植物生长发育最主要的逆境因子.干旱胁迫下,植物体内的内源激素发生变化,其中ABA在植物抵御干旱胁迫反应中起着重要的调节功能.系统阐述了ABA在干旱胁迫下的最新研究现状和几类干旱胁迫下的代谢产物及其相关基因的研究进展.     

牛蒡寡糖-钕配合物对西瓜枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum)的影响

[目的]确定牛蒡寡糖－钕配合物对病原菌的最佳作用浓度。[方法] 采用平板培养和液体培养法,研究了不同浓度牛蒡寡糖－钕配合物对尖镰孢菌菌落直径、果胶酶活性、菌丝生长量和菌丝细胞膜透性的影响。[结果] 在平板培养试验中,2～180 mg/L的牛蒡寡糖－钕配合物促进菌落扩展,但菌丝稀疏,200～400 mg/L 的牛蒡寡糖－钕配合物抑制菌落扩展,菌丝稀而薄。在液体培养试验中,2～400 mg/L的牛蒡寡糖－钕配合物抑制菌丝生长,抑制率为4.3%～64.4%,随着牛蒡寡糖－钕配合物浓度的升高,其抑制作用加强;2～400 mg/L 的牛蒡寡糖－钕配合物降低了果胶酶活性;当测定时间为15、30、60、90、120和180 min 时,2～400 mg/L的牛蒡寡糖－钕配合物增加了菌丝细胞膜透性。[结论] 该研究为牛蒡寡糖-钕配合物在植物上的合理应用提供了理论依据。     

基于采样密度不同土壤的水分特征参数的预测及误差分析

目前土壤水分特征曲线（h-θ曲线）的研究普遍采用vanGenuchten模型（简称VG模型）。利用不同取样精度的土壤,将土壤质地（砂土、粘粒、粉粒含量）和容重作为输入值,探讨了使用基于土壤转换函数的BP神经网络模型来预测0～20cm表层土壤水分特征曲线参数,用甘肃称钩河流域小流域的土样进行了预测和误差分析。结果表明,使用线性回归能够减小预测误差与实测值差距;BP神经网络预测饱和体积含水量的准确性比预测剩余体积含水量和田间持水量要高。为了进一步提高预测精度,还应尽可能地包括土壤结构、有机质含量等信息。     

贵妃鸡MHC-B区域微卫星位点LEI0258遗传多样性研究

为研究贵妃鸡的遗传多样性,试验应用主要组织相容性复合体B区域（MHC-B）复合微卫星位点LEI0258测定了贵妃鸡的等位基因信息,结合已发表的序列,进行等位基因与核苷酸多态性、单倍型中介网络图分析。40份样品中共检测到9个等位基因,长度为193~297 bp,其中5个为贵妃鸡特有。观察杂合度（Ho）、期望杂合度（He）和多态信息含量（PIC）分别为0.625、0.716和0.666。3个等位基因与6种已知MHC血清型相匹配。基于侧翼区变异信息的中介网络图将等位基因分为5个进化枝,贵妃鸡9个等位基因分布于A和B进化枝中,这2个进化枝同样存在于红原鸡中。研究结果表明贵妃鸡保持着中等偏上的遗传多样性水平,可能起源于红原鸡。     

猪瘟疫苗毒株和流行毒株RT-nPCR检测方法的建立

为给临床快速鉴别诊断猪瘟提供技术依据,根据GenBank公布的CSFV全基因序列,结合猪瘟序列测定结果,针对NS5B基因区域设计2条通用外扩引物、2条通用内扩引物和1条疫苗毒株特异性内扩引物,建立一种可鉴别猪瘟疫苗毒株和流行毒株的RT-nPCR诊断方法。结果显示,该方法可从HCLV株扩增出2条大小分别为261bp和157bp的片段,可从Shimen、SXYL2006、GX54和SD2002等流行毒株扩增出1条261bp的片段,其他几种常见猪病毒检测均呈阴性;灵敏度试验表明,检测的cDNA质量浓度极限为3.4×10-7 pg/L;116份临床样品中有37份样品检测呈阳性,阳性率为32%;分析部分阳性病料E2基因序列也证实检测结果的准确性。说明:建立的RT-nPCR鉴别诊断方法灵敏度高、特异性好,能直观区分猪瘟疫苗毒株和流行毒株。     

内蒙古草盲蝽复合组昆虫群落结构及区系

为摸清草盲蝽复合组昆虫在内蒙古地区的群落结构组成和地理分布特点,于2006—2012年,采用网捕法对内蒙古草盲蝽复合组昆虫进行野外调查,根据已有标本并结合相关资料对内蒙古草盲蝽复合组昆虫进行了较系统的研究。结果表明,内蒙古草盲蝽复合组昆虫已定名标本5属21种,其中草盲蝽属、后丽盲蝽属为优势类群。内蒙古草盲蝽复合组昆虫在世界动物地理区划组成上以古北界分布占优势(52.38%),古北界+东洋界跨区分布的次之(28.58%)。内蒙古草盲蝽复合组昆虫在中国动物地理区划组成上以蒙新区种类为主体(23.82%),且蒙新区、华北区和东北区的草盲蝽复合组昆虫亲缘关系较为密切。在内蒙古植被带中,草盲蝽复合组分布于典型草原带的物种最多,有19种,占总种数的90.48%,其中,仅分布在草原带的物种有9种,占物种总数的42.86%,由此可看出,草盲蝽复合组昆虫是对草原生境较为适应的类群。