几种油料作物对铬、铅的耐受性与积累研究

选取花生（Arachis hypogaea）、大豆（Glycine max）、向日葵（Helianthus annuus）、蓖麻（Ricinus communis）4种油料作物,采用不同浓度的Cr3＋、Pb2＋水培处理,研究了4种油料作物对Cr3＋、Pb2＋的耐受能力和富集特征。结果表明,随着Cr3＋、Pb2＋处理浓度的升高,4种油料作物株高、根长、地上部与根部生物量和耐受指数均不同程度降低。其中,花生、向日葵地上部生物量降幅较小。4种作物地上部Cr、Pb含量随处理浓度的升高呈增加趋势,200mg.L-1 Cr3＋处理下大豆地上部Cr含量最高（5322mg.kg-1）,400mg.L-1 Pb2＋处理下向日葵地上部Pb含量最高（1439mg.kg-1）。4种作物地上部对重金属的富集量随着Cr3＋、Pb2＋处理浓度的升高而增加,并且大部分重金属积累在根部。其中,花生Cr、Pb积累量和迁移率均较高,100mg.L-1 Cr3＋、200mg.L-1 Pb2＋处理下地上部Cr、Pb积累量分别为420.5、492.4μg.株-1,迁移率分别为23.1%、11.7%。综合分析表明,花生对Cr3＋、Pb2＋具有较强的耐受和积累能力,可作为Cr3＋、Pb2＋污染环境中植物修复的油料作物。

Chromium and Lead Tolerance and Accumulation in Several Oil Crops

The tolerance and enrichment characteristics of four oil crops, including peanut （A rachis hypogaea）, soybean （Glycine max）, sun- flower（Helianthus annuus ） and castor（Richtus communis ）, were studied under hydroponic culture treatment with different concentrations of Cr^3＋ and Pb^2＋ The results showed that the plant height, root length, shoot biomass, root biomass and tolerance index of the four crops de- creased in various degrees with the increase of Cr^3＋ and Pb62＋ concentrations, the shoot biomass of peanut and sunflower decreased relatively slightly. The Cr and Pb contents in shoots of the crops increased with the increase of Cr^3＋ and Pb62＋ concentration. Among them the Cr content in shoots of soybean was the highest（5 322 mg. kg^-1） under treatment of 200 mg.L^-1 Cr^3＋, the Pb content in shoots of sunflower was the highest （ 1 439 mg. kg^-1 ） under treatment of 400 mg. L^-1 Pb^2＋. The accumulation of Cr and Pb in shoots of the four crops increased with the increase of Cr^3＋ and Pb^2＋ concentration and most of heavy metal accumulated in roots. The accumulation and translocation rate of Cr and Pb in peanut were relatively higher, the accumulation of Cr and Pb in shoots under treatment of 100 mg. L^-1 Cr^3＋ and 200 mg. L^-1 Pb^2＋ was 420.5 μg.plant^-1 and 492.4, respectively, while the translocation rate was 23.1% and 11.7%, respectively. The results indicate that peanut has both stronger tolerance and higher ability of enrichment under Cr^3＋ and Pb62＋ stress, and could be used as a potential oil crop for the phytoextraction of Cr^3＋ and Pb^2＋contaminated environment.