Comparison Study on Effects of Three Chinese Herbal Medicine on Intestinal Morphology in Weaning Piglets

The objective of this study was to compare the effect of three Chinese herbal medicine (medicated leaven, hawthorn, fructus hordei germinates) on histomorphology of different parts of small intestine in weaning piglets.40 28-day old ternary pigs (Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire) with the body weight (8.13±1.32)kg were divided into four groups, control group, medicated leaven group, hawthorn group and fructus hordei germinates group, and feeding with 1% Chinese herbal medicine, there were two repeats in each group and each repeat had 5 piglets, slaughtering and sampling at 7th and 14th day morning, respectively, sections were used for HE staining.The staining tissues were taken pictures under a microscope camera (200×) and measured VH, CD, IWT and V/C in different parts of small intestine with Image-Pro Plus.The result showed that the IWH of ileum in medicated leaven group was significantly or extremely significantly higher than control group (P<0.05;P<0.01).The VH and IWT of duodenum and jejunum at 7th day in hawthorn group were extremely significantly lower than control group (P<0.01);The IWT of ileum and the VH of ileum at 14th day were extremely significantly higher than control group (P<0.01).In fructus hordei germinates group, the VH of duodenum and jejunum at 7th day and IWT of jejunum were extremely significantly lower than control group (P<0.01);The CD of ileum at 7th day, the IWT of duodenum and ileum at 7th day were extremely significantly higher than control group (P<0.01).The effects of different simple Chinese herbal medicine on histomorphology of different parts of small intestine in piglets were different, because of the different digestive functions of small intestine, the most effects of Chinese herbal medicine an duodenum, jejunum and ileum were fructus hordei germinates, medicated leaven and hawthorn, respectively.     

自适应式丘陵山地拖拉机底盘传动及转向系统设计

针对丘陵山地拖拉机田间地头转向困难及已作业地块易被压紧压实的难题,设计了一种自适应式丘陵山地拖拉机底盘。其采用机械传动方式,发动机横向布置于车架上,动力由发动机一端经过皮带输送到变速器等传动部件用于底盘驱动行驶,另一端输出用于田间收割等作业。转向系统为断开式梯形结构设计,采用前轮偏转和四轮偏转两种转向方式,可实现全液压四轮异相位转向。结果表明：底盘最高及最低行驶速度分别为10.98 Km/h及0.91 Km/h,最大传动比为370.37,最小传动比为61.38,底盘前轮偏转时的最小转弯半径为2003mm,四轮偏转时的最小转弯半径为1494mm。该丘陵山地拖拉机具有良好的小地块作业适应能力。     

基于GIS技术的耕地土壤环境质量综合评价研究——以山西省永济市为例

以山西省永济市耕地为研究区域,通过收集整理土壤环境质量样点数据,运用GIS技术建立了土壤环境质量数据库,依据国家土壤环境质量评价标准进行分析评价,获得了永济市耕地土壤环境质量评价结果.土壤面源污染水、土综合评价结果表明:18个样点中有3个为无污染,11个为轻度污染,4个为中度污染.点源污染土壤综合评价结果表明:该区主要污染物为F、Cl、Pb、Cd、As及DDT.蔬菜地样点综合评价表明:大部分蔬菜生产符合绿色食品种植要求(NY/T391-2000)和无公害食品蔬菜地种植要求(NY5010-2001);在不符合要求的样点中,超标物主要是Cd、Pb、Hg、As及DDT.该研究为进一步加强土壤环境质量管理与修复决策奠定了基础.     

