野生大豆转录因子GsWRKY57基因的克隆与抗旱性功能分析

WRKY转录因子是近年来在植物中发现的一类重要转录因子,在植物抗逆相关过程中发挥重要作用。本研究通过对野生大豆转录组数据进行分析,从野生大豆中克隆得到GsWRKY57基因的CDS序列。该基因开放阅读框为903bp,编码300个氨基酸残基,分子量为34.23kD,等电点为5.88。氨基酸序列分析显示该蛋白含有一个WRKY保守结构域,属于III类WRKY转录因子。系统发育树分析表明该蛋白与栽培大豆同源性最高、其次是赤豆、木豆。启动子作用元件分析预测显示该基因可能存在多种非生物胁迫作用元件。组织特异性表达分析表明该基因在大豆叶片中高丰度表达,然后依次是茎、花、荚、根。GsWRKY57基因表达受茉莉酸、水杨酸、脱落酸、干旱等植物逆境诱导。过表达GsWRKY57基因的转基因拟南芥植株相对于野生型耐旱能力增强。     

Antioxidant lignans sesamin and sesamolin in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.): A comprehensive review and future prospects

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is a significantly lucrative cash crop for millions of small-holder farmers. Its seeds are an important source of a highly appreciated vegetable oil globally and two clinically essential antioxidant lignans, sesamin and sesamolin. Accordingly, many countries import millions of tons of sesame seed every year. The demand for lignan-rich sesame seeds has been increasing in recent years due to the continuous discovery of several pharmacological attributes of sesamin and sesamolin. To meet this demand, the sesame breeder’s primary objective is to release sesame cultivars that are enriched in oil and lignans. Thus, it is necessary to summarize the information related to the sesamin and sesamolin contents in sesame in order to promote the joint efforts of specialized research teams on this important oilseed crop. In this article, we present the current knowledge on the sesamin and sesamolin contents in S. indicum L. with respect to the updated biosynthesis pathway, associated markers, governing loci, available variability in sesame germplasm, the in planta potential roles of these compounds in sesame, and the newly discovered pharmacological attributes. In addition, we propose and discuss some required studies that might facilitate genomics-assisted breeding of high lignan content sesame varieties.     

基于表型多样性构建向日葵核心种质

为鉴定评价我国向日葵（Helianthus annuus L.）种质资源在南方地区的表现，筛选构建向日葵核心种质，以422份向日葵种质为材料，在进行2年鉴定观察的基础上，采用描述性统计、相关性分析、主成分分析等方法对11个表型农艺性状进行分析评价。结果表明，原始群体的这些农艺性状具有较大的变异幅度，其变异系数（CV）为3.60%~83.32%，平均变异系数为20.93%，其中分枝株率（0%~62.5%）、单株粒重（9.70~232.35 g）、百粒重（4.60~14.92 g）、叶片数（14.40~48.38个）和株高（103.75~260.00 cm）变异幅度较大；性状间表现出显著的相关性，主成分分析表明，影响性状的4个主要成分解释了总方差的71.72%。采用QGAstation 2.0软件构建了72组核心种质候选群体，并根据均值差异百分数（MD）、方差差异百分率（VD），极差符合率（CR）和变异系数百分率（VR），获得组获得1组包含84份材料的最佳核心种质群体。聚类分析将84份核心资源分为5大类，与原群体相比，所选核心种质均值无显著差异，方差显著提高，能最大限度代表原始油葵种质资源保存和利用。     

Effect of microwave pre-treatment on physical quality,bioactive compounds,safety risk factor,and storage stability of peanut butter

Microwave, as a new heat treatment technology, has the characteristics of uniform and fast heating speed. It is an energy-saving technology known for improving oilseed product quality. Its efficiency mainly depends on the roasting power and time. However, the production of high-quality peanut butter using short-time roasting conditions are limited. Herein, we determined an appropriate microwave roasting power and time for peanuts and evaluated its impacts on the quality of peanut butter. Different roasting powers (400 ​W, 800 ​W and 1200 ​W) and times (4, 4.5, 5, and 5.5 ​min) were preliminarily tested. Among them, 800 ​W at 5 ​min was the most suitable. The roasting efficiency was further evaluated using color, sensory, bioactive compounds, storage stability, and safety risk factors of peanut butter produced from four peanut cultivars (Silihong, Baisha-1016, Yuanza-9102, and Yuhua-9414). The pre-treated butter obtained from three cultivars (Silihong, Yuanza-9102, and Yuhua-9414) with moisture content between 5% and 7.2% had a similar sensory score (6–7) as the commercial on a 9-point hedonic scale compare to the other. The color of the pre-treated peanut butter varies statistically with the commercial but remained in the recommended range of Hunter L1 values of 51–52, respectively, for high initial moisture peanut cultivars. The total polyphenol (35.20-31.59 ​± ​0.59 ​μmol GAE/g) and tocopherol (19.05 ​± ​0.35 ​mg/100 ​g) content in the butter obtained from three cultivars (Yuahua-9102, Yuhua, and Baisha-1016) and Silihong respectively, were significantly (P ​< ​0.05) higher than those in the commercial butter. The induction times of all pre-treated butter (19.80 ​± ​0.99–7.84 ​± ​0.07 ​h) were significantly (P ​< ​0.05) longer during storage at accelerated temperature than commercial samples. In addition, no benzo[a]pyrene was found in the pre-treated samples. Collectively, the microwave pretreated peanut butter was superior to the commercial one. These findings provided data support and a reference basis to promote microwave use for peanut butter production.     

