Insecticidal spider venom toxin fused to snowdrop lectin is toxic to the peach-potato aphid, Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and the rice brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)

The SFI1/GNA fusion protein, comprising of snowdrop lectin (Galanthus nivalis agglutinin, GNA) fused to an insecticidal spider venom neurotoxin (Segestria florentina toxin 1, SFI1) was tested for toxicity against the rice brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) and the peach‐potato aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) by incorporation into artificial diets. Significant effects on the mortality of N. lugens were observed, with 100% of the insects fed on the SFI1/GNA fusion protein diet dead by day 7. The survival of the aphid M. persicae was also reduced when fed on the SFI1/GNA fusion protein. After 14 days, only 49% of the aphids that were fed on the fusion protein were still alive compared with approximately 90% of the aphids fed on the control diet or on diet containing GNA only. The SFI1/GNA fusion protein also slowed the development of M. persicae, and the reproductive capacity of the aphids fed on the SFI1/GNA fusion protein was severely reduced. The ability of GNA to act as a carrier protein, and deliver the SFI1 neurotoxin to the haemolymph of N. lugens, following oral ingestion, was investigated. The successful delivery of intact SFI1/GNA fusion protein to the haemolymph of these insects was shown by western blotting. Haemolymph taken from the insects that were fed on the fusion protein contained two GNA‐immunoreactive proteins of molecular weights corresponding to GNA and to the SFI1/GNA fusion protein. © 2005 British Crown Copyright. Published for SCI by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

猪附红细胞体电镜特点及药物治疗效果的电镜观察

近年来,国内外很多关于猪附红细胞体病诊断与防治的文章,但对猪附红细胞体本身形态学报道的文章却很少.本实验对猪附镜下的各形态、大小以及感染强度作了较详细的描述.球形、环形、圆盘形为E.suis的主要形态,体形较大的E.suis以芽苞生殖进行繁殖,感染强度随着病情的发展而呈现波浪形态变化.对致病机制作了进一步的阐述,在急性阶段,附红细胞体病会引起由一种经冷凝素IgM来介导的或与之相关的自身免疫溶血性贫血.最终结合电镜观察临床药物治疗效果,长效土霉素、贝尼尔在防治猪附红体病有一定的疗效.     

大豆凝集素与大鼠和小鼠小肠黏膜上皮细胞结合规律的研究

试验分别选择怀孕的6只SD大鼠和ICR小鼠,单笼饲养。仔鼠于分娩后19日龄断奶,在仔鼠第1、7、14、21、28日龄和第35日龄时分别从6窝仔鼠中每窝随机取1只,每个日龄6只,屠宰后取十二指肠、空肠和回肠制作石蜡切片,免疫组化染色后用图像分析仪检测其阳性染色物的光密度值。结果表明:大鼠和小鼠呈现相似的结合规律,大豆凝集素在十二指肠、空肠和回肠的结合没有显著差异,但不同日龄之间大豆凝集素的结合程度差异极显著(P<0.01)。在大鼠和小鼠出生时结合程度很低,然后逐渐增加,28日龄时达到最高。     

中国对虾血淋巴凝集素的血凝活性与促噬活性

1999年8月，运用血凝活性测定法分别检测中国对虾血淋巴弹簧集素，血淋巴液、血细胞、肌肉、肠、肝胰腺和甲壳的血凝活力，并运用吖啶橙血细胞吞噬测定法检测血细胞的吞噬活力，同时测定了经注射中国对虾副粘病毒提纯液后血淋巴凝集素血凝活力及血淋巴液抗菌活力、酚氧化酶活力、溶菌活力，结果表明，血淋巴凝集素主要分布在血淋巴液和血细胞中；该凝集素对人（A、B、O型），鸡和兔红细胞及其醛化红细胞的凝集具有一定专一性；对血细胞吞噬异物具有促进功能；注射副粘病毒提纯液后，血淋巴凝集素凝集活力变化和血淋巴液抗菌活力，酚氧化酶活力、溶菌活力变化相一致。     

中华绒螯蟹血清凝集素的生物学特性

将中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)血清凝集素与动物(鳖、鲫鱼、鸡、鸽、兔、鼠、人A、B、O型)红细胞和细菌(八叠球菌、嗜水气单胞菌、短小芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌、葡萄球菌、假单胞菌和拟态弧菌)进行凝集反应。结果表明,中华绒螯蟹血清凝集素有明显的选择性,与小白鼠红细胞和八叠球菌的凝集活性最高(P<0.01)。血清凝集价在蟹个体之间变化范围较大,性别之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。10 mmol/L的CaCl2和300 mmol/L的NaCl不影响凝集素与小鼠红细胞和细菌的凝集活性,600 mmol/L的NaCl可降低其活性。pH 5~9不影响蟹凝集素活性,但400 mmol/L的EDTA在pH 7.0可部分抑制其活性,100 mmol/L的EDTA在pH 5.0则可完全抑制其活性。在细菌刺激下,中华绒螯蟹血清凝集素活性在2 d达到峰值,随后逐步缓慢下降。接种细菌(八叠球菌)的数量(3.0×109~9.0×109)显著影响血清凝集素的产生(P<0.05),而环境水温度(18~30℃)和蟹体质量(35~80 g)的影响则不显著(P>0.05)。     

