球毛壳菌生物菌肥对草莓生长和品质的影响

【目的】研究球毛壳菌生物菌肥不同用量对草莓植株生长、果实产量和品质的影响,为球毛壳菌生物菌肥在生产上的应用提供参考。【方法】在温室大棚中开展试验,按不同球毛壳菌生物菌肥施肥量（0.5、1.0、2.0g/株）设3个处理,不施肥为对照处理,检测内生真菌球毛壳菌ND35在草莓上的定殖率;分析不同菌肥用量对草莓生物量和生理指标及果实产量和品质的影响。【结果】球毛壳菌ND35可以在草莓植株内定殖,其定殖率与菌肥用量正相关。不同处理的球毛壳菌生物菌肥对草莓植株生长、果实产量和品质具有显著影响,施用0.5g/株和1.0g/株的菌肥用量有利于草莓的生长和发育。【结论】0.5~1.0g/株用量的球毛壳菌生物菌肥可提高草莓产量和改善其品质,球毛壳菌生物菌肥可应用于草莓田间大规模生产中。     

益生素雏鸡新城疫疫苗免疫后局部黏膜组织T淋巴细胞数量变化

100只艾维因雏鸡随机分成益生素组、新城疫(ND)疫苗免疫组、益生素ND疫苗组和对照组,采用组织石蜡切片及酸性a-醋酸萘酯酶(acid nonspecifica-naphthyl acetate esterase,ANAE)染色法分别测定ND疫苗首次免疫后第0、7、14、28天和第42天各组雏鸡盲肠扁桃体、哈德尔氏腺、十二指肠和回肠派伊尔结T淋巴细胞数量的动态变化,结果发现:益生素ND疫苗免疫雏鸡,ND疫苗单独免疫雏鸡上述免疫组织T淋巴细胞数量于ND疫苗免疫后14d明显高于未免疫的对照雏鸡和益生素雏鸡;益生素ND疫苗免疫雏鸡又不同程度高于ND疫苗单独免疫雏鸡;益生素单独应用雏鸡上述被检指标高于对照雏鸡.表明益生素可增强雏鸡消化道和呼吸道局部黏膜组织的细胞免疫及对ND疫苗的免疫应答.     

黄芪多糖对接种NDⅣ雏鸡红细胞免疫功能的影响

以50日龄内健康海兰白雏鸡为研究对象,将黄芪多糖（APS）按0 mg/只、5 mg/只和10 mg/只经滴鼻点眼、肌肉注射等方式分别与鸡NDⅣ系疫苗同时免疫接种适龄雏鸡。结果表明,雏鸡C3b受体花环率（E-C3bRR）和红细胞C3b受体花环促进率（ERER）显著升高,红细胞免疫复合物花环率（E-ICRR）和红细胞C3b受体花环抑制率（ERIR）则降低,即APS可显著提高雏鸡的红细胞免疫功能,且APS 10 mg/只组效果优于5 mg/只组;对NDⅣ系苗免疫雏鸡来说,以APS 10 mg/只肌肉注射,NDⅣ滴鼻点眼对红细胞免疫功能的增强作用最显著。     

VA5免疫增强剂对鸽新城疫病毒灭活疫苗的增效作用研究

试验旨在探究VA5免疫增强剂对鸽新城疫病毒（NDV）灭活疫苗（ND4416株）的免疫增效作用。选取160只健康鸽随机分为4组：ND4416株灭活疫苗组（NDV组）、ND4416株灭活疫苗与免疫增强剂（VA5）混合组（NDV+VA5组）、La Sota灭活疫苗组（La Sota组）及生理盐水空白对照组（C组）,进行免疫效力及免疫持续期试验。采用血凝抑制试验检测各组鸽免疫后不同时间点的血清抗体效价,结果显示,VA5免疫增强剂能够显著提高鸽NDV灭活疫苗血清抗体水平（P<0.05）。脾脏淋巴细胞转化试验结果显示,VA5能够有效刺激免疫鸽的淋巴细胞转化。在免疫后第30、90、180天,各组鸽子采用ND4416株进行攻毒试验,结果显示,NDV+VA5组在3个时间点的攻毒保护率均为100%,均高于La Sota组。免疫持续期试验结果显示,NDV+VA5组血清抗体水平在免疫后第21天达峰值11.20log₂,第180天仍能达到7.50log₂,攻毒保护率达100%,表明VA5免疫增强剂可延长鸽新城疫疫苗的免疫效力持续期至180 d。攻毒后体外排毒检测结果表明,VA5免疫增强剂能够缩短攻毒后鸽的体外排毒周期,减少体外排毒。综上,VA5免疫增强剂能够显著提高鸽NDV灭活疫苗的免疫效果,为研制效果更好的鸽NDV疫苗提供了基础依据,同时也为免疫增强剂的应用增加了试验数据。     

不同条件对ND、EDS—76病毒血凝性影响的观察

分别观察了不同稀释液、不同感作温度、不同红细胞浓度及不同感作时间对ND、EDS－76病毒HA效价、血凝特性及血凝解脱现象的影响。结果表明，在进行HA试验时，以PH7．2的PBS液为稀释液、0．5％鸡红细胞为指示系统、在37℃下感作20min或室温下感作30min为最适试验条件。各样品在0．5％红细胞下测得的HA效价比0．8％红细胞时平均高0．25－0．5个滴度，其它情况下测得的HA效价基本相同，但红细胞的凝集状态及观察结果的时间有所不同。其中，感作温度越高（37℃），出现结果越早，且凝集现象越明显，但解脱作用发生得也越快。ND病毒所引起的血凝现象仅可持续2h左右，而EDS－76病毒引起的血凝现象可持续至24h不发生解脱，这一特性可作为鉴别2种病毒的1个指标。     