基于简便快速的尼罗红荧光染色法建立高油脂裂殖壶菌筛选方法

裂殖弧菌是商业化生产二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）的重要菌株。为了快速检测裂殖壶菌细胞油脂含量，本文基于尼罗红荧光染色法，系统地筛选了激发光与发射光，并探究了简化细胞处理步骤，在不使用磷酸缓冲盐溶液洗涤细胞的条件下，优化二甲基亚砜（DMSO）体积分数、尼罗红用量、染色时间及细胞密度等因素对裂殖壶菌胞油脂检测的影响，并通过气相色谱法与荧光染色法的相关性分析，验证该方法的准确性。结果表明背景荧光未对荧光强度测定造成干扰；细胞密度在一定范围内，荧光强度与油脂含量的相关性良好，通过荧光强度可以较为准确地反映裂殖壶菌油脂含量。最佳染色及检测条件为：细胞密度0.7相似文献   

适宜茶园套种的绿肥型油菜资源筛选及初步应用

为推广生态茶园的油菜绿肥套种模式，于2017-2018年在茶园系统筛选和评价适宜套种的油菜资源。比较23个不同油菜品种（品系）的盛花期鲜草的生长与养分还田量，结果发现：茶园套种油菜的生物量、株高、养分还田量等指标表现存在差异；种植后根际土pH、有机质、碱解氮含量发生改变或提升。综合比较分现，品种阳光131、 圣光86和中双11表现相对较好：单株生物量达0.81～1.00 kg；植株养分还田量高，三者的氮磷钾养分还田量分别为 49.21～72.48 kg/hm2、12.64～17.40 kg/hm2和33.64～56.29 kg/hm2，可基本满足茶青的生长需求，且三个品种种植后土壤有效养分和有机质的改善较为明显。大地69和油肥1号株高相对较矮，适宜在低龄或矮枞茶园中套种。于2018-2019年探索油菜品种阳光131作为绿肥在不同树龄的茶园套种的应用，发现土壤的有机质含量显著改善，pH 值显著提升。综上，认为优选油菜品种应用于冬季茶/油菜（绿肥）套种模式     

Lipid analysis of three special nervonic acid resources in China

Nervonic acid plays an important role in nutrition and function of the human body. Malania oleifera, Acer truncatum and Xanthoceras sorbifolium are China’s unique woody plant rich in nervonic acid in seed oil. This study aims to investigate the lipid composition of these 3 special resources. Their fatty acids were detected by gas chromatography coupled with flame detector (GC-FID). Triglycerides (TAGs) and phospholipids (PLs) were detected by shotgun-mass spectrometry (shotgun-MS). Results showed that M. oleifera oil presented the highest level of nervonic acid (46.20 ​± ​0.22%) among the 3 oils. Seeds oil of A. truncatum and X. sorbifolium had 3.53 ​± ​0.20% and 1.83 ​± ​0.21% nervonic acid respectively. 53 species of TAGs and 15 species of PLs were identified in M. oleifera oil, with PLs content of 499.94 ​± ​22.34 ​μg/g. In A. truncatum oil, PL and TAG species were twice more than those in M. oleifera oil, and its’ content of PLs was 76.27 ​± ​3.21 ​μg/g. In X. sorbifolium oil, 75 TAGs and 34 ​PLs were detected, with the lowest PLs at 23.84 ​± ​0.17 ​μg/g. The results demonstrated that these 3 vegetable oils have great potential to become nervonic acid supplements for human health.     

甘蓝型油菜对常用稻田除草剂的耐性评价

为降低稻田除草剂残留对油菜生产的风险,筛选不同除草剂耐性的油菜品种,以19个长江流域大面积应用的油菜品种为材料,选择吡嘧磺隆、丙草胺、灭草松、氰氟草酯等4种常用稻田除草剂,通过营养液纸培试验,考查发芽率及幼苗期株高、最大根长、鲜重、干重等性状,以各性状的耐除草剂系数作为衡量指标,对油菜品种进行除草剂的耐性综合评价。结果发现,在稻田除草剂胁迫下,油菜各生长指标反应因基因型而不同,差异显著。通过聚类分析筛选出与除草剂对应的耐性相对较强的油菜品种,并认为主成分分析、隶属函数法和聚类分析的方法综合评价更全面更稳定可靠。在稻-油生产模式中,建议根据水稻除草剂种类,选择对应的耐性油菜品种,降低生产风险。     

CRISPR/Cas9介导的多基因编辑系统在大豆中的应用

自CRISPR/Cas9（clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9）基因 组编辑技术发现以来，迅速在作物中得到广泛应用。但是，CRISPR/Cas9多基因编辑系统在大豆中的研究尚待开 发。本文利用CRISPR/Cas9介导的多基因编辑系统，分别构建了两个载体，一个载体含6个靶点，编辑7个大豆基因 （4个Glycine max ASYMMETRIC LEAVES1（GmAS1）同源基因和3个GmAS2 同源基因），另一个载体含8个靶点，编辑 11个G. max AGAMOUS 家族同源基因（4个GmAG 同源基因，2个G. max SEEDSTICK（GmSTK）同源基因和5个G. max SHATTERPROOF1（GmSHP1/2）同源基因）。大豆遗传转化后，经表型鉴定和靶点检测发现，CRISPR/Cas9介导的多 基因编辑系统在大豆中成功实现了多基因编辑。当3个GmAS1 同源基因和3个GmAS2 同源基因同时突变时，导致 大豆叶片向远轴面弯曲、皱缩且叶柄变短的表型。当2个GmSHP1 同源基因和2个GmSTK 同源基因同时突变时，导 致豆荚停止发育的不育表型。