残膜回收机械化技术综述

地膜覆盖虽然给农民带来了巨大的经济效益,但是也对生态环境造成了严重的影响。针对残膜对农业生产的危害和国内外残膜回收机的发展状况进行了综述。以期为残膜回收提供参考。     

育苗播种双向气动控制系统的设计研究

在参照原有的单向穴盘育苗播种机的基础上提出了双向育苗气动作业的思路,设计了一套双向播种的气动控制系统,并完成吸投互替的双向播种过程.设计的适用双向作业的双向育苗播种机结构,是利用传感器采集和D/A转换信号,由单片机控制电磁阀动作来完成双向播种的自动控制过程.同时,对整体系统进行了仿真分析.结果表明,其系统大大提高了生产效率,并为工业化育苗播种提供了一种新的思路.     

加强高校图书馆对新生网络服务指导——石河子大学商学院图书馆流通部服务工作的理论与实践

网络技术快速发展的信息时代,图书馆的服务也要尽快适应时代发展需要。提高图书馆服务是首要问题,加强高校图书馆对新生网络服务指导对各种外部和内部的知识与信息进行数字化改造和有效的管理,并建设有利于知识传播、共享和交流的知识仓库,是图书馆信息化、知识化服务的重点。提高图书馆服务效率对图书馆资源的有效发挥起决定性作用,服务的好坏已经极大地影响着图书馆的社会形象和图书馆事业的发展。     

基于项目的模拟电子技术课程教学模式研究

以《模拟电子技术》课程为对象,对基于项目的教学模式进行了探讨,主要提出了项目法教学的研究内容及需要解决的关键问题,并给出了具体的实施办法。     

Different roles of rhizosphere effect and long-term fertilization in the activity and community structure of ammonia oxidizers in a calcareous fluvo-aquic soil

Ammonia oxidation is a critical step in the soil nitrogen (N) cycle and can be affected by the application of mineral fertilizers or organic manure. However, little is known about the rhizosphere effect on the function and structure of ammonia-oxidizing bacterial (AOB) and archaeal (AOA) communities, the most important organisms responsible for ammonia oxidation in agricultural ecosystems. Here, the potential nitrification activity (PNA), population size and composition of AOB and AOA communities in both the rhizosphere and bulk soil from a long-term (31-year) fertilizer field experiment conducted during two seasons (wheat and maize) were investigated using the shaken slurry method, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. N fertilization greatly enhanced PNA and AOB abundance, while manure application increased AOA abundance. The community structure of AOB exhibited more obvious shifts than that of AOA after long-term fertilization, resulting in more abundant AOB phylotypes similar to Nitrosospira clusters 3 and 4 in the N-fertilized treatments. Moreover, PNA was closely correlated with the abundance and community structure of AOB rather than that of AOA among soils during both seasons, indicating that AOB play an active role in ammonia oxidation. Conversely, the PNA and population sizes of AOB and AOA were typically higher in the rhizosphere than the bulk soil, implying a significant rhizosphere effect on ammonia oxidation. Cluster and redundancy analyses further showed that this rhizosphere effect played a more important role in shaping AOA community structure than long-term fertilization. Overall, the results indicate that AOB rather than AOA functionally dominate ammonia oxidation in the calcareous fluvo-aquic soil, and that rhizosphere effect and fertilization regime play different roles in the activity and community structures of AOB and AOA.     

Effects of High Fluoride and Low Iodine on Thyroid Function in Offspring Rats

Thirty-two Wistar rats were divided randomly into four groups of eight with six females and two males in each group. The rats were exposed to high fluoride drinking water (45 mg F- L-1 from 100 mg NaF L-1), low dietary iodine (0.0855 mg kg-1), or both together in order to assess the effects of these three regimens on the thyroid function of the offspring rats. After the animal model was established, the offspring rats were bred and 10-, 20-, 30-, 60-, and 90-d-old rats were used for the experiment. The treatments for the offspring rats were the same as those of their parents. In comparison with control rats, the relative thyroid glands were changed by three regimens, but the mean values of thyroid weight in the experimental groups saw no marked difference. Serum TT3 levels were increased in all stages in the low iodine (LI) group. In the high fluoride (HiF) group, increase in TT3 levels was observed except in 20-d-old rats. Decrease in TT3 at 20- and 90-d and increase in TT3 at 30- and 60-d were found in HiF+LI group. Serum TT4 levels first saw an increase, and then dropped in the LI and HiF+LI group. However, an increase in TT4 was found in the HiF group. The levels of TSH in serum rocketed at d 20, and then dropped in the next stages in experimental groups. The results suggested that thyroid disorder could be induced by high flroride in drinking water, low iodine diet, or both of them. Exposure time to fluoride or low iodine diet was one of the important factors that fluoride can induce the development of thyroid dyfunction.     

我国农业机械能耗现状分析及节能减排技术

现代农业必须依靠机械化才能实现大面积作业和规模化生产。农业机械的高油耗、效率低严重制约了农业的机械化进程。为此,通过对目前我国农机高耗能现状的分析,并与国外农机耗能进行比较,找出农机高耗能的原因,提出相应的措施以解决农机节能减排问题。     

不同切割酸度对奶豆腐品质影响研究

研究不同切割酸度对奶豆腐品质的影响,以确定其最佳切割酸度。采用单因素试验设计,切割酸度分别为45°T～50°T、55°T～60°T、65°T～70°T、75°T～80°T、85°T～90°T。在其他工艺条件相同的情况下,分别加工一批奶豆腐,然后测定奶豆腐的性能指标。结果表明,随着切割酸度的增加,奶豆腐的感官评定值先增加,然后逐渐降低;奶豆腐的pH4.6可溶性氮含量、质量分数12%TCA可溶性氮和游离氨基酸总量都逐渐增加;而pH值和水分含量逐渐降低。以感官评定值为主指标,结合其他性能指标,确定切割酸度为65°T～70°T。     

电气工程及其自动化专业生产实习模式研究

从生产实习的现状入手,以石河子大学电气工程及其自动化专业为例,分析了生产实习的重要性,并就存在的问题提出了解决方案。     

小麦假黑胚病的研究

小麦假黑胚病近年在全疆普遍发生,一般发病率在1.5—20％,严重者达35％。受害病粒胚部变成黑褐色,经分离发现,主要由Alternaria造成。该菌分生孢子梗橄褐色,1—8个横隔膜,大小为25—80.5×4.5—6.1微米。分生孢子单生或串生,淡褐色至深褐色,倒棍棒形。孢身具2—8个横隔膜,0—3个纵隔膜,隔膜处缢缩,大小9—38×6—18微米,多具喙,喙不分枝,具0—4个隔膜。在人工培养下,病菌形态变化较大。在乳熟至蜡熟期接种,25℃下保湿36小时,潜育期3天。鉴定该病原真菌为Alternaria alternata(Fr.)Keissler。种子带菌与田间发病无直接相关性。药剂拌种无效。