日光温室嫁接番茄生长特性及抗病性研究

近年来，由于设施蔬菜生产的高复加值，使得连作障碍严重，土传病害广泛蔓延。有关嫁接栽培早结果、丰产、增强植株抗性等报道较多。但嫁接对番茄生长特性及抗病性影响的研究报道较少。本试验旨在选择早产、高产、抗病性砧木，为设施蔬菜无公害生产提供科学的理论依据和指导方向。     

新疆甜菜丸粒化单粒种高密高产高糖栽培模式

在新疆适宜种植甜菜的生态区,通过选择甜菜丸粒化单粒种,在高密度种植条件下,依据不同栽培管理阶段特点采用合理的管理措施,以实现甜菜单产97.5～105.0t/hm2、含糖率15%以上的目标,从而构建甜菜丸粒化单粒种高密高产高糖栽培模式。     

How do timing,duration, and intensity of drought stress affect the agronomic performance of winter rye?

Winter rye (Secale cereale L.) will be especially affected by drought induced yield losses in Central and Eastern Europe in the future because it is predominantly cultivated on low-fertile soils with a poor water-holding capacity. In order to examine the performance of winter rye under different drought conditions, field experiments were carried out during the years 2011, 2012, and 2013 near Braunschweig, Germany. Two sets of genotypes were tested under severe, mild, pre-anthesis, and post-anthesis drought stress in rain-out shelters as well as under rainfed and well-watered conditions. The grain, straw, and total above ground biomass yields, harvest index, grain yield components, leaf area index (LAI), and phenological characteristics were examined, as well as phenotypic correlations between grain yield and further characteristics. Drought induced grain yield reduction ranged from 14 to 57%, while straw yield and harvest index were lesser affected by drought than the grain yield. Under drought conditions, fully ripe was reached up to twelve days earlier than under non water-limited conditions. Pre-anthesis drought mainly reduced spikes m⁻² and kernels spike⁻¹ while drought during grain filling reduced the 1000-kernel weight (TKW) only. The grain yield was positively associated with straw yield, spikes m⁻², and kernels spike⁻¹ under water limited conditions while the TWK was only positively associated with grain yield under drought during grain filling. Consequently, high pre-anthesis biomass as well as high numbers of spikes m⁻² and kernels spike⁻¹ are especially important for obtaining high grain yields under water-limited conditions. Focusing on these traits is, therefore, recommendable for developing drought tolerant rye genotypes.     

Potential protective effects of thiamine supplementation on the ruminal epithelium damage during subacute ruminal acidosis

In ruminants, the ruminal epithelium not only has the function of absorbing nutrients but also is an important tissue to prevent harmful substances in the rumen from entering the blood circulation. Thus, the normal function of ruminal epithelium is critical for ruminants. However, subacute ruminal acidosis induced by high-concentrate diets often damages the barrier function of ruminal epithelium in ruminants. Recently, many studies have shown that dietary supplementation with thiamine is an effective method to alleviate subacute ruminal acidosis. In order to provide theoretical reference for the in-depth study of subacute ruminal acidosis and the application of thiamine in the future, this review introduces the effects of subacute ruminal acidosis on morphological structure, inflammatory response, and tight junction of ruminal epithelium. In addition, this paper summarizes the role of thiamine in maintaining ruminal epithelial function of ruminants during subacute ruminal acidosis challenge.     

禽流感病毒A/PFV/Restock/34(H7N1)HA基因在昆虫/杆状病毒系统中的表达

经RT-PCR扩增了禽流感病毒A/PFV／Restock／1／34（H7N1）1．7kbHA基因的cDNA，将其克隆到pMD18-T中并测序。在去除编码HA信号肽的核苷酸序列后，亚克隆到杆状病毒转移载体pBlueBacHis，筛选到重组质粒命名为pBlueBacHisH7HA，测序正确后与线性化的杆状病毒DNA（Bac-N-Blue^TMDNA）共转染sf9昆虫细胞，挑取蓝色蚀斑，经三轮蚀斑纯化，获得数株重组杆状病毒rpBlueHisH7HA。提取重组病毒DNA，经PCR证明目的基因片段已插入到杆状病毒基因组中，血凝实验、SDS-PAGE和Western blot实验结果表明HA基因在重组杆状病毒感染的HFive细胞中获得了表达。     