抗鸡新城疫和传染性法氏囊病二联卵黄抗体的研制及应用

用新城疫疫苗和传染性法氏囊病疫苗免疫健康高产蛋鸡制备抗鸡新城疫和传染性法氏囊病二联卵黄抗体,并在40个规模化肉鸡场做推广应用,结果表明,预防保护率达100%,治愈率为63%~85%。     

绿头鸭线粒体ND2基因全序列测定及其研究(英文)

[Objective] The study was to analyze the phylogenesis of Anas platyrhynchos. [Method] Complete sequence of mitochondrial ND2 gene of 4 Anas platyrhynchos was determined by direct DNA sequencing based on PCR products. Combined with ND2 gene sequences of the Anas Linnaeus accessed in GenBank, phylogenetic tree was constructed by Neighbor-joining and maximum parsimony methods. [Result] The ND2 gene sequences of 4 Anas platyrhynchos were identical(1 041 bp in length; the nucleotide contents of A, G, T, and C were 28.91%, 13.35%, 20.75% and 36.98% respectively; A+T content approximated to that of C+G). Sequences of ND2 gene of mallard were same as spotbill duck, and had high homology with others. The phylogenetic trees indicated mallard and spotbilled duck were close in genetic relationship, both shared a haplotype; then Philippine duck, green-winged teal and northern pintail fell into branch 'A". [Conclusion] The domestic duck may be domesticated from mallard and spotbilled duck.     

感染鸡贫血病毒雏鸡ND免疫后血清Igs和HI抗体的动态变化

本试验对１日龄感染鸡传染性贫血病毒（ＣＩＡＶ）雏鸡接种新城疫（ＮＤ）疫苗及其强毒攻击后外周血液免疫球蛋白ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＭ、ＩｇＡ含量和ＨＩ抗体滴度的动态变化进行研究。结果发现，ＣＩＡＶ感染雏鸡ＮＤ疫苗免疫后，其外周血液ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＭ、ＩｇＡ含量和ＨＩ抗体滴度，于接种ＮＤ疫苗后７￣２８ｄ较未感染ＣＩＡＶ的免疫对照雏鸡明显减少，表明ＣＩＡＶ感染雏鸡对ＮＤ疫苗免疫的体液免疫应答功能明显降低。ＮＤ强毒攻击后     

Associations Between Oil and Gas Wells and Arthropod and Vegetation Communities in the Southern Plains

Understanding how energy infrastructure affects local biodiversity and soil characteristics is important for informing restoration and management. However, the rapid rate of modern oil and gas development is beyond the limit of current knowledge and mitigation strategies. In a mixed-grass prairie in western Oklahoma, we assessed the presence and directionality of biodiversity and environmental gradients associated with energy development in an observational framework. Specifically, we sampled arthropods, vegetation, soil temperature, and soil moisture on the edge of active oil well pads and at 1 m, 10 m, and 100 m away from the well pad. Though variable, the abundance and biomass of most arthropod orders was lower on the pad and 1 m away compared with 10 m and 100 m away, suggesting that the pad itself negatively influenced arthropods but that these effects were limited in spatial extent. However, vegetation structure and composition varied more extensively. Vegetation height, shrub cover, and warm season grass cover increased sixfold, threefold, and fourfold, respectively, from on the oil pad to 100 m away. Forb cover was 5 × higher at 10 m from the well pad than on the pad, 1 m away, and 100 m away from the pad. Soil surface temperature was lower at sites farther from well pads, but we found no relationship between soil moisture and distance from well pad. Well pad effects on arthropods and soil temperature appear to be limited to the pad itself, though long-term changes in vegetation structure extend significantly beyond the well footprint and demand a better understanding of the effectiveness of restoration activities around well pads.     

鸡新城疫-传染性支气管炎-传染性法氏囊病三联灭活疫苗对不同日龄雏鸡的免疫效力研究

为评估鸡新城疫(ND)-传染性支气管炎(IB)-传染性法氏囊病(IBD)三联灭活疫苗对不同日龄和不同水平母源抗体雏鸡的免疫效力和持续期,本试验用该疫苗免疫7、14、21日龄SPF雏鸡和有母源抗体的普通雏鸡,免疫后采血测定ND血凝抑制抗体(HI Ab)、IB血凝抑制抗体(HI Ab)及IBD中和抗体(NA),并用传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)强毒攻击。结果显示,7日龄SPF雏鸡免疫后21 d ND HI抗体、IB HI抗体及IBD中和抗体效价分别为7.9log2、6.9log2和14.1log2,SPF鸡日龄越大,抗体水平越高;28日龄SPF鸡免疫后3个月,0.3 mL免疫剂量组试验鸡ND HI、IB HI及IBD中和抗体效价分别达6.5log2、6.1log2和13.6log2,IBDV攻毒保护率均为100%(10/10);不同日龄普通雏鸡免疫效果与SPF鸡试验一致,抗体水平随鸡日龄增大而升高,IBD攻毒保护率也都达到100%(10/10)。试验结果证实,鸡新城疫-传染性支气管炎-传染性法氏囊病三联灭活疫苗可使7、14及21日龄SPF雏鸡和普通雏鸡产生良好的免疫力,对雏鸡的免疫期至少为3个月。