The relationships between erodibility and erosion in a soil treated with two organic amendments

The influence of two organic wastes, cotton gin crushed compost (CC) and beet vinasse (BV) applied for 5 years on a Typic Xerofluvent under dryland conditions near to Sevilla city (Guadalquivir River Valley, Andalusia, Spain) on soil erodibility (K factor of the USLE and RUSLE) and soil loss was studied. CC and BV were applied at rates of 1780, 5340, and 10,680 kg ha⁻¹ (expressed as organic matter content). When CC was applied to the soil, erodibility factor (K) is correlated with soil loss, highlighting a decrease in K and soil loss when increased the dose of CC applied to the soil. In this respect, K decreased 17% in CC-amended soils respect to control soil at the end of the experiment, and soil loss decreased 36% in CC-amended soils respect to control soil at the end of the experiment and for 45 min and 60 mm h⁻¹. However, when BV was applied, soil physical and biological properties decreased. K decreased 6.4% in BV-amended soils respect to control soil at the end of the experiment, and soil loss increased 59.7% in BV-amended soils respect to control soil at the end of the experimental period and for 45 min and 60 mm h⁻¹. We think that this is because the higher level of Na⁺ (and possibly of fulvic acids) in BV increased the exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) and reduced structural stability of BV-amended soil, leading to higher soil loss. This explains the relatively higher soil loss in BV-amended soils. These results contradict many previous reports in which soil organic matter prevented soil loss. For this reason, the equation of soil erodibility (K factor of USLE and RUSLE) must have in consideration other aspects such as the chemical composition of the soil organic matter as well as the soil structural stability.     

干制对玫瑰花芳香品质的影响研究

玫瑰花是著名的药用、茶用材料,干制是其广泛采用的加工方式。为阐明玫瑰花朵干制过程中芳香物质的变化规律,以‘丰花’‘苦水’玫瑰为材料,采用烘箱干制不同时期的玫瑰花朵,并利用气相色谱质谱联用技术定量分析花朵烘干后芳香物质的含量情况。结果表明,采用50 ℃干燥条件,各品种开放花朵、花蕾分别需要烘干5.5、12 h达到质量恒定;玫瑰不同时期花朵干制后共检测出21种挥发成分,大蕾期、半开期检测到的挥发成分种类多于小蕾期与盛花期;定量分析干制后玫瑰花朵特征芳香成分,‘丰花’‘苦水’玫瑰中苯甲醇、苯乙醇、香茅醇等分别在大蕾期保存较多,盛花期保留最少。该研究的实施明确了玫瑰干制过程中芳香物质的保留规律,为进一步优化玫瑰干制技术体系,促进玫瑰产业健康发展提供了试验支持。     

5种赤眼蜂品系对米蛾卵和梨小食心虫卵的选择偏好研究

赤眼蜂的生物学特性受到繁育寄主的影响。为探究不同繁育寄主对赤眼蜂品系在梨小食心虫卵的趋性中是否存在差异,本试验通过Y-管行为选择试验研究了米蛾Corcyra cephalonica卵繁育的松毛虫赤眼蜂Trichogramma dendrolimi和玉米螟赤眼蜂Trichogramma ostriniae品系,以及梨小食心虫Grapholita molesta卵繁育的松毛虫赤眼蜂、玉米螟赤眼蜂和本地优势种暗黑赤眼蜂Trichogramma pintoi品系对梨小食心虫卵的选择趋性。松毛虫赤眼蜂米蛾卵品系对米蛾卵和梨小卵均未表现出显著趋性,松毛虫赤眼蜂梨小卵品系在仅有米蛾卵时对米蛾卵表现出了显著趋性,而在仅有梨小卵、以及梨小卵和米蛾卵共存的处理中未表现出对任一寄主卵的趋性;玉米螟赤眼蜂米蛾卵品系和梨小卵品系,以及暗黑赤眼蜂梨小卵品系对米蛾卵和梨小卵均未表现出显著趋性。仅有米蛾卵时,暗黑赤眼蜂梨小卵品系选择时间显著短于除玉米螟赤眼蜂梨小卵品系外的其余三种赤眼蜂品系;而在仅有梨小卵时,暗黑赤眼蜂梨小卵品系选择时间最长,松毛虫赤眼蜂米蛾卵品系选择时间最短;而两种繁育寄主同时存在时,玉米螟赤眼蜂米...     

