Grain Sink Strength Related to Carbon Staying in the Leaves of Hybrid Wheat XN901

XN901 is a K-type three-line hybrid wheat with a high yield potential, and its leaves and stem remaining green during grain maturation, suggesting much assimilate stay in leaves and stem. The grain water content, grain volume, carbohydrate content, and enzyme activity of sucose metabolism in the grain, as well as source-sink relationship were studied in order to investigate the physiological reason of the assimilate remaining in leaves and stem at the late stage. The results showed that the hybrid grains had more water and soluble sugar, higher activities of acid invertase and sucrose synthase at the early stage that led to a faster expansion growth, greater grain volume and faster starch synthesis at the early to mid stage of grain development. Also it had a longer period for actively filling. As a result, the grain weight and yield of the hybrid were increased by 14 and 15% respectively compared to that of Shaan 229. Additionally, the biomass of XN901 was 41.7% more than that of control, but its harvest index was 9% lower than Shaan 229. However, its lower activity of sucrose synthase indicated a lower sink activity at the late stage, resulting in a slow rate of filling and starch synthesis. Also, the hybrid wheat XN901 had a large source-sink ratio. It is the main reason for much assimilate remaining in the straw at the late stage and lower harvest index. Strengthening the sink activity and raising the harvest index should be the key means of improving the yield of hybrid wheat.     

SW-BSA人工抗原疫苗对家兔的免疫效果

SW-BSA人工合成抗原与白油制成疫苗免疫家兔,饲喂甘肃棘豆后制备免疫血清,分别进行间接ELISA试验、SW浓度的测定、血清生化指标测定试验,并进行组织病理学检查。结果表明,免疫攻毒组家兔的临床中毒症状比攻毒对照组出现时间延迟30d,血清中SW浓度比攻毒对照组延缓21d达到较高水平,血清中AST、ALP、LDH、BUN活性比攻毒对照组延缓31d达到较高值,ALT的活性与攻毒对照组相比没有显著差异,血清α-甘露糖甙酶活性比攻毒对照组延缓28d下降到较低值。攻毒组家兔各器官组织的病理变化主要是以细胞呈现急性中毒性缺血缺氧和空泡变性为特点。结论得出SW-BSA人工合成抗原疫苗对攻毒家兔有一定的保护作用。     

Cr^（3＋）胁迫对青菜中植物络合素含量及AsA-GSH代谢关键酶活性的影响

采用不同浓度Cr3＋处理,测定不同耐铬性青菜品种叶片中抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽（AsA-GSH）代谢关键酶活性及植物络合素含量等生理指标。结果表明,随着处理浓度的增加,两个青菜品种叶片中植物络合素及抗氧化剂含量呈增加趋势。高浓度Cr3＋（250mg·L-1）处理下,耐铬性强的矮抗青品种叶片中超氧阴离子（O-2·）含量与对照相比增幅较小,耐铬性差的绿秀品种则增幅较大;耐铬性强的矮抗青叶片中还原型抗坏血酸（AsA）、还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量显著高于对照（P〈0.05）,而绿秀品种则略增,差异不显著（P〉0.05）;耐铬性强的矮抗青品种叶片中脱氢抗坏血酸（DHA）、氧化型谷胱甘肽（GSSG）含量分别是对照的1.87、1.72倍,低于耐性差的绿秀品种（1.98、1.94倍）。随着铬处理浓度的增加,AsA-GSH关键酶活性呈先增后降趋势。高浓度Cr3＋处理下,耐铬性强的矮抗青品种叶片中植物络合素（PCs）含量、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）及脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶（DHAR）活性分别比对照增加了30.9%、38.9%、45.2%,而耐性差的绿秀分别增加了11.5%、30.5%、43.0%。综合分析表明,矮抗青在Cr3＋处理下具有较高的AsA-GSH代谢关键酶活性和非酶物质含量,可能是不同青菜品种对Cr3＋耐受性差异的内在生理原因。     

几种油料作物对铬、铅的耐受性与积累研究

选取花生（Arachis hypogaea）、大豆（Glycine max）、向日葵（Helianthus annuus）、蓖麻（Ricinus communis）4种油料作物,采用不同浓度的Cr3＋、Pb2＋水培处理,研究了4种油料作物对Cr3＋、Pb2＋的耐受能力和富集特征。结果表明,随着Cr3＋、Pb2＋处理浓度的升高,4种油料作物株高、根长、地上部与根部生物量和耐受指数均不同程度降低。其中,花生、向日葵地上部生物量降幅较小。4种作物地上部Cr、Pb含量随处理浓度的升高呈增加趋势,200mg.L-1 Cr3＋处理下大豆地上部Cr含量最高（5322mg.kg-1）,400mg.L-1 Pb2＋处理下向日葵地上部Pb含量最高（1439mg.kg-1）。4种作物地上部对重金属的富集量随着Cr3＋、Pb2＋处理浓度的升高而增加,并且大部分重金属积累在根部。其中,花生Cr、Pb积累量和迁移率均较高,100mg.L-1 Cr3＋、200mg.L-1 Pb2＋处理下地上部Cr、Pb积累量分别为420.5、492.4μg.株-1,迁移率分别为23.1%、11.7%。综合分析表明,花生对Cr3＋、Pb2＋具有较强的耐受和积累能力,可作为Cr3＋、Pb2＋污染环境中植物修复的油料作物。     

