Toward Elucidating the Structure of Tetraploid Cotton Genome

Upland cotton has the highest yield,and accounts for >95% of world cotton production.Decoding upland cotton genomes will undoubtedly provide the ultimate reference and resource for structural,functional,and evolutionary studies of the species.Here,we employed GeneTrek and BAC tagging information approaches to predict the general composition and structure of the allotetraploid cotton genome.     

鹅掌楸及其在园林绿化中的应用

鹅掌楸树形端直、叶形奇特、花朵酷似郁金香,是世界著名的观赏树种,利用历史悠久。依据相关文献概述了鹅掌楸的种质类型、分布特征,总结了其文化内涵和生态习性,重点阐述了鹅掌楸在园林绿化中的应用,并对进一步开发利用进行了展望。     

Recovery and Biological Properties of Nitrate Non-utilizing Mutants of Rice Blast, Magnaporthe grisea

Eleven nitrate non-utilizing (nit) mutants were recovered from six isolates of Magnaporthe grisea cultured on MM media amended with 60 g/L potassium chlorate, with a frequency of 1.42 %. Some biological properties, such as growth rate, growth biomass, cultural characters, conidial production, sexual reproduction ability, and pathogenicity were compared between nit mutants and their parent isolates. Results showed that all the nit mutants were resistant to chlorate. Some important biological properties such as the growth rate on YPSA, conidial production ability on TPSA, pathogenicity, had no significant differences between nit mutants and their parent isolates. Mating type didn‘t change, but perithecia production ability of fertile isolates changed significantly as compared with that of their parent isolates. Therefore, the nit can be used as a genetic marker to study the genetics such as pathogenicity, fungicide resistance in Magnaporthe grisea.     

我国动物营养科学百年发展的影响因素分析

对近百年来影响我国动物营养学发展的主要因素进行了总结，分析了我国动物营养学的发展历史。     

从农业到生物医学:大豆育种研究的新方向

大豆富含多种具有独特生理功能的活性成分,包括大豆异黄酮、大豆多肽、大豆磷脂、大豆低聚糖、大豆皂甙等,具有抗肿瘤、降血脂、预防心血管疾病等作用,在保健食品和医学领域有着极高的潜在应用价值.基于大豆的保健和药用价值,文章综述了大豆活性成分与人体健康的关系、大豆生物医学性状改良以及评估方法,以期鼓励农业与生物医学的密切结合和...     

一氧化碳:植物气体信号分子的新成员

一氧化碳(carbon monoxide,CO)是植物中新发现的气体信号分子,在植物体内主要由血红素加氧酶(heme oxygenase,HO)催化产生,并应答多种激素处理和环境胁迫因子对植物的刺激。最近的研究表明,CO参与植物不定根、侧根及根毛的发育,并在植物耐受盐害、渗透、重金属、紫外辐射和营养元素缺乏等非生物胁迫中起重要的调节作用。本文综述了植物中CO的产生及其结合物、生理功能及信号作用的研究新进展,并介绍了CO与激素及其他信号分子之间的互作关系。     

Expression Patterns of the Serine Protease Gene AlSP 3 in Apolygus lucorum (Hemiptera: Miridae) at Different Temperatures

As an important digestive enzyme gene, the serine protease gene AlSP 3 plays a key role in Apolygus lucorum for digesting conventional cotton. To understand the effect of different temperatures on the expression level of AlSP 3, we analyzed the expression patterns of AlSP 3 in A. lucorum reared at different temperatures using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that at the normal temperature of 24 ℃, the expression of AlSP 3 in A .lucorum at different nymphal stages was similar. The expressions of AlSP 3 in the female adult at the pre-mating stage and the male adult at post-mating stage were 19.71- and 7.16-fold higher than their control at the 1^st nymphal stage, respectively, which were significantly higher than at any other stages. However, expression in the 4^th to 5^th A. lucorum at the nymphal stage increased with rising temperature in the range of 21～30 ℃. At 30 ℃, the expression of AlSP 3 in the 2nd to 5^th A. lucorum was the highest. The expression levels of AlSP 3 in adult A. lucorum reared at different temperatures during the new emergence and pre-mating stages were significantly higher than that of the control reared at 24 ℃ (P < 0.01), while the expression during the post-mating stage at 18℃ was higher than that at other temperatures. When incubated at extreme temperatures (4 ℃ and 40 ℃), the expression of AlSP 3 in female and male adult A. lucorum was significantly higher than that at 24 ℃ (P < 0.01). Taken together, our results showed that the external environment temperature and the internal stage of A. lucorum or its sex all had significant effects on the expression of AlSP 3 in A. lucorum (P < 0.01), and that there was some interactions between them. Therefore, AlSP 3 is very important for the female adult A. lucorum to obtain nutrition at the early stages and temperature is an important limiting factor for the expression of AlSP 3.     

富硒麦芽对二乙基亚硝胺致SD大鼠肝癌细胞因子和血管生成的影响

雄性SD大鼠193只，体质量100～120g，随机分为5组。Ⅰ～Ⅲ组，日粮中添加富硒麦芽至硒含量分别为0．3、1．0、3．0mg／kg；Ⅳ组为模型组；Ⅴ组为正常对照组，不加硒也不诱癌，日粮中分别添加亚硒酸钠至硒含量达0．1mg／kg。Ⅰ～Ⅳ组，饮水中添加二乙基亚硝胺（diethylnitrosamine，DEN，100mg／L）诱癌，维持DEN摄入量按体质量每天约10mg／kg，连续16周，然后改饮普通灭菌水至18周末。Ⅴ组始终以普通灭菌水自由饮用。每4周每组取5只鼠眼眶采血；18周末采血、处死所有大鼠。测定血清肿瘤坏死因子α（tumor necrosis factor-α，TNFα）、白介素-2（interleukin-2，IL-2）、胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅱ（insulin—like growth factor-Ⅱ，IGF-Ⅱ）、一氧化氮（nitricoxide，NO）、一氧化氮合成酶（nitric oxide synthase，NOS）等的含量，并以免疫组化法观察大鼠肝肿瘤组织血管内皮生长因子（vascular endothelial growth factor，VEGF）的表达。结果发现，某些剂量富硒麦芽能有效地抑制肝癌大鼠TNFα、IGF-Ⅱ、NO和NOS水平的上升，提升血清IL-2水平，抑制肝肿瘤组织中VEGF的表达。结果提示，富硒麦芽能促进肝癌大鼠免疫功能，抑制肿瘤血管生成，从而发挥其抗癌作用。     

Moisture loss is the major cause of firmness change during postharvest storage of blueberry

Blueberry softening is known to be influenced by cell wall modifications accompanying ripening but these changes appear to be largely complete by the time of harvest. In this study postharvest storage conditions were controlled so only the extent of water loss varied between treatments. A linear relationship between weight loss and loss of firmness (as assessed by a non-destructive compression test) was demonstrated. This relationship did not hold at very low weight loss, where instead, firming of blueberries during storage was found. Magnetic resonance imaging of berries confirmed significant shrinkage and loss of water in berries which had high weight loss, compared with more subtle effects on sub-epidermal water content in berries with very low weight loss. Treatments which restrict blueberry water loss to below 8% are likely to be beneficial in retaining acceptable berry firmness for up to three weeks’ storage.