减氮覆膜下土壤有机碳组分含量的变化特征

【目的】明确长期优化施肥（减施氮肥）和减氮覆膜下土壤有机碳（SOC）与各组分有机碳含量特征及其对冬小麦籽粒产量的贡献,以期为黄土高原旱地土壤培肥和作物增产提供科学依据。【方法】依托山西省洪洞县7年定位试验,采集0—20 cm土层原状土样,利用连续物理分组方法进行分组,结合冗余分析,研究不同农田管理措施下冬小麦籽粒产量、SOC以及颗粒有机碳（POC）、矿质结合态有机碳（MOC）、轻组颗粒有机碳（Light-POC）和重组颗粒有机碳（Heavy-POC）含量特征,明确SOC含量与各组分有机碳含量的关系,量化其对冬小麦籽粒产量的贡献。试验共设农户施肥（FP）、测控施肥（MF）、垄膜沟播（RF）和平膜穴播（FH）4个处理。【结果】分析不同管理措施下冬小麦籽粒产量和SOC含量发现,FP处理的冬小麦平均产量最低,为3 070 kg·hm^-2,与FP相比,MF在减少氮肥用量的情况下并未造成小麦减产,而RF和FH可进一步显著提高小麦籽粒产量,增幅分别达到27.0%和46.4%;与试验初始（2012年）土壤相比,经连续7年采用不同管理措施后SOC含量均显著提高,提高幅度从小到大依次为11.8%（MF）、22.4%（RF）、25.5%（FP）和36.1%（FH）,即MF对试验地石灰性褐土SOC提升作用最小,但结合地膜覆盖会显著提升其培肥土壤的效果,FH对SOC含量提升的效果最佳。进一步分析不同处理下SOC组分的差异发现,与FP和MF相比,两种减氮覆膜措施不同程度提高了POC和Light-POC含量及Light-POC在SOC中的分配比例。结合SOC及其各组分有机碳含量与冬小麦籽粒产量的冗余分析、敏感性指数分析和SOC与各组分有机碳含量的相关性分析发现,各有机碳组分均以POC对小麦产量的贡献最大（达71.0%）并对SOC含量的变化和农田管理措施的响应最为敏感。因此,平膜穴播对作物产量和土壤肥力的提高主要是通过提高土壤有机碳中POC含量得以实现的。【结论】在减氮优化施肥的基础上进行平膜穴播,有利于提高黄土高原南部旱地褐土区土壤有机碳和活性有机碳含量,实现冬小麦可持续增产。     

苦参碱抗PCV2诱导小鼠肺炎的作用及其机制研究

为探讨苦参碱在小鼠体内的抗炎作用及其机制,本研究利用猪圆环病毒2型(Porcine circovirus type 2,PCV2)感染诱导小鼠肺炎模型,将32只昆明小鼠均分为空白对照组、PCV2组、苦参碱处理组(40 mg/kg)和利巴韦林阳性对照组(40 mg/kg)。除空白对照组外,其他各组小鼠每只腹腔注射0.5 mL PCV2,攻毒后的第5天开始腹腔注射对应药物,每天给药一次,连续给药5 d。在攻毒后的第11天,观察小鼠肺脏的病理组织学变化,qPCR检测PCV2 Cap基因,IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α基因的mRNA表达,Western blot检测相应炎症因子、TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB信号通路及NLRP3炎症小体关键蛋白的表达。结果表明:1)苦参碱可显著抑制PCV2感染诱发的肺间质增宽现象。2)苦参碱可显著降低肺脏PCV2病毒载量(P<0.05)及炎症因子IL-1β(P<0.05)、IL-6(P<0.000 1)、IL-8(P<0.000 1)和TNF-α(P<0.000 1)的mRNA和蛋白(P<0.000 1)的相对表达量。3)苦参碱可显著降低TLR4(P<0.000 1)、MyD88(P<0.000 1)、p-IκBα(P<0.000 1)、NF-κB p65(P<0.01)、NLRP3(P<0.000 1)、ASC(P<0.000 1)和Caspase-1(P<0.000 1)的蛋白表达量,升高IκBα(P<0.001)的蛋白表达量。综上,苦参碱可通过抑制TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB 信号通路的活化以及 NLRP3 炎症小体的激活,来发挥抗PCV2诱导的小鼠肺炎作用,为进一步揭示苦参碱的抗病毒抗炎作用提供数据支撑,为苦参碱作为新兽药开发奠定基础。     