新疆昌吉32个紫花苜蓿品种的田间抗病性评价北大核心CSCD

为筛选出适宜当地条件的高产抗病品种,连续2年2次调查了2018年建植于新疆昌吉市呼图壁县的32个紫花苜蓿品种上各种病害的发病率和病情指数,并测定了各品种次年的越冬率和5次刈割期的草产量,评价了不同品种的抗病性,采用灰色关联度法分析了各品种的综合特性。结果表明,试验地发生了苜蓿茎点霉叶斑与黑茎病、白粉病、黄斑病、匍柄霉叶斑病和尾孢叶斑病5种病害,且以前3种为主,前3种病害的发病率最高分别达到了97.08%、100.00%及57.14%。供试品种仅有茎点霉叶斑与黑茎病的病情指数存在显著差异(P<0.05),表现为旱地与WL343HQ的病情指数显著高于皇冠、WL168HQ与阿迪娜等品种,而其他病害品种间未表现出差异(P>0.05)。根据抗性级别的频率分布,对于苜蓿茎点霉叶斑与黑茎病,53.13%的苜蓿品种为高抗品种,25.00%的苜蓿品种为抗性品种,12.50%的苜蓿品种为中抗品种,3.13%的苜蓿品种为低抗品种,6.25%的苜蓿品种为感病品种;对于苜蓿白粉病,32个品种的抗性分布频率为抗性品种占3.13%,中抗品种占25.00%,低抗品种占15.63%,感病品种占56.25%,无高抗品种;供试品种对苜蓿黄斑病抗性分布频率为高抗品种29个,占90.63%,抗性品种占9.38%,无中抗、低抗及感病品种。32个品种的5次草产量总和为22.48~29.52 t·hm^(-2),其中,5茬总产量最高的苜蓿品种为龙威3010,总产量最低的苜蓿品种为陇东苜蓿。供试的所有品种未出现明显冻害,越冬良好,越冬率均在80%以上,其中有22个品种大于90%。综合特性较好的5个品种为皇冠、WL363HQ、中苜3号、敖汉苜蓿和旱地(综合得分0.850~0.942),较差的品种为耐盐之星、WL343HQ、冲击波、雷霆与陇东苜蓿(综合得分0.650~0.721)。     

D型肉毒素水剂毒饵控制鼠害的药效试验

使用D型肉毒素水剂毒饵对克拉玛依农业开发区荒漠鼠害进行药效试验,结果表明:D型肉毒素剂量达到300万毒价时,对害鼠可起到很好的防治效果,投药6 d后,灭鼠效果达到91.8%。因此,通过合理投放此种鼠药,可使鼠害防治在以保护生态环境为前提的情况下,取得降低成本和有效防治的双重效果。     

壳聚糖在水果贮藏保鲜中的应用研究

本文首先介绍了壳聚糖的理化性质及生理功能,壳聚糖具有很好的气调性、保湿性和抑菌性,这些性质使得壳聚糖适宜作为水果保鲜剂,目前已被广泛应用在食品行业;然后讨论了壳聚糖的保鲜机理,在此基础上,进一步对壳聚糖膜保鲜水果的应用进行了分类介绍。     

马铃薯SoFtsH基因全长cDNA克隆与在干旱条件下表达研究

FtsH (Filamentation Temperature-Sensitive H)是一种ATP和Zn²⁺依赖型金属蛋白酶，广泛存在于原核生物和真核生物中，在真核生物中是多基因家族。FtsH具有ATP酶活性、蛋白水解活性和分子伴侣活性，参与多种胁迫反应。从抗旱马铃薯（Solanum tuberosum）二倍体品系H145中分离得到cDNA-AFLP差异片段,利用RACE技术克隆了SoFtsH cDNA全长序列, 并对其进行分析。结果表明, 该序列包含完整的开放阅读框，长为723 bp, 编码129个氨基酸。SoFtsH具有2个铁氧化还原蛋白结合位点，并存在信号肽序列、跨膜区域和Zn²⁺结合域。SoFtsH基因序列与GenBank数据库中的其他FtsH基因进行同源序列比对, 并构建系统进化树, 发现该基因与番茄、烟草、拟南芥等高等植物FtsH基因同源性达90%以上。半定量RT-PCR和Northern Blot杂交结果表明SoFtsH基因在干旱胁迫下叶片和根系里的表达量明显增加, 且在抗旱品系H145与干旱敏感品系H214中表达模式不同。说明SoFtsH基因在马铃薯抗旱中起作用。