生物工程专业动物细胞工程课程教学改革探讨

对动物细胞工程课程教学内容、教学方法、考核方式等进行了教学改革的初步探索,为培养适应现代社会需要,且具有创新能力高素质人才提供保障。     

微量元素和维生素对四氧嘧啶致糖尿病小鼠模型的影响

用含低微量元素、维生素的饲料(L)和含高适量微量元素和维生素的饲料(H)分别喂养小鼠4周,采用腹腔注射ALX建立DM小鼠模型。血糖仪检测血糖结果,并在光镜下观察两组鼠胰岛细胞的形态变化。结果表明L组喂养的小鼠血糖明显上升,胰岛内分泌细胞排列稀疏不均,胰岛数及岛内细胞数减少;H组小鼠血糖基本维持正常水平,胰岛为圆形、椭圆形细胞团,境界清楚,胰岛数及岛内细胞数较多,内各分泌细胞大小一致。总之,DM发生前,微量元素和维生素的联合生物学效应可拮抗ALX引起的胰岛损害,保护胰岛细胞,使血糖维持正常水平。     

茄子果实发育过程中主要营养成分动态变化

分析了茄子果实生长发育过程中鲜重变化及可溶性固形物、蛋白质、氨基酸、茄红素、Vc的含量变化,并对门茄和对茄商品成熟果实的营养成分进行了分析比较。结果表明：其可溶性固形物、蛋白质、氨基酸、Vc含量都呈现出先升高,后降低的变化趋势;茄红素含量呈现先由高到低、后由低到高的变化趋势;门茄的主要营养成分含量均高于对茄。     

grb14基因的功能及其研究进展

鉴于growth factor receptor-bound protein 14(GRB14)在胰岛素信号和纤维母细胞生长因子(fibroblast growth factor,FGF)信号调节上的重要作用。研究表明GRB14与脊椎动物的生长发育有着密切的联系。近年来,该基因已经成为调控胰岛素信号和FGF信号途径的研究热点,但在牛上还未见报道。在此,本文对牛grb14基因的功能及其相应机理进行了综述。     

Cr^6＋对高丹草幼苗生理特性与根尖细胞有丝分裂的影响

采用室内培养的方法,研究了不同浓度（0、0．5、1．0、1．8mmol·L^-1）K2CrO4处理高丹草幼苗后对其生长、相关生理特性及细胞分裂的影响。结果表明,随着Cr^6＋处理浓度增加,高丹草幼苗生长受到抑制,质膜透性、丙二醛（MDA）含量持续升高;叶片中可溶性糖、脯氨酸（Pro）含量呈现升高趋势,1．0mmol·L^-1处理下增加幅度最为显著;可溶性蛋白和叶绿素含量逐渐降低。此外,不同浓度（0、50、100、150mmol·L^-1）Cr^6＋处理影响高丹草幼苗根尖分生区细胞有丝分裂,统计分析结果显示：有丝分裂指数、染色体畸变率、微核率与处理浓度间有很好的线性关系,处理浓度与有丝分裂指数显著负相关（P〈0．05）,与染色体畸变率、微核率呈显著正相关（P〈0．05）。高丹草幼苗生长生理变化规律、根尖有丝分裂指数、染色体畸变率及微核率可以作为监测环境中Cr^6＋含量的参考指标。     

Effect of drip irrigation on squash (Cucurbita pepo) yield and water-use efficiency in sandy calcareous soils amended with clay deposits

Water research studies in Saudi Arabia clearly showed sever depletion of groundwater. Therefore, the scientifically applied research program related to water saving and conservation in agriculture is essential, where agricultural activities account for more than 85% of the total water consumed. This study aims to investigate the effect of four irrigation levels, two irrigation methods and three clay deposits on water-use efficiency (WUE) of squash and the distributions of salts and roots in sandy calcareous soils. A field experiment was conducted at the college experimental station in 2002 and 2003. It consists of three clay deposits, three rates (CO = 0, C2 = 1.0 and C3 = 2.0%), four irrigation levels (T₁ = 60, T₂ = 80, T₃ = 100 and T₄ = 120% of Eto) using surface (IM1) and subsurface (IM2) drip irrigation.Results indicated that squash fruit yield was significantly increased with the increase in irrigation water level for each season. Generally, WUE values were increased as linearly with applied irrigation water and decreased at the highest irrigation level. Types of clay deposits significantly affected fruit yields compared with the control. The yield increase was 12.8, 8.35 and 6.4% for Khulays, Dhruma and Rawdat clay deposits, respectively. The differences between surface and subsurface drip on fruit yields and WUE were also significant. Results indicated that moisture content of subsurface-treated layer increased dramatically, while salts were accumulated at the surface and away from the emitters in subsurface drip irrigation. Intensive root proliferation is observed in the clay-amended subsurface layer compared with non-amended soil. The advantages of subsurface drip irrigation were related to the relative decrease in salt accumulation in the root zone area where the plant roots were active and water content was relatively higher.