凝集素亲和层析技术分离金花茶多糖的研究

以蓖麻凝集素（RCA）为亲和配体制备亲和层析树脂,在比较2种固定载体制备亲和树脂对金花茶多糖分离效果的基础上,探讨了多糖上样量、NaCl浓度以及洗涤量对RCA-Sepharose-2B亲和树脂结合率或再生效果的影响,并采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）对亲和多糖进行分离效果分析,为将亲和层析技术应用于金花茶活性多糖的分离纯化提供科学依据。研究结果显示,相比AF-Amino-650 m树脂,RCA-Sepharose 2B亲和树脂的分离效果比较好,而且可以进行反复使用多次。多糖上样量显著影响多糖与树脂的亲和效果,多糖结合率随上样量增加呈倒U型变化,当多糖上样量为10.4 mg/g亲和层析树脂时,其亲合率最高,达到57%左右;NaCl浓度对树脂的再生效果也有显著影响,用含0.2 mol/L NaCl的磷酸缓冲液洗涤树脂可以有效恢复树脂对多糖的亲和效果。HPLC分析结果显示分离获得的亲和活性多糖是由3种不同分子量的多糖组分组成。     

水稻种胚凝集素与品种对稻瘟病抗性关系的研究

比较具不同抗稻瘟病性的３０个水稻品种的稻胚凝集素（ＲＧＬ）粗提液的血凝效价，发现水稻品种的抗稻瘟病性与其ＲＧＬ血凝效价没有显著的相关性。稻瘟病菌不同生理小种ＺＥ＿３、ＺＦ＿１和ＺＧ＿１的菌丝对具不同抗稻瘟病性的２９个水稻品种ＲＧＬ均能吸附结合，这种结合不表现品种特异性。水稻品种２６２ＲＧＬ与对该品种有不同致病力的稻瘟病菌生理小种ＺＡ＿６３、ＺＢ＿（３１）、ＺＣ＿（１５）、ＺＤ＿３、ＺＥ＿３、ＺＦ＿１和ＺＧ＿１的菌丝均可吸附结合，不表现生理小种特异性。研究表明品种２６２ＲＧＬ与稻瘟病菌菌丝接触或结合后，并不影响其菌丝伸长。ＲＧＬ能抑制具不同致病力的稻瘟病菌各生理小种的分生孢子发芽，但是对致病力强的生理小种的分生孢子发芽抑制作用很小。ＲＧＬ对分生孢子中部细胞的发芽抑制作用最强。不同品种ＲＧＬ对某些生理小种分生孢子发芽的抑制作用有显著或极显著差异     

三种亲和层析体系纯化大豆凝集素的比较研究

用N-乙酰基-D-半乳糖胺-epoxy-Sepharose 6B、半乳糖胺-CH-Sepharose 4B和瓜尔胶三种亲和层析体系对大豆中的凝集素进行分离提纯,并进行了多方面的比较.结果显示:三种亲和层析体系纯化大豆凝集素的产率存在显著差异,依次分别为147±15、110±12和128±16mg/100g生大豆;三种亲和胶的亲和饱和度差异显著,分别为12.2±1.4、7.5±1.3和2.1±1.6 mg/mL凝胶.这一结果表明大豆凝集素最理想的纯化方法是N-乙酰基-D-半乳糖胺-expoxy-sepharose 6B亲和层析体系.     

Health effects of wheat lectins: A review

Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins present in most plants. They play a role in protecting plants against external pathogens, like fungi, and other organisms. Some common dietary staples, such as cereal grains and legumes, have relatively high concentrations of a variety of lectins. A part of the proteins present in wheat germ is characterized as wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), in this respect. Authors of popular nutritional plans propose adverse health effects of this wheat lectin. With the use of different arguments, the consumption of foods high in lectins is discouraged. In this context, we discuss the effects of lectins from wheat on human health. Up-to-date research findings on mechanisms that wheat lectins have effects on health factors, such as obesity, autoimmune disease, and celiac disease, are critically reviewed. We conclude that there are many unsubstantiated assumptions made. Current data about health effects of dietary lectins, as consumed in cooked, baked, or extruded foods do not support negative health effects in humans. In contrast, consumption of WGA containing foods, such as cereals and whole grain products, has been shown to be associated with significantly reduced risks of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, some types of cancer, as well as a more favourable long-term weight management. Research is recommended to define actual active lectin contents in wheat-based foods after heat preparation for human consumption.