谷子种质资源萌发期抗旱性综合评价及抗旱指标筛选

为探究适宜的谷子抗旱性评价方法,以35个谷子品种为材料,设置0.03 mol/L PEG-6000溶液模拟干旱胁迫以及正常浇水2个处理,采用频次分析和相关性分析比较了9个与谷子萌发期抗旱性相关的指标,依据隶属函数求出最适宜的综合抗旱性鉴定标准,并以此为依据对所选品种进行聚类并划分抗旱等级。结果表明:在干旱胁迫下,受试品种谷子的发芽势、发芽率、萌发指数、根干重、根鲜重、芽干重、芽鲜重、芽长和根长均受到不同程度的抑制,干旱对发芽势的影响最大;除萌发系数以外发芽势与其余各指标均呈显著或极显著相关,通过因子分析将9个单项性状指标转化为4个因子,累计贡献率达86.74%。通过隶属函数结合聚类分析将35个谷子品种的抗旱性划分为4级,其中强抗旱型品种7个、中度抗旱型品种15个、干旱敏感型品种9个和干旱极敏感型品种4个。通过回归分析建立了可准确评估谷子萌发期抗旱性的回归方程y=-0.187+0.554x_RBDW+0.550x_RRL+0.264x_RRFW,筛选出相对根鲜重、相对芽干重和相对根长作为谷子萌发期抗旱性鉴定的重要指标。干旱胁迫下,可通过测定这3个指标对不同品种谷子萌发期的耐旱性进行快速准确的鉴定及评价。     

追氮量对不同粒色小麦籽粒产量、品质及硒吸收的影响

为探究氮肥追施量对不同粒色小麦产量和品质的影响,选用4 个黑粒小麦(‘运黑161’、‘紫优5号’、‘冬黑1号’、‘临黑131’)和7个白粒小麦(‘品育8012’、‘济麦44’、‘济麦23’、‘晋麦95’、‘石农086’、‘邯农1412’、‘中农175’)品种,设置0(N₀)、34.5(N₁)、51.8(N₂)和69.0(N₃)kg/hm² 4个追氮水平(在拔节期追施),测定小麦籽粒产量、品质、氮含量和氮吸收量、硒含量等指标。结果表明:1)与N₀相比,追氮均增加小麦籽粒产量,不同品种达到最高产量的适宜追氮量不同。4个黑粒小麦籽粒产量在N₁处理最高,产量增幅为19.4%~30.8%;白粒小麦‘品育8012’、‘济麦23’、‘晋麦95’、‘济麦44’和‘石农086’籽粒产量在N₂处理最高,产量增幅为20.8%~85.1%,‘邯农1412’和‘中农175’产量随追氮量增加而增加。2)追氮可增加2种粒色小麦籽粒氮含量,黑粒小麦在N₃处理氮含量最高,增幅为4.2%~18.3%,白粒小麦N₂处理最高,增幅为3.9%~18.1%。追氮可使黑粒小麦籽粒硒含量增加11.3%~121.8%,白粒小麦籽粒硒含量降低6.7%~83.0%;追氮使黑粒小麦籽粒蛋白含量增幅为0.7%~16.1%,白粒小麦增幅为0.8%~31.7%。3)综合考虑产量和品质指标,在基施氮肥165.0 kg/hm²基础上,黑粒小麦拔节期追氮34.5 kg/hm²,白粒小麦拔节期追氮51.8 kg/hm²较